柑橘皮渣抑菌成分提取工艺研究

以柑橘皮渣粗提物中具有抑菌作用的类黄酮和类柠檬苦素为研究对象,进行正交试验优化,得最佳操作条件为:温度30℃,用90%的乙醇溶液按固液比1:6加入到柑橘皮渣中,摇床转速200 r/min连续提取8h得柑橘皮渣粗提物.此粗提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌具有良好的抑菌作用,抑菌圈的直径分别是5.9、5.7、6.0mm.     

柑橘皮渣的功能组分及加工应用现状

文章主要对柑橘皮渣中的特色功能组分及其抗氧化、抑菌消炎、降糖降脂等生理活性功能进行了综述,总结了目前国内外柑橘皮渣的加工利用现状,探讨了柑橘皮渣综合加工利用的技术方案,并展望了柑橘皮渣未来的开发利用方向。     

蓝莓皮渣花色苷粗提物的抗氧化性

从蓝莓加工废弃物-皮渣中提取花色苷粗提物,研究花色苷粗提物清除超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基、羟自由基和抗脂质氧化、还原力等活性。结果表明:蓝莓皮渣花色苷粗提物对超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基、羟自由基的清除率和还原能力随着添加浓度的增大而升高。花色苷粗提物的羟自由基抑制率在同等浓度下与标准抗氧化剂VC相近、对脂质的抗氧化作用比标准抗氧化剂BHT和VC表现出更好的活性,但花色苷粗提物显著低于同浓度VC对DPPH自由基的清除率。通过与VC、刺梨多糖的协同作用分析发现,VC对蓝莓皮渣花色苷粗提物具有更好的协同作用。因此,蓝莓皮渣花色苷粗提物具有一定的还原能力、较强的抗脂质过氧化能力,并对自由基具有较强的清除效果,为贵州省蓝莓皮渣的综合开发及新型食品添加剂的研制及进一步推广应用提供了依据。     

蓝莓皮渣花色苷抑菌活性及抑制癌细胞增殖作用研究

以乙醇为溶剂从蓝莓果皮中提取得到蓝莓皮渣花色苷,采用高效液相色谱分析蓝莓皮渣花色苷组分,以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌三种细菌为代表,用牛津杯法考察其抑菌效果,初步确定蓝莓皮渣花色苷的抑菌谱,采用两倍稀释法确定其最低抑菌浓度。采用MTT法检测不同质量浓度花色苷抗结肠癌、胃癌、肝癌细胞增殖活性。蓝莓皮渣花色苷对三种细菌都有抑制作用,其MIC分别为0.63、0.63、1.25 mg/m L。蓝莓皮渣花色苷对三种癌细胞都具有一定的抑制率,其抑制结肠癌、胃癌、肝癌的IC50分别为7.54、13.34、21.05μg/m L。蓝莓皮渣花色苷甘具有一定的抑制细菌和癌细胞增殖的效果,对于开发研制新型抗癌药物具有重要的理论和实际意义。      

柑橘皮渣发酵饲料研究

柑橘皮渣是柑橘加工业的主要副产物,约占鲜重的45%～60%,通过发酵处理可以成为优良的动物饲料,本文主要研究了柑橘皮渣发酵的最佳条件.     

柑橘活性成份及皮渣再利用研究进展

综述了柑橘加工副产物皮渣中生物活性成分的研究概况与应用前景,介绍柑橘皮渣中活性成分的检测方法、提取方法研究现状,讨论分析各方法优缺点。最后简述柑橘皮渣加工、有益物质再利用情况,分析现有柑橘皮渣再利用技术难点所在。     

柑橘皮渣生物转化燃料乙醇的研究进展

利用柑橘皮渣生物转化燃料乙醇是一种生产乙醇的安全可再生的方法。以柑橘皮渣为原料,通过酶或酸进行水解成可发酵糖液,利用糖酵解途径发酵乙醇的微生物将其转化为乙醇,提取脱水到99.5%浓度即得到燃料乙醇。这旨在解决柑橘产业大量副产物皮渣造成的环境污染资源浪费,同时生产乙醇作为枯竭的石油能源替代品。柑橘皮渣转化乙醇中,D-柠檬烯严重抑制微生物发酵,但合理控制各种影响因素可达到较高的乙醇产量。文中对柑橘皮渣生物转化燃料乙醇的过程及影响因素等进行了综述。     

柑橘皮渣综合利用技术研究进展

综述利用柑橘皮渣中提取香精油、果胶、色素、生理活性物质、膳食纤维等有效成分以及生物转化作饲料、柠檬酸等方面的综合利用技术进展,并对我国柑橘皮渣加工综合利用提出建议.     

柑橘皮渣发酵饲料研究

柑橘皮渣是柑橘加工业的主要副产物,约占鲜重的45%～60%,通过发酵处理可以成为优良的动物饲料,本文主要研究了柑橘皮渣发酵的最佳条件。      

体外模拟消化对蓝莓皮渣粗提物抗氧化成分及其活性的影响

采用体外模拟消化的方法对蓝莓皮渣粗提物进行试验,测定在模拟消化过程中抗氧化成分及其活性的变化规律,为今后开发利用蓝莓皮渣资源提供参考依据。以蓝莓加工的副产物-果皮渣为原料,采用体外模拟消化法,分析经模拟胃肠消化后其花色苷、多酚、黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性的变化情况。结果表明,模拟胃消化后,粗提物组的花色苷、多酚、黄酮及抗氧化活性显著提高(p0.05),在胃消化30 min活性成分释放量达到最大值,而对照组的多酚和花色苷含量与消化前变化无显著差异(p0.05),但胃酸对黄酮释放有一定促进作用。经模拟肠消化后,粗提物组的抗氧化活性物质及总抗氧化活性在消化2.0 h~3.0 h后均达最大值,但抗氧化作用略低于模拟胃消化的活性,可能由于多酚和花色苷的含量降低。本试验结果可为进一步提高蓝莓皮渣的深加工附加值,开发该类功能性食品提供试验依据。     

蛋白质水解度测定方法综述

对目前国内外常用的蛋白质水解度测定方法进行了综述，其中pH—state方法是通过滴定水解过程中释放的质子测定DH；OPA、TNBS及国内常用的水合茚三酮和甲醛等测定方法是利用游离氨基的反应测定DH。     

SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES OF ORIGIN OF SAUSAGE MEATS

SUMMARY: A partially purified immunoglobulin G (lgG) solution prepared from the serum of species to be tested was heated to the specifications for sausages. The resulting supernatant fluid was decanted and the precipitate washed with saline and used to immunize rabbits. The supernatant fluid was used to sensitize tanned sheep red blood cells. The immune serum was rendered monospecific by absorptions with heterologous, heated lgG precipitates. A sample of monospecific immune serum was absorbed with a washed homogenate of sausage. Aliquots of the monospecific immune serum, both untreated and sausage absorbed, were tested with cells sensitized with the homologous heated lgG supematant fluid. A significant reduction of titer by sausage absorption indicated that the sausages contained the meat homologous to the immune serum.     

聚多元羧酸盐的合成及应用

研究了聚多元羧酸盐的合成方法及反应机理,将其应用于洗涤剂和PVC制品中分别代替三聚磷酸钠和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,证明有良好效果。     

BASIS OF STABILITY OF AMINE SALTS OF LINOLEIC ACID

SUMMARY— The mechanism and generality of the known stabilization against autoxidation conferred on linoleic acid by certain basic amino acids, such as lysine and arginine, was investigated. Basic amino acids were the only class of compounds found to confer the effect. However, the smallest basic amino acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, was not effective, nor was αβω-diaminc acid, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, although a simple isomer of lysine. The stabilization was observed only in the solid phase. Inclusion of sodium chloride in the solid matrix was deleterious to the effect. A large number of physical and chemical observations were made and correlated but it has not been possible to draw detailed conclusions about the mechanism of stabilization, nor can a detailed structure of the stabilized complex be suggested. The cause of the phenomenon appears to be closely associated with the physical arrangement of the ions in the crystal lattice.     

STABILITY OF AQUEOUS EMULSIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS

Hop oil emulsions prepared from different varieties of hops have been found to exhibit enhanced physical stability on the addition of blends of the emulsifiers Span 20/Tween 80 or Span 60/Tween 60. Examination of the particle size and volume distributions of an emulsion by use of a Coulter Counter was found to be an excellent method of monitoring its stability. An indication as to the relative efficiency of emulsifiers can be obtained from Coulter Counter measurements on hop oil emulsions after storage for 4 days. The use of an ultracentrifuge provies a rapid means of testing emulsion stability and hence the effectiveness of emulsion stabilizers.     

百年风尚

一场流光溢彩、赏心悦目的展览,一段百年风尚演进的传奇旅程,一次东西方文化艺术的完美对话。2013年9月13日,“博萃臻艺一中西方珍宝艺术展”在辽宁省博物馆举行了隆重的开幕仪式,法兰西共和国驻华大使白林女士、辽宁省文物局局长丁辉先生、辽宁省博物馆馆长马宝杰先生、卡地亚全球总裁兼首席执行官邓阁仕先生、卡地亚区域行政总裁（北亚洲）陆慧全先生、卡地亚中国区首席执行官陆意斯先生、辽宁省文物店总经理张春鹰先生,以及众多文化界与文博界的贵宾齐聚一堂,共同见证了这场文化艺术盛事。     

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF LYSOZYME

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.     

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINS OF CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING FERMENTATION

The lengths of chains of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied during fermentation. Pitching yeast generally contained about half of the total number of cells as two-celled chains. The chain lengths varied during the subsequent fermentation and the variations were characteristic of the strain. Electronic counting assessments of chain length were unreliable.     

EFFECTS OF TYPES OF FAT AND OF RATES AND TEMPERATURES OF COMMINUTION ON DISPERSION OF LIPIDS IN FRANKFURTERS

ABSTRACT— The effect of time, temperature and rpm of comminution of emulsions was determined on the dispersion of approximately 25% of beef fat, pork fat or cottonseed oil in frankfurters. The numbers of lipid particles 5 μ or less in diameter increased in frankfurters containing either beef or pork fat as comminution was continued to higher temperatures, with pork fat dispersed more thoroughly. Fat tended to separate from frankfurters containing beef fat in particles 200 μ or more in diameter. In contrast, no specific degree of dispersion of particles 5 μ or less in diameter consistently indicated emulsion stability, or its lack. Increased rpm during comminution produced an increased dispersion of beef or pork fat. Under the same conditions pork fat was dispersed more finely than beef fat. Dispersion of cottonseed oil produced finely dispersed particles beyond the resolution of light microscopy, as was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed a substantial number of particles to be less than 1 μ in diameter.     

矩阵乘积的行式,列式

给出了ｍ×ｍ矩阵与ｍ×ｎ矩阵的行（列）式的表达式．若Ａ＝ａ１１ａ１２…ａ１ｍａ２１ａ２２…ａ２ｍ……ａｍ１ａｍ２…ａｍｍＢ＝ｂ１１ｂ１２…ｂ１ｎｂ２１ｂ２２…ｂ２ｎ……ｂｍ１ｂｍ２…ｂｍｎ分别是ｍ×ｍ，ｍ×ｎ矩阵，则｜Ａ｜｜Ｂ｜＝｜ＡＢ｜＋∑ｉ１＜ｉ２＜…＜ｉｔｊ１＜ｊ２＜…＜ｊｔ１≤ｔ≤ｍｎ－ｔ≥ｍＮＢｉ１ｉ２…ｉｔｊ１ｊ２…ｊｔＮＡＢ１…ｍ（－１）ｓｔ＋１ｊｔ＋１…（－１）ｓｎｊｎ其中ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｔ是１，２，…，ｍ中ｔ个数码；ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｔ＋１，…，ｊｎ是１，２，…，ｎ的一个排列；ｓｒ＝π（ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ）（ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ）是排列ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ的反序数．