碳化铬基自润滑耐磨涂层材料的制备及表征

采用碳化铬、镍铬合金、氟化物共晶体和银的复合粉末为原料,通过等离子体喷涂方法制备高温耐磨自润滑涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜对粉末材料和涂层的微观组织结构进行分析,并对其摩擦性能分析、研究。结果表明:分别采用镍铬合金润湿碳化铬、银包覆氟化物共晶体的方法有效的降低了等离子体喷涂过程中的脱碳、烧损问题。与国外相同材料组分的碳化铬基自润滑涂层相比,涂层具有孔隙率低、自润滑组分(氟化物、银)分布均匀、摩擦系数为0.18~0.20等特点。     

离子源辅助电弧离子镀制备MoSx自润滑涂层

以Ar为输送气体,H_2S为S源,纯金属Mo为Mo源,采用中空阴极弧光离子源结合电弧离子镀系统,在单晶Si(100)和硬质合金衬底上制备MoSx自润滑涂层,系统研究H_2S流量对MoSx自润滑涂层结构及性能的影响,为电弧离子镀技术制备MoSx自润滑涂层积累实验数据。结果表明,H_2S流量对MoSx自润滑涂层的晶体结构、硬度及摩擦因数具有明显影响。随H_2S流量升高,MoSx自润滑涂层中Mo晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,没有明显的硫化物结晶相,MoSx涂层硬度逐渐减小,摩擦因数也逐渐减小,且均小于0.35(对磨材料硬质合金)。H_2S可以作为S源通过中空阴极离子源离化作用为MoSx自润滑涂层的制备提供S元素;电弧离子镀制备出的MoSx自润滑涂层为金属Mo纳米晶粒与非晶MoS、MoS_2组成的纳米复合结构。     

无铅自润滑铜/铁基层状复合材料设计与研究

基于多层自润滑复合材料的设计方法,设计出铜/铁基粉末层状自润滑复合材料;进行了铜合金无铅化研究,采用粉末冶金工艺制备出无铅自润滑铜/铁基粉末层状复合材料,研究了其摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:无铅自润滑铜/铁基粉末层状复合材料具有较好的自润滑性能,可以替代目前大量使用的含铅铜合金自润滑材料,其研究结果对研发新一代高性能金属基...     

HVOF喷涂超细WC-12Co耐磨涂层微观组织结构及性能研究

采用超细碳化钨和草酸钴为原料通过喷雾干燥造粒、氮气保护烧结、氢气还原等工艺得到WC-12Co超细热喷涂粉末材料.通过超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)制备超细WC-12Co耐磨涂层.通过扫描电子显微镜对制备的WC-12Co超细热喷涂粉末材料及超细结构耐磨涂层的微观组织结构进行分析.对制备的超细结构耐磨涂层的结合强度、硬度进行表征.结果表明制备的WC-12Co超细热喷涂粉末材料适合于超音速火焰喷涂制备超细WC-12Co耐磨涂层,制备的超细WC-12Co耐磨涂层性能优异.     

专利信息

一种陶瓷涂层的制备方法　本发明公开了一种陶瓷涂层的制备方法,涉及化工、环境和材料加工领域,以陶瓷粉末为原料,采用冷喷涂方法制备陶瓷涂层,特别是制备氧化钛光催化涂层。若以氧化钛块体粉末或氧化钛团聚粉末为原料,采用冷喷涂在基体上沉积二氧化钛涂层。按本发明制备的Ti O2涂层,能够在小于600℃的条件下形成涂层,可以将原始粉末的结构与性能较好地移植到涂层中,尤其是在纳米结构涂层制备和高性能光催化涂层制备方面具有突出地优越性。该方法工艺简单、生产成本低廉、可控性好、对基体影响小。本发明的实施将可以制备结构与性能更加优…     

YPSZ纳米结构热喷涂粉末材料制备机理及模型研究

采用纳米颗粒浆料进行喷雾干燥、热处理的方法制备适合于热等离子体喷涂纳米结构涂层的YP-SZ纳米结构粉末原料,等离子体喷涂制备涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜、X-ray衍射分析仪、热重—差热分析对YPSZ纳米结构热喷涂粉末材料制备过程机理进行分析研究。阐明了YPSZ纳米结构热喷涂粉末材料的制备原理,得出了此过程的机理模型。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆固体自润滑涂层

综述了激光熔覆技术在钛合金表面制备固体自润滑涂层的研究现状。采用激光熔覆技术可以在钛合金表面制备出具有优异减摩性能的固体自润滑涂层,其减摩效果与所选用的激光器、熔覆材料的成分配比、添加剂的添加方式等有密切关系。最后指出了今后该技术的发展方向:1开发高水平的激光熔覆设备;2开发新型熔覆材料体系,使其能应用于不同的环境和很宽的温度范围中;3开发多层涂层、智能涂层(如自修复功能)和梯度涂层;4对激光表面熔覆处理过程进行数值模拟,实现激光熔覆过程的定量控制。     

耐磨自润滑涂层材料的研究

为了使零件具有良好的摩擦磨损性能,本文以Ni为基体,石墨和MoS_2为自润滑相,研究表明:使用Ni包覆粉末大大阻止了喷粉过程中的MoS_2和石墨自润滑相在有氧环境中的氧化,涂层能够实现自润滑功能。     

铝代铅新型铜基自润滑材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用粉末松装烧结法,以A1代替Pb制备新型无铅铜基自润滑材料,研究Al含量(w(Al)为2％～12％)对该材料摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:随着Al含量增加,材料硬度逐渐降低,摩擦因数呈现先降低后增加的趋势.当Al质量分数为6％时,该材料在油摩擦环境下(载荷50 N,转速900 r/min)的摩擦因数为0.089 85,磨痕宽度为1 095 μm,摩擦面较光滑、平整,具有较好的摩擦磨损性能,且自润滑层与钢背的结合强度较高;实验结果表明用Al替代Pb制备新型无铅铜基自润滑材料是可行的,为绿色环保双金属自润滑材料的研究提供了参考依据.     

Cr2AlC/Ni5Al复合涂层组织及性能研究

采用无压烧结的方式制备纯Cr₂AlC(MAX相)粉末,将其作为Ni5Al粉体材料的增强相。采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备不同Cr₂AlC含量的Cr₂AlC/Ni5Al自润滑复合涂层,对涂层的组织和性能进行了分析,重点研究了复合涂层的摩擦性能。结果表明：涂层整体致密,各组分间表现出良好的润湿性,Cr₂AlC显著提高了复合涂层硬度。10%Cr₂AlC-Ni5Al的复合涂层具最低的摩擦因数和磨损率,分别为0.45、1.82×10^-5mm³/(N·m),该涂层表面裂纹明显减少,Al₂O₃的自愈合特性起到了很好的保护作用。随着Cr₂AlC含量的增多,涂层孔隙率增加导致了复合涂层摩擦学性能降低。     

Design and optimisation of charging ingredients and structure in an ironmaking system (Part II)

In order to maximise the reduction of pig iron cost in an ironmaking process, and at the same time ensure the output and quality of the pig iron, a design and optimisation system for the charging ingredients and structure in an ironmaking system was established using metallurgical theory. The system includes six modules, namely, sinter metallurgical performance testing and analysis, sintering burdening design, sinter component and property prediction, blast furnace burdening design, blast furnace batching calculation and ironmaking system burden optimisation. Based on actual production, testing and material balance theory, the system integrated these modules on VB and MATLAB using a series of intelligent algorithms, such as the BP neural network, multiple objective linear programming, genetic algorithms and so on. As a result, the optimum burden composition and structure of the sinter and blast furnace that satisfied all the constraint conditions could be obtained. Standing as a pinnacle of the global ironmaking production, the system can design and optimise not only the sintering burden, but also the blast furnace burden. Compared with the traditional production testing and hand calculation in the ironmaking system, the project can greatly reduce the production risk and greatly increase the calculation accuracy. Industrial application shows that the system is especially beneficial to reduce the ironmaking cost and at the same time ensure the output and quality.     

Impressions of psychotherapists' offices.

For counseling settings, research suggests that softness, personalization, and order might affect the experience and the perceived expertness, trustworthiness, and social attractiveness of the therapist. This article discusses exploratory studies on college students' perception of the counseling office environment and whether the likely client experience was associated with the softness/personalization and order of the office. As stimuli, the studies used 30 color photographs of psychotherapists' offices viewed from the client's perspective. After obtaining ratings of the characteristics of each office, we obtained ratings from different groups of students of the quality of care and comfort expected in each office (Study 1) and how qualified, bold, and friendly the therapist in the office would be (Study 2). Additional studies examined the likelihood of choosing a therapist based on the office, and the first thought or feeling that came to mind about the office, the therapist, and the patient experience. There were strong correlations in response between groups (by whether they had experienced therapy; their level in school; their gender; and their major, location, and school size). The quality of care, comfort, therapist boldness, qualifications of the therapist, and the likelihood that one would choose a therapist based on the office improved with increases in the office's softness/personalization and order. Friendliness improved with increases in softness/personalization. The office choices, open-ended responses, and reported reasons for the ratings confirmed the importance of softness (comfort) and order. Research should test longer term exposure and behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Lunar Astronomical Observatories: Design Studies

The best location in the inner solar system for the grand observatories of the 21st century may be the Moon. A multidisciplinary team including university students and faculty in engineering, astronomy, physics, and geology, and engineers from industry is investigating the Moon as a site for astronomical observatories and is doing conceptual and preliminary designs for these future observatories. Studies encompass lunar facilities for radio astronomy and astronomy at optical, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. Although there are significant engineering challenges in design and construction on the Moon, the rewards for astronomy can be great, such as detection and study of Earth‐like planets orbiting nearby stars, and the task for engineers promises to stimulate advances in analysis and design, materials and structures, automation and robotics, foundations, and controls. Fabricating structures in the reduced‐gravity environment of the Moon will be easier than in the zero‐gravity environment of Earth orbit, as Apollo and space‐shuttle missions have revealed. Construction of observatories on the Moon can be adapted from techniques developed on the Earth, with the advantage that the Moon's weaker gravitational pull makes it possible to build larger devices than are practical on Earth.     

C. Shaler Smith

Smith was one of the premier bridge builders of the post-Civil War period. He started his bridge building career under Albert Fink on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. During the Civil War, he designed and built a powder factory for the Confederacy at Augusta, Ga. After the war, he formed Smith and Latrobe Co. and later The Baltimore Bridge Company with Benjamin and C. H. Latrobe. He worked closely with James Eads on the St. Louis Bridge and designed and built the long iron easterly approach to the bridge. He designed and built some of the major viaducts, swing, and fixed span bridges in the United States, Australia, and Peru, and finally innovative cantilever bridges over the Kentucky, Mississippi, and St. Lawrence Rivers.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锰铁合金、锰硅合金和金属锰中8种微量元素

锰铁合金、锰硅合金、金属锰中铅、砷、钛、铜、镍、钙、镁、铝的含量决定了产品质量,以往常采用化学法或原子吸收光谱法进行测定,但存在准确度较差或测定速度不能满足要求等问题。为了实现上述元素的准确、快速测定,建立了采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定锰铁合金、锰硅合金和金属锰中微量铅、砷、钛、铜、镍、钙、镁、铝的方法。实验以硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解样品,并使硅与氢氟酸反应生成四氟化硅挥发除去,试液中剩余共存元素主要有铁、锰等。实验结果表明,铁不干扰测定,通过在标准溶液系列中进行锰基体匹配消除锰基体效应的影响。以2mL高氯酸和6mL盐酸混合酸(8%)作为分析介质,可以达到最佳分析效果。在各元素校准曲线线性范围内,线性相关系数在0.9992~0.9999之间;方法中各元素的检出限在0.0001~0.0040μg/mL。实验方法用于测定锰铁合金、锰硅合金、金属锰中铅、砷、钛、铜、镍、钙、镁、铝,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)在2.2%~9.4%;回收率在95%~105%;选择7个实验室进行了验证试验,各实验室间结果基本一致;按照实验方法测定了4个标准样品(材字-32、YSB C 28618、YSB C 26605)中铅、砷、钛、铜、镍、钙、镁、铝,结果与认定值相吻合。     

烧结全过程节能减排智能控制方法分析

研究提出了烧结全过程节能减排大气污染物治理的模式和方法,根据物质流和能源流节点特征把烧结工序分成烧结源头系统、过程系统、末端处理系统。采用“双平衡”约束方法进行深度置信网络进行配料-成矿预测模型的训练,实现源头配料的智能控制,通过调整优化燃料配比,从源头上降低燃料消耗及污染物排放。基于深度神经网络进行了风箱负压和温度预测耦合模型的构建,降低了烧结过的程电能消耗。根据源头和过程污染物产生的信息调节末端脱硝还原剂使用量,最终建立了烧结全过程的节能减排智能辅助诊断决策系统。该系统在应用中固体燃料消耗降低18.9%,电能消耗减少21.9%, NO_x减少排放43.6%,SO₂减少排放14.0%,颗粒物减少20.1%,节能减排效果显著。     

Development Model for Competitive Construction Industry in the People’s Republic of China

This paper identifies and analyzes the open-policy trend of the Chinese construction industry, which is characterized by trade liberalization, the underlying principle of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Compared to the construction industries in the United States, Japan, and the U.K., the construction industry in China is less developed in its legal framework, industrial structure, technological level, and international market share. To develop a competitive construction industry, the Chinese construction industry needs not only to accommodate appropriate international practice, but also to adapt and adopt it according to the market environment in China. A model to enhance the performance of the Chinese construction industry is proposed. The model consists of six modules: defining government’s role, opening up the construction market and establishing a competitive mechanism, promoting design institutes’ services and empowering professional bodies, encouraging technological innovations, upgrading employees’ educational level, and adopting multiprocurement routes. Recognizing China’s recent accession to the WTO and the attendant boost to its economy and industry development, the paper gives a timely evaluation of the post-WTO Chinese construction industry and proposes a model for its development. The model may serve the needs of academics, Chinese construction policymakers, construction enterprises, design institutes, and foreign contractors.     

Review of Attachment in psychotherapy.

Reviews the book, Attachment in psychotherapy by David J. Wallin (see record 2007-05421-000). This intellectual and clinical tour-de-force is what we have been waiting for: a book that is on the one hand a coherent, creative, thoughtful, and remarkably integrated view of contemporary psychoanalysis, with attachment, and attachment processes, at its core, and on the other a reflection on our daily, complex, work with patients. The book has three broad aims: first, to ground the reader in attachment theory and research, second, to broaden the reach of attachment theory by building bridges to other aspects of contemporary psychoanalytic theory and science, and third to apply this broader, deeply psychoanalytic, clinical attachment theory to understanding the dynamics of an individual patient and the dynamics of clinical work. This book should be essential reading for anyone interested in contemporary psychoanalysis. Few writers have the ability to write so directly and clearly about complex science and theory; his scholarship and reach are extraordinary. This book is also a book for therapists at all levels of experience. Throughout every section of the book, Wallin writes about his work with patients, about the therapeutic process, about the therapeutic situation, and about the therapeutic relationship, in all its complexity. In the end, he creates a truly contemporary vision of human development, affect regulation, and relational processes, grounded in the body and in the brain, and in the fundamental relationships that make us who we are, as therapists, as patients, and as human beings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

矿产资源科学开采及其复杂性研究

在“碳达峰”、“碳中和”的目标背景下,绿色低碳、清洁高效成为资源开采的新要求,也对科学开采这一复杂系统问题的研究提出了新的方向。阐述了矿产资源开采理念的发展演化,综述了近年来国内外在科学开采方面的研究现状,构建了安全、高效、绿色、低碳、经济、科学管理“六位一体”的科学开采体系,丰富了科学开采的内涵和框架。从复杂科学问题的判断标准、科学开采体系的特征两方面进行推断,得出科学开采属于复杂问题,承载科学开采复杂问题的系统是复杂系统。以复杂科学的思路研究科学开采的复杂性,构建科学开采复杂系统模型,从顶层设计、中层连接和底层基础3个层次思考了实现科学开采的新途径,为实现矿产资源的科学开采提供了新的发展方向。