UV-LED喷墨油墨用单体和光引发剂性能的评估

目的 为了建立评估方法,优选出适用于UV-LED固化喷墨油墨的光引发剂和低粘度单体种类。方法 用紫外-可见光分光光度计表征TPO, ITX, DETX, 819, 784, TPO-L等常见的6种光引发剂的紫外-可见吸收光谱。采用TPO为引发剂,分别用HDDA, ACMO, DPGDA, EOEOEA, DMAA等5种常用的低粘度单体,配制UV-LED喷墨油墨用连接料和油墨,用红外光谱和可见光透过光谱表征连接料的固化速度和固化膜的颜色,并通过指压法判定表干程度。结果 DMAA, EOEOEA组成的喷墨油墨连接料成膜性不好;含有ACMO连接料的透明度较好。结论 满足食品、药品包装安全要求,可以用于UV-LED固化的光引发剂为TPO, TPO-L及819;以粘度和固化程度为标准,用于制作喷墨油墨的5种单体的适用性从高到低排序为DPGDA, HDDA, ACMO, EOEOEA, DMAA。建立的评估方法合理有效。     

单体对UV-LED固化光油性能的影响

目的研究单体对UV-LED固化光油性能的影响,并为正确选择单体配制印刷适性良好的UV-LED固化光油提供理论依据。方法主要通过控制预聚物、光引发剂和助剂的种类和比例不变,加入相同数量的不同种类的单体,分别制备光油样品,测试光油的粘度、表面张力和固化速度以及光油固化膜的附着力和柔韧性。结果不同单体对UV-LED固化光油的性能有不同的影响,采用复配单体,TMPTA和HDDA的质量比为3∶7时,UV-LED固化光油综合性能优异,符合市场上对光油的要求。结论单体对UV-LED固化光油的粘度和固化速度影响较大,对光油固化膜的附着力和柔韧性也有很大的影响。     

UV 丝网印刷油墨制备及性能研究

通过设计不同配方,制备了UV丝网印刷油墨,研究了预聚物、光引发剂、活性稀释剂、颜料的种类和含量对UV绿色油墨的固化时间、附着力、柔韧性和耐溶剂性能的影响。研究结果表明:聚酯丙烯酸酯和聚氨酯丙烯酸酯组成的复合预聚物体系,使UV油墨具有优良的性能;当预聚物复合体系质量分数为51%,其中聚酯丙烯酸酯和聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的质量比为4∶1,Darocur1173质量分数为7%,绿色颜料为4%,活性稀释剂HD-DA为33%时,UV油墨的综合性能最佳。     

UV自由基固化油墨的研究

合成了环氧丙烯酸酯及聚氨酯丙烯酸酯作为UV固化油墨的预聚物,提出引发剂与颜料选择匹配的波长窗口概念,并完成4个主要颜色的油墨配方优化,其固化性能基本达到国外通用型性能标准.     

LED-UV环保油墨的研究进展

研究LED-UV油墨在国内外的研究现状,包括LED-UV油墨制备配方及方法,光引发剂及预聚物的改性研究,以及光引发剂与颜料的"光谱窗口"的匹配研究等。提出在夺氢型光引发剂中加入小分子巯基化合物,缓解光氧阻聚作用;合成超支化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯作为LED-UV油墨的预聚物,实现UV油墨在LED光源下迅速固化;以及光引发剂与颜料"光谱视窗"研究方向等。     

低粘度紫外光固化竹木基涂料的研制

用一缩二乙二醇与E-44环氧树脂反应,得到的改性环氧树脂再与丙烯酸反应,制备了适于配制竹木基涂饰的紫外光固化的改性环氧丙烯酸酯预聚物。讨论了催化剂种类对环氧树脂转化率及产物粘度的影响,催化剂用量对改性环氧树脂丙烯酸酯化的影响,及光引发剂种类对固化速度的影响。最终制得的改性环氧丙烯酸酯光固化涂料比改性前的性能良好。     

基于钢管标识用UV油墨的研制

研制了钢管标识用UV油墨,通过探讨预聚物、单体、光引发剂组分对UV油墨粘度、固化速度、附着力和柔韧性能的影响,研究得出了最佳油墨配方(质量分数)为:PUA-2为29.8%,AR为37.3%,HDDA为16.10%,YFJ-S为2.20%,分散剂为2.7%,TiO2为6.4%,消泡剂为1.3%。该条件下配制的油墨粘度为1.8Pa.s,固化时间60 s,附着力等级为3级,柔韧性好,是一种性能优异的钢管标识印刷用UV油墨。     

光聚合法合成印刷电路板保护涂料的研究

采用光聚合法合成丙烯酸酯预聚物,然后在预聚物中加入交联单体、复合光引发剂、活性胺等制备印刷电路板(PCB)保护涂料。研究了本体光聚合的最佳反应时间,讨论了在光聚合条件下预聚物、功能单体、交联剂等对涂膜性能的影响。对光聚合产物进行了热重分析、红外光谱测试和表征。结果表明,在紫外光照射下的最佳预聚合反应时间为60s,单体转化率可达60%;当构成光敏预聚物的光聚合单体丙烯酸丁酯(BA)∶丙烯酸异冰片酯(IBOA)∶丙烯酸(AA)=6∶4∶1(wt,质量),后期加入的交联单体为18%(wt,质量分数,下同),复合光引发剂为3%,活性胺为2%时,涂料固化后各项性能最佳。     

用于PE材料印刷的UV固化油墨的研制

研制了用于PE材料印刷的UV固化油墨,探讨了预聚物、活性单体、光引发剂对UV油墨的固化速度、附着力及耐溶剂性的影响,得出了油墨的最佳配方(以质量分数计)为:PUA 25%,PEA 25%,TMPTA 15%,NPGDA 15%,TPO 6%,炭黑8%,消泡剂3%,分散剂3%。按该配方配制的油墨,固化时间仅需8s,附着力等级为3级,耐溶剂性能良好,是一种适宜于PE基材印刷的UV固化油墨。     

光引发剂对UV喷墨油墨固化过程流变行为的影响

UV喷墨油墨由颜料、预聚物、活性单体、光引发剂及各种助剂组成,光引发剂是影响UV喷墨油墨固化的关键因素之一。为了研究光引发剂对油墨固化需要的能量及固化速度的影响,使用TPO、907、ITX3种引发剂,运用配方设计原理制备了7种青色油墨,用紫外光照射使油墨固化,测试油墨样品在受到紫外光照射时发生固化反应过程中的流变学行为,通过测试油墨样品的动态弹性率G’、损耗弹性率G”等流变学参数随固化程度而变化的规律,探讨用流变学参数评价UV喷墨油墨固化速度的方法。研究结果表明：含有907和ITX的引发剂体系出现凝胶的时间短,固化快,对实验所制备油墨的引发效果最佳。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from