重质油的氢碳原子比与核磁共振氢谱之间关系的研究

对炼油厂的催化油浆、重催油浆和催化重焦蜡进行元素和核磁共振分析 ,研究其氢碳原子比与核磁共振氢谱之间的关系。结果表明 ,核磁共振氢谱中 0 5～ 2 ppm、1～ 2 ppm、2～ 4ppm、6～ 9ppm区间的氢分率与重质油的氢碳原子比存在着较好的线性关系 ,其相关系数≥ 0 .96 ,氢碳原子比的计算值与实测值的平均误差≤ 3.6 0 %。     

减压渣油与超临界亚组分的结构参数计算

用改进的Ｂｒｏｗｎ－Ｌａｄｎｅｒ方法计算了６种国内与２种国外减压渣油及其以正戊烷为溶剂，在超临界条件下切割出的各馏分的平均分子结构参数。结果表明，超临界流体对减压渣油分离效果很好，抽出油与抽余油的分子特征差异明显。沙特减压渣油的各项分子结构参数与辽河渣油相近，而阿曼减压渣油的总体性质与华北渣油相似。     

减压渣油及其组分热转化前后平均结构参数的变化

 以胜利减压渣油、孤岛减压渣油、大庆减压渣油为原料,在高压釜中进行热转化反应。反应温度为405 ℃,反应时间为1 h。将渣油及热转化残渣油分离成6个组分,对渣油及其组分的平均结构参数进行分析、计算。结果表明,热转化后残渣油六组分中的戊烷沥青质组分(n-C5At)的含量比原料减压渣油六组分中的戊烷沥青质组分含量明显增加,其他组分（F1~F5）的含量均比原料减压渣油中相应组分的含量有所降低。热转化残渣油中各组分的相对分子质量、H/C摩尔比及总碳原子数均比原料渣油中相应的组分降低。而热转化后残渣油各组分的缩合指数和芳碳率比原料渣油中的要高。     

减压渣油供氢剂临氢减粘裂化的研究(二)

本工作研究了反应条件对渣油转化的影响、供氢剂的供氢机制以及供氢剂临氢减粘裂化的反应动力学。结果表明,供氢剂临氢减粘裂化的220～470℃馏分收率高于供氢剂减粘裂化过程。此外,供氢剂临氢减粘裂化服从于一级反应,其表观活化能为162.0kJ/mol。     

波纹管结构参数对传热性能影响

分别以不同规格的波纹管为模型,应用FLUENT软件对湍流流动状态下波纹管内的传热进行模拟,分析了流体流动状态和波纹管几何结构参数对传热系数的影响。结果表明,波纹管的壁面平均传热系数随着入口雷诺数的增加而增大;与光滑管相比,在低雷诺数的情况下,波纹管传热强化效率随雷诺数的增大而增大,而随着雷诺数的进一步提高,波纹管的强化传热效果逐步减弱;当波纹管的外径与内径的比值在1.25~1.40时,其传热强化效果最好。     

大庆混合蜡油氢含量关联式的推导

许多有化学反应的石油加工过程 ,都是原料与产品氢含量平衡的过程 ,即在这些过程中 ,原料油的氢含量应该等于产品的氢含量。氢平衡计算的主要作用有两个方面 :一是能够准确地检验物料平衡和产品产率数据的可靠性。二是氢平衡可以准确地检验优化计算的可靠性。由于催化裂化独特的工艺复杂性 ,其产品结构具有相当大的可调灵活性。因此 ,在总的原料含氢量的范围内 ,根据优化的目标 ,通过优化计算后 ,可以得到最高汽油收率、最高轻柴油收率、最高轻质油收率等。因而 ,氢平衡就成为可用于检验和评价该过程的一项重要指标。求取油品氢含量的方法有…     

基于神经网络的储层参数预测方法及应用

储层参数预测在油气勘探与开发中发挥着重要作用。采用神经网络法对储层参数进行预测,建立储层参数(储层砂岩厚度和孔隙度)与目的层地震波属性之间的联系,这种联系是通过人工神经网络来实现的。以地震波属性为输入,储层参数为输出,并以测井资料作为约束条件,指导神经网络学习,进而进行储层参数预测。实际资料处理结果表明,该方法预测的储层孔隙度与砂岩厚度是可靠的。     

结构参数对双锥旋流器压降比和分流比的影响

通过试验研究双锥油水分离旋流器的压降比和分流比两个无因次参数之间的关系，以及结构参数对两者关系的影响，发现压降比和分流比的关系仅与旋流器的结构参数有关，与操作参数无关；压降比和分流比的关系是非线性的，其非线性程度随溢流口直径的减小而增强，当分流比较小时近似处理为线性会造成较大误差；尾管直径比对压降比和分流比关系曲线的起点和变化趋势影响较大；进口尺寸对压降比和分流比关系曲线的起点影响很大，对其变化趋势影响较小；小锥对压降比和分流比关系曲线的起点影响较明显，对其变化率影响不大，大锥则仅对变化率略有影响。     

Evaluation of Atmospheric and Vacuum Residues Using Molecular Distillation and Optimization

The term atmospheric residue describes the material at the bottom of the atmospheric distillation tower having a lower boiling point limit of about 340°C; the term vacuum residue (heavy petroleum fractions) refers to the bottom of the vacuum distillation, which has an atmospheric equivalent boiling point (AEBP) above 540°C. In this work, the objective is to evaluate the behavior of different kinds of Brazilian atmospheric and vacuum residues using molecular distillation. The Falling Film Molecular Distillator was used. For the results obtained through this process, a significant range of temperature can be explored avoiding the thermal decomposition of the material. So these results are very important to the refinery decisions and improvements. The Experimental Factorial Design results showed that the temperature has more influence on the process than the feed flow rate, when a higher percentage of distillate is required.     

Structural Characterization of Asphaltenes and Ethyl Acetate Insoluble Fractions of Petroleum Vacuum Residues

Asphaltenes and insoluble fractions of vacuum residues (VRs) of two Indian crude oils (viz. Heera and Jodhpur) of different specific gravity were obtained by precipitation of VRs in n-hexane, n-heptane, and ethyl acetate, and also by subsequent reprecipitation of n-heptane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions by n-pentane. The effect of various solvents on average molecular structure of asphaltenes and insolubles was studied using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The asphaltenes and insolubles of Jodhpur VR have higher amounts of high molecular weight species with a high concentration of condensed and substituted aromatic rings, branched and/or short alkyl side chains, oxygen and nitrogen functionalities, compared to that of Heera VR. Ethyl acetate insolubles comprise a higher number of substituted aromatic structures, branched aliphatic structures, complex average unit structures, nitrogen and oxygen functionalities, and high molecular weight (MW) species as compared to hexane and heptane asphaltenes. Heptane insolubles consist of more naphthenic rings condensed with aromatic rings than C6A and EAI.     

原油减压渣油馏分的油-水界面性质ⅩⅢ.减渣馏分分子参数与其模拟乳状液的稳定性

采用相对分子质量测定、元素分析、紫外光谱和红外光谱等手段,确定了大庆减压渣油与伊朗重质减压渣油的分子参数,并考察了两个系列减压渣油馏分的模拟乳状液的稳定性。在此基础上,采用复合变量分析探讨了减压渣油馏分的各分子参数之间的关系,以及这些分子参数与模拟乳状液稳定性的关系。结果表明,减压渣油馏分不同的分子参数对其模拟乳状液稳定性的影响不同,其中馏分的相对分子质量、稠环芳香结构的含量、脂肪烃相对含量、羰基相对含量对模拟乳状液的稳定性影响最明显。一般情况下,馏分的相对分子质量越大、稠环芳香结构和羰基含量越高,则乳状液越稳定。     

Maltenes and Asphaltenes of Petroleum Vacuum Residues: Physico-Chemical Characterization

Solvent separation is frequently applied to petroleum vacuum residues to reduce the coke-forming tendencies of these materials. This process is capable of removing all or a substantial amount of asphaltenes from feedstocks that are destined for further processing and thus applied as the first step of refining. Maltenes and asphaltenes obtained from vacuum residues of Heera (HVR) and Jodhpur (JVR) Indian crude oils using n-hexane, n-heptane, and soluble and insoluble fractions obtained using ethyl acetate, were characterized for elemental analysis, molecular weight, conradson carbon residue (CCR), specific gravity, and pour points. The resulting degree of removal of asphaltenes ranged from 10-28 wt% of the HVR and 25-50 wt% of the JVR. The increasing trend of the American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity and the decreasing trend of CCR and pour point are observed with the increase in removal of asphaltenes.     

Maltenes and Asphaltenes of Petroleum Vacuum Residues: Physico-Chemical Characterization

Abstract

Solvent separation is frequently applied to petroleum vacuum residues to reduce the coke-forming tendencies of these materials. This process is capable of removing all or a substantial amount of asphaltenes from feedstocks that are destined for further processing and thus applied as the first step of refining. Maltenes and asphaltenes obtained from vacuum residues of Heera (HVR) and Jodhpur (JVR) Indian crude oils using n-hexane, n-heptane, and soluble and insoluble fractions obtained using ethyl acetate, were characterized for elemental analysis, molecular weight, conradson carbon residue (CCR), specific gravity, and pour points. The resulting degree of removal of asphaltenes ranged from 10–28 wt% of the HVR and 25–50 wt% of the JVR. The increasing trend of the American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity and the decreasing trend of CCR and pour point are observed with the increase in removal of asphaltenes.     

减压渣油胶体稳定性的分子模拟研究

分子结构特性决定分子间相互作用,进而决定其溶解性能。通过分子模拟研究减压渣油不同结构分子的分子间相互作用、互溶性及由此导致的渣油胶体稳定性。研究表明,芳环数目越多、烷基侧链越短的分子结构内聚能密度越大,溶解度参数越大。在渣油体系中,沥青质、重胶质分子聚集形成胶核,饱和烃、芳香烃、轻胶质分子形成连续相。胶质分子结构影响其胶溶性能,侧链长度适中的胶质分子,其与沥青质、芳香分互溶性好,胶溶性能优异;沥青质的聚集程度随胶质分子含量的增加而降低。芳香分、胶质分子的协同作用使沥青质、饱和烃分子稳定存在于同一体系中,因此渣油胶体稳定性取决于不同分子结构的连续性和配伍性。     

焦化蜡油结构族组成的预测

提供了焦化蜡油的部分物性分析数据,并对焦化蜡油的结构族组成进行了分析研究,提出了用焦化蜡油的碳氢原子比（Ｃ／Ｈ）、密度和折射率来预测焦化蜡油结构族组成的方法,并与ｎ ｄ Ｍ法进行了比较,结果表明该预测结果优于ｎ ｄ Ｍ法。     

氧化深度对减压渣油组分及其硫分布的影响

用双氧水对中海油惠州炼油分公司减压渣油(ZHVR)进行氧化处理,以傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析氧化前后硫化物形态,以渣油四组分分析方法测定了氧化剂添加量对氧化前后渣油中饱和分、芳香分、胶质和沥青质4种组分含量及其硫分布的影响.结果表明:ZHVR中的硫化物以硫醚和噻吩类为主,氧化处理后...     

Investigation on the Chemical Composition and Structure of Daqing Vacuum Residue Narrow Fractions

The Daqing vacuum residue (DQVR) was separated into 14 narrow fractions by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Fractionation (SFEF). The contents of element, metal, molecular weight, density, carbon residue of the narrow fractions were measured. Structure parameters were calculated by Densimetric method. Characterization index K_h, and boiling point of narrow fractions were proposed to characterize the fractions and predict their properties. On the basis of the analysis results, the knowledge of Daqing vacuum residue was extended. There will be a big potential use for the DQVR as catalytic stocks.     

Investigation on the Chemical Composition and Structure of Daqing Vacuum Residue Narrow Fractions

Abstract

The Daqing vacuum residue (DQVR) was separated into 14 narrow fractions by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Fractionation (SFEF). The contents of element, metal, molecular weight, density, carbon residue of the narrow fractions were measured. Structure parameters were calculated by Densimetric method. Characterization index K _h , and boiling point of narrow fractions were proposed to characterize the fractions and predict their properties. On the basis of the analysis results, the knowledge of Daqing vacuum residue was extended. There will be a big potential use for the DQVR as catalytic stocks.