双缺陷调控的Z型BiVO4-x/g-C3N4-x异质结的制备及其光催化全解水

为了获得高效的全解水光催化体系,采用固相烧结法和水热法制备了双缺陷调控的Z型BiVO_4-x/gC₃N_4-x异质结,对异质结的微观结构和光电特性进行了表征,测试了BiVO_4-x/g-C₃N_4-x异质结的光催化全解水制氢、氧的性能。结果表明：丰富的氧空位和氮空位的引入、紧密连接的复合结构界面及直接Z型异质结的构筑,提高了材料对可见光的吸收,加快了光生电荷的分离和传输,从而导致材料具有高效的光催化活性。双缺陷调控的Z型BiVO_4-x/g-C₃N_4-x异质结具有优异的光催化活性和稳定性,在可见光照射下,不添加任何吸收剂析氢速率可达654μmol/(h·g),是g-C₃N_4-x前驱体的6.5倍,析氧速率可达302μmol/(h·g),经过20 h的长时间可见光照射,样品的光催化活性没有下降。     

Ni-Co-B-RE(Sm、Dy、Tb)复合电极:化学沉积法制备及电催化析氢性能研究

开发低成本、高活性的非贵金属电催化剂对电解水的实际应用具有重要意义,稀土(Rare Earth, RE)元素因其独特的电子结构成为金属催化剂改性的研究热点,但在泡沫镍(NickelFoam,NF)基体上制备稀土复合催化剂的方法存在成本高、工艺复杂和耗时长等问题。本研究采用一步化学沉积法,在NF基体上制备了三种稀土复合电极Ni-Co-B-Tb/NF、Ni-Co-B-Sm/NF和Ni-Co-B-Dy/NF,对催化电极的结构和形貌进行了表征,并研究其在1mol·L–1KOH溶液中的析氢性能。结果表明,添加Sm、Dy和Tb可使电极的电子结构发生改变,改善催化剂材料的本征性质,进而提高析氢反应(Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, HER)的催化性能。其中, Ni-Co-B-Tb/NF表现出最佳的析氢性能,达到10mA·cm–2的电流密度仅需58mV的过电位,Tafel斜率为65mV·dec–1,析氢反应由Volmer-Heyrovsky步骤控制。进一步研究发现稀土浓度对电催化性能影响较大,当Tb浓度为3g·L–1时,Ni-Co-B-Tb/NF表面颗粒尺寸较小且分布均匀,暴露...     

界面工程用于提高CoP-Co2P多晶型物在全pH值析氢反应和碱性全解水反应中的电催化性能(英文)

开发具有丰富活性位点和高本征活性的磷化钴催化剂,用于高效且稳定的析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)具有重要意义.本工作通过精准地控制球形膦酸钴的热还原温度合理地构建了新型的碳包裹的CoP-Co₂P多晶型物.独特的多级孔结构和CoP-Co₂P之间的异质界面不仅提高了活性位点的数量,而且还保证了优异的内在催化活性.所制备的催化剂展现出优异的电催化活性和稳定性(对于全pH值H E R(0.5 mol L~(-1H₂SO₄:81 mV@10 mA cm^-2; 1.0 mol L^-1KOH:109 mV@10 mA cm^-2; 1.0 mol L^-1PBS:227 mV@10 mA cm^-2)和碱性OER(1.0 mol L^-1KOH:1.53 V@10 mA cm^-2)).在作为双电极电解槽中全解水反应的双功能电催化剂时,该材料可以在1.60 V的低电...     

Co(OH)2/CoN的界面空位协同作用促进碱性水分解(英文)

开发高性能、稳定的双功能电催化剂是一个具有挑战性的课题.本工作基于界面工程和空位工程,通过电沉积成功构建了一种富含氧空位的异质结催化剂.所制备的催化剂V_O-Co(OH)₂/CoN在碱性电解质中具有良好的双功能催化活性和稳定性,在10 mA cm^-2条件下,析氢反应的过电位为52 mV,析氧反应的过电位为206 mV,且其全水分解电压仅为1.518 V.更重要的是,实验和密度泛函理论计算都证实了V_O-Co(OH)₂/CoN优异的双功能活性归因于异质界面和氧空位的协同催化.在异质界面附近,一个Co原子和一个氧空位共同形成一个活性Co空位对,通过改变反应路径协同促进水分解.氧空位不仅作为活性位点直接参与催化过程,还能有效调节电子密度,提高催化剂的导电性.本工作对于指导高性能催化剂的设计和深入了解催化机理具有重要意义.     

分级FeCoNi磷化物的计量设计及其高效析氧性能（英文）

过渡金属磷化物是电催化设计中的新兴材料,而多元金属磷化物因其能显著提高电催化活性而备受关注.然而,由于不同种类金属前驱物之间水解和缩合速率的差异,当前有关超过两种金属元素和化学计量比精确控制的多元金属磷化物的报道非常少.因此,合理设计多元金属磷化物的组成对提高其催化性能具有重要意义.本工作通过直接磷化二价过渡金属离子氢氧化物的合成策略,制备了能够精确控制化学计量比(x:y:z=(1-10):(1-10):1)的分级结构Co_xNi_yFe_zP,其中具有最优组分的Co_1.3Ni_0.5Fe_0.2P在析氧反应(OER)中展示了优异的催化活性和高稳定性.密度泛函理论计算表明,相对于其他组分的过渡金属磷化物,Co_1.3Ni_0.5Fe_0.2P在费米能级附近的态密度明显增加,这可以增强催化剂对OH^-的吸附,从而提升OER性能.     

水热合成镍铜复合磷化物及其电催化析氢与肼氧化性能

以镍网(NM, Nickel Mesh)为基体、NaH₂PO₂·H₂O为磷源、CuSO₄·5H₂O为铜源、NiSO₄·6H₂O为镍源, 采用一步水热法合成镍铜磷复合电催化剂, 对制备工艺进行优化, 并通过不同方法进行形貌、结构、组成和电催化性能表征。结果表明：当溶液中镍、铜、磷的配比为8: 1 :20时, 在140 ℃水热合成24 h, 制得主晶相为Ni₂P和Cu₃P、具有三级微纳结构的镍铜磷复合电催化剂。在电流密度为10 mA·cm ^-2时, NiCuP/NM的催化析氢及肼氧化过电势分别为165和49 mV; 在双电极体系中, 同电流密度下的分解槽压仅为0.750 V, 催化24 h后分解槽压几乎保持不变, 展现出优异的催化稳定性。无论三电极体系还是双电极体系均表现出优异的催化活性。分析认为, 电催化活性面积为空白镍网的近14倍, 为电催化过程提供了大量的活性位点; 掺入P改变了Ni、Cu原子的电子结构, 提高了材料的本征肼氧化活性, 两者的协同作用促进了电催化活性的提升。本研究为纳米尺度的合成提供了一个新的视角, 有望推动新型纳米孔结构材料在燃料电池和传感器应用中的发展。     

碳化钼电解水析氢催化剂的性能调控研究进展

氢气作为一种绿色、可持续的能源,有望代替传统的化石能源。电解水产氢是氢能可持续发展的理想途径。发展非贵金属电催化剂,提高电催化析氢反应(HER)效率,成为目前面临的主要问题。碳化钼因具有较好的电催化析氢活性和优异的稳定性,得到了广泛的关注。本文综述了近几年碳化钼电催化剂电解水产氢的研究进展,重点分析了提高其电催化析氢性能的一些方法,并对碳化钼的性能调控研究进行了展望。     

硅电极表面镍钨磷合金电沉积及其析氢性能

Ni-W-P合金薄膜具有优良的催化析氢性能和耐蚀性.通过在半导体p型Si上恒电流沉积Ni-W-P合金薄膜,制备出Ni-W-P合金修饰的半导体p型Si电极.用SEM和XRD对合金薄膜的表面形貌、组成和结构进行了表征,以电极的阴极极化曲线对其催化析氢和光电催化析氢性能进行评价.结果表明:W,P质量分数分别为26.71%和0.95%的纳米晶合金修饰的p型Si电极具有优良的催化析氢性能和显著的光电析氢活性.     

低电负性阴离子掺杂调控钴酸锌的电子结构以提高析氧反应活性（英文）

电子结构和电导率是析氧反应活性的重要描述符,它们可以通过掺杂来调节.鉴于金属掺杂通常会减少电催化剂的活性位点数量,本工作探究了阴离子掺杂对尖晶石钴酸锌(ZCO)电子结构及其析氧活性的影响.与三价钴为主的ZCO相比,用电负性较低的硫取代氧会提高低自旋态(t_2g⁶e_g¹)二价钴的占比,其析氧活性要高于低自旋态的三价钴(t_2g⁶e_g⁰).掺硫钴酸锌(ZCO-S)中钴离子和阴离子之间的电子密度的再分布导致了二价钴的增多,而且钴和硫离子间的强共价作用也会加速电荷迁移.ZCO-S在1.65伏(相对于可逆氢电极)下的比活性比原始ZCO高11倍.相反,掺入具有较高电负性和价态的氟(F)并不能有效地改善电子结构,最终导致材料析氧活性的降低.本工作建立了所掺阴离子的电负性与钴酸锌本征析氧活性之间的联系,并提供了一种通过掺杂不同电负性的阴离子来调控尖晶石氧化物的电子结构的简单有效的方法,这为合理设计高性能尖晶石电催化剂提供了新途径.     

铂修饰二氧化钛纳米片的制备及其光电催化析氢反应研究

利用静电吸附作用在二氧化钛纳米片上负载铂原子制备了两种不同形态的铂催化剂。SEM、XRD、TEM测试结果表明, 改变铂负载量可以调控铂的形貌结构。在低Pt负载(0.2wt%)下, 铂原子主要是半径约2 nm的纳米簇, 当Pt负载量增加到1wt%时, 铂原子在二氧化钛纳米片上堆积成纳米颗粒。调控Pt负载量和纳米结构, 可以显著提高二氧化钛纳米片催化析氢反应的活性。在AM1.5太阳光照射下, 两种催化剂的塔菲尔斜率都小于100 mV/dec, 分别为56和90 mV/dec。与TiO₂-Pt1%催化剂相比, TiO₂-Pt0.2%具有更理想的金属-半导体界面, 有利于光生电子迁移至铂纳米簇表面, 因而具有更高的催化活性。本实验为研究更加高效的铂催化剂和其他光电催化剂提供了新的途径。     

Bimetallic Ni–Mo nitride@C3N4 for highly active and stable water catalysis

Non-noble metal electrocatalysts for water cracking have excellent prospects for development of sustainable and clean energy. Highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are very important for various energy storage and conversion systems such as water splitting devices and metal‒air batteries. This study prepared a NiMo₄@C₃N₄ catalyst for OER and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by simple methods. The catalyst exhibited an excellent OER activity based on the response at a suitable temperature. To drive a current density of 10 mA·cm⁻² for OER and HER, the overpotentials required for NiMo₄@C₃N₄-800 (prepared at 800 °C) were 259 and 118 mV, respectively. A two-electrode system using NiMo₄@C₃N₄-800 needed a very low cell potential of 1.572 V to reach a current density of 10 mA·cm⁻². In addition, this catalyst showed excellent durability after long-term tests. It was seen to have good catalytic activity and broad application prospects.     

非晶Nd-Ni-B/NF稀土复合电极材料的制备及其析氢性能

本研究采用简单的一步化学沉积法制备非晶纳米Nd-Ni-B/NF稀土复合电极并研究其析氢(Hydrogen evolution reaction, HER)性能。通过各种测试方法对纳米电极材料进行物相分析和形貌表征,并探索其电催化析氢性能和稳定性。结果表明, 稀土Nd可提高电极的电催化析氢性能, 当硝酸钕浓度为3 g?L^-1时, 恒温35 ℃下施镀1 h, 制备的Nd-Ni-B/NF电极析氢性能最佳。Nd-Ni-B/NF(Nickel foam)电极在1.0 mol?L^-1KOH 溶液中, 20 mA?cm^-2电流密度下的析氢过电位仅为180 mV, Tafel斜率为117 mV?dec^-1, 析氢反应由Volmer-Heyrovsky步骤控制。此外, Nd-Ni-B/NF电极具有优越的电化学稳定性, 在持续电解12 h或2000次循环伏安测试后, 催化剂的活性没有明显衰减。     

氮掺杂碳纳米纤维包覆超细碳化钼/氮化钼异质结构用于碱性条件下电催化析氢

高效非贵金属催化剂对于推进析氢反应(HER)的大规模工业化至关重要.碳化钼(Mo₂C)因其类似铂的能带密度和优良的中间产物吸附特性,有望替代贵金属基材料成为具有前景的催化剂.然而,它在常规制备过程中存在严重的晶体过度生长和团聚问题,导致催化效率低.本研究利用三聚氰胺辅助法制备了含有丰富表面和界面的超细碳化钼/氮化钼(Mo₂C/Mo₂N)异质结构,并同时将其嵌入到氮掺杂碳纳米纤维(CNFs)中.Mo₂C/Mo₂N异质结构的协同作用与超细纳米晶表面暴露的丰富活性位点共同提高了电催化活性,而氮掺杂碳纳米纤维框架保证了快速的电荷转移和良好的结构稳定性.此外,原位形成的Mo₂C/Mo₂N晶体与碳基质之间存在较强的界面耦合作用,进一步提高了电子电导率和电催化活性.得益于这些优势,Mo₂C/Mo₂N@N-CNFs在碱性溶液中表现出优异的电催化析氢性能,在电流密度10 mV cm^-2时具有75 mV的低过电势,优于单相Mo₂C@N-CNFs对比样以及近期报道的Mo₂C/Mo₂N基催化剂.这个合成方法集成了异质结构、纳米化和碳修饰策略,为设计高效率电催化材料提供了新的参考.     

非晶Co-W-B/碳布复合电极材料的制备及其电解水催化性能

通过湿化学还原在碳布(CC)表面沉积非晶Co-W-B催化活性物质,制备一种自支撑Co-W-B/碳布(Co-W-B/CC)复合电极材料。电化学研究结果表明,Co-W-B/CC材料在NaOH溶液(1 mol/L)中表现出良好的电解水催化性能。制备过程中[WO₄^2-]/([WO₄^2-]+[Co²⁺])比值为50%的Co-50W-B/CC样品其催化活性最高：10 mA/cm²时的OER过电位为0.394V,OER过程的Tafel斜率为96.8 mV/dec;-10 mA/cm²时的HER过电位为0.098 V,HER过程的Tafel斜率为117.4 mV/dec。对电化学阻抗的分析结果表明,本征催化活性和电化学活性面积两者的提高,使Co-50W-B/CC样品在较低的电流密度下具有与贵金属基材料相近的催化活性。     

NiS/Ni3S2@NiWO4纳米阵列用于构造能量密度创新高的全固态混合超级电容器

混合型纳米电极材料的合理设计及合成对于其不同的应用具有重要意义,尤其是对于可用于下一代电动汽车和电子设备供电的高效纳米结构超级电容器(SCs)储能器件.本文报道了一种简便可控合成核-壳Ni₃S₂@NiWO₄纳米阵列的方法,并将其用于混合超级电容器的独立电极.在5 mA cm^-2的条件下,所制备的Ni₃S₂@NiWO₄独立电极表现出高达2032μA h cm^-2的面积容量;即使电流密度增至50 mA cm^-2,其容量保留率仍为63.6%.更重要的是,在功率密度为3.128 mW cm^-2时,该Ni₃S₂@NiWO₄纳米阵列混合超级电容器仍表现出1.283 mW h cm^-2的最大能量密度;而在能量密度为0.753 mW h cm^-2时,该超级电容器表现出的最大功率密度为41.105 mW cm^-2.此外,该混合超级电容器在连续10,000次循环后仍能保持89.6%的原始容量,从而进一步证明其优异的稳定性.本研究为合理设计各种核壳金属纳米结构提供了便捷途径,有助于促进其在高性能储能器件领域的广泛应用.     

Optimizing the Electronic Structure of Atomically Dispersed Ru Sites with CoP for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in both Alkaline and Acidic Media

Developing efficient and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) over a wide pH range and industrial large-scale hydrogen production is critical and challenging. Here, a tailoring strategy is developed to fabricate an outstanding HER catalyst in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes containing high-density atomically dispersed Ru sites anchored in the CoP nanoparticles supported on carbon spheres (NC@Ru_SA-CoP). The obtained NC@Ru_SA-CoP catalyst exhibits excellent HER performance with overpotentials of only 15 and 13 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² in 1 m KOH and 0.5 m H₂SO₄, respectively. The experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that the strong interaction between the Ru site and the CoP can effectively optimize the electronic structure of Ru sites to reduce the hydrogen binding energy and the water dissociation energy barrier. The constructed alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolyze (AAEMWE) demonstrates remarkable durability and an industrial-level current density of 1560 mA cm⁻² at 1.8 V. This strategy provides a new perspective on the design of Ru-based electrocatalysts with suitable intermediate adsorption strengths and paves the way for the development of highly active electrocatalysts for industrial-scale hydrogen production.     

IrPd Nanoalloy-Structured Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Efficient and pH-Universal Water Splitting

The lack of high efficiency and pH-universal bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) hinders the large-scale production of green hydrogen. Here, an IrPd electrocatalyst supported on ketjenblack that exhibits outstanding bifunctional performance for both HER and OER at wide pH conditions is presented. The optimized IrPd catalyst exhibits a specific activity of 4.46 and 3.98 A mg_Ir⁻¹ in the overpotential of 100 and 370 mV for HER and OER, respectively, in alkaline conditions. When applied to the anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, the Ir₄₄Pd₅₆/KB catalyst shows a stability of >20 h at a current of 250 mA cm⁻² for water decomposition, indicating promising prospects for practical applications. Beyond offering an advanced electrocatalyst, this work also guides the rational design of desirable bifunctional electrocatalysts for HER and OER by regulating the microenvironments and electronic structures of metal catalytic sites for diverse catalysis.     

Highly Robust Non‐Noble Alkaline Hydrogen‐Evolving Electrocatalyst from Se‐Doped Molybdenum Disulfide Particles on Interwoven CoSe2 Nanowire Arrays

Developing efficient non‐noble and earth‐abundant hydrogen‐evolving electrocatalysts is highly desirable for improving the energy efficiency of water splitting in base. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is a promising candidate, but its catalytic activity is kinetically retarded in alkaline media due to the unfavorable water adsorption and dissociation feature. A heterogeneous electrocatalyst is reported that is constructed by selenium‐doped MoS₂ (Se‐MoS₂) particles on 3D interwoven cobalt diselenide (CoSe₂) nanowire arrays that drives the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with fast reaction kinetics in base. The resultant Se‐MoS₂/CoSe₂ hybrid exhibits an outstanding catalytic HER performance with extremely low overpotentials of 30 and 93 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm^–2 in base, respectively, which outperforms most of the inexpensive alkaline HER catalysts, and is among the best alkaline catalytic activity reported so far. Moreover, this hybrid catalyst shows exceptional catalytic performance with very low overpotentials of 84 and 95 mV at 10 mA cm^–2 in acidic and neutral electrolytes, respectively, implying robust pH universality of this hybrid catalyst. This work may provide new inspirations for the development of high‐performance MoS₂‐based HER electrocatalysts in unfavorable basic media for promising catalytic applications.     

Graphene Decorated with Uniform Ultrathin (CoP)x–(FeP)1–x Nanorods: A Robust Non‐Noble‐Metal Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution

Developing high‐performance but low‐cost hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts with superior activity and stability for future sustainable energy conversion technologies is highly desired. Tuning of microstructure, configuration, and chemical composition are paramount to developing effective non‐noble electrocatalysts for HER. Herein, a universal “nanocasting” method is reported to construct graphene decorated with uniform ternary (CoP)_x –(FeP)_1?x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanorods hybrids with different chemical compositions [(CoP)_x –(FeP)_1?x –NRs/G] as a highly active and durable nonprecious‐metal electrocatalyst for the HER. The optimized (CoP)_0.54–(FeP)_0.46–NRs/G electrocatalyst exhibits overpotentials of as low as 57 and 97 mV at 10 mA cm^?2, Tafel slopes of 52 and 62 mV dec^?1, exchange current densities of 0.489 and 0.454 mA cm^?2, and Faradaic efficiency of nearly 100% in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. More importantly, this electrocatalyst also exhibits high tolerance and durability in a wide pH range and keeps catalytic activity for at least 3000 cycles and 24 h of sustained hydrogen production. The excellent catalytic performance of the (CoP)_x –(FeP)_1?x –NRs/G electrocatalyst may be ascribed to its unique mesoporous structure and strong synergistic effect between CoP and FeP. Thus, the work provides a feasible way to fabricate cheap and highly efficient electrocatalyst as alternatives for Pt‐based electrocatalysts for HER in electrochemical water splitting.