新型含硫阴离子表面活性剂物化性能研究

本文研究了一类新型含硫阴离子表面活性剂（Ｒ－ＳＥＳ）的物化性能，包括表面张力、临界胶束浓度、泡沫性、润湿性、乳化性和分散性。结果表明，这是一类性能优良的表面活性剂。     

腐植酸阴离子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以风化煤中提取的黑腐植酸、黄腐植酸和腐植酸钠盐为原料,进行磺甲基化反应制备阴离子表面活性剂。研究了投料比、反应温度、反应时间等对产品性能的影响。结果表明:腐植酸阴离子表面活性剂合成的最佳工艺条件为腐植酸、羟甲基磺酸钠质量比为3∶1,温度90℃,反应时间4 h;在此条件下,磺甲基化黑腐酸、黄腐酸、腐植酸钠1%水溶液的表面张力分别为45.343、59.156、48.662 mN/m,溶解百分比分别为98.2%、99.5%、91.5%,发泡性能一般。     

阴离子表面活性剂与阳离子表面活性剂的相互作用(Ⅰ)--表面活性

通过临界胶束浓度(cmc)、最低表面张力(γcmc)、表面吸附(Γ)、表面膜强度和表面润湿等,介绍了阴/阳离子表面活性剂混合溶液的表面活性。阴/阳离子表面活性剂混合溶液,消除了同电荷之间的斥力,形成了正、负电荷间的引力,十分有利于两种表面活性剂离子间的缔合,同时还增加了疏水性。因此,在适宜条件下,可以使胶团更容易形成,表面(或界面)上吸附量增加,使得复配溶液具有很低的表面和界面张力,提高表面活性。不仅等摩尔比的混合溶液的cmc和γcmc显著下降,非等摩尔混合也使cmc减小、γcmc降低。等摩尔混合溶液表面吸附层分子摩尔比近于1∶1,其他不同比例时,表(界)面层摩尔比在大多数情形中仍接近1∶1。吸咐层呈等比组成时达到最大电性吸引,表(界)面吸附量趋于饱和。与此同时,由于吸附层中分子间静电吸引力的较强相互作用,还使得表面膜机械强度增加,并表现出良好的润湿性能。     

阴离子表面活性剂溶液泡沫性能与静态力学模型研究

采用Ross-Miles法测定了不同质量分数十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(AS)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)的起泡性能;探讨了溶液表面张力与起泡性能之间的关系;并对SDS与椰子二乙醇基酰胺(Emp6501)复合体系进行了研究。结果表明,复合体系的起泡能力均大于单一组分,具有较好的协同性能。针对SDS溶液泡沫体系,建立了泡沫微观静态力学模型,探讨了液膜内的静电势能与泡沫稳定性的关系。     

可分解型磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂的分解性能研究

用气相色谱对系列含 1,3 二氧杂环戊烷基团的可分解磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂〔3 (2 烷基 1,3 二氧杂 4 环戊基甲氧基 )丙磺酸钠 ,烷基 =庚基 (HDMPS) ,壬基 (NDMPS) ,十一碳烷基(UDMPS)〕在 2 5℃c(HCl) =0 1mol/L水溶液中的分解反应进行了研究 ,结果表明该分解反应为准一级反应 ,三者的速率常数k和半衰期t1/ 2 分别为 :(1)k/h-1:1 0 87、0 838、0 714;(2 )t1/ 2 /h :0 6 38、0 82 7、0 936。     

阴离子表面活性剂复配体系的匀染性能研究

当烷基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钾、缩甲醛四烷基萘磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠及蓖麻油硫酸化钠的质量比为2．0：1．0：1．3：1．0：1．0时，对羊毛匀染性具有最佳效果，在pH为1的酸性溶液中稳定。与国外同类产品进行比较，在纯水和染浴中的渗透时间及起泡消泡性基本相当，分别是1．2min～1．3min和1．3min～1．4min(参照物)；起泡性分别是2mL～6mL和1．5mL～5．0mL(参照物)；消泡性分别为0．5mL～3．5mL和0mL～3mL(参照物)。同等条件下，该混合物的表观色深值和色差值分别为29．4和0．72，参照物分别为23．60和1．82。表明上述阴离子表面活性剂之间具有良好的协同效应，其混合物对羊毛上染具有好的匀染性和较高的上染率。     

几种阴离子表面活性剂生物降解性评价

采用BOD5/COD来评价阴离子表面活性剂的生物降解性,研究了接种物预处理方法、来源、接种量对阴离子表面活性剂生物降解性的影响,优化了降解条件,比较了常见阴离子表面活性剂的生物降解性。结果表明,LAS、AES、MES的生物降解顺序为MESAESLAS,28天生物降解率分别为MES 84%、AES70%、LAS 66%,28天生物降解率达到了OECD 301F大于60%的要求。     

以顺酐为原料的阴离子表面活性剂

1.概况 表面活性剂是二次世界大战后,随着石油工业的迅速发展而兴起的新型化学品。它是精细化工的重要门类之一,由于它具有独特的物理化学性质,使产品具有洗涤、润湿、渗透、增溶、乳化、分散等性能,而被广泛用于人民生活和工业的各个领域,随着应用范围的扩大,世界各国表面活性剂的发展速度非常快,80年代以来,世界表面活性剂的年平均增长率为6％。 我国表面活性剂是50年代发展起来的其年增长速度远高于世界平均增长速度,     

葡萄糖型阴离子表面活性剂的合成、表征及起泡性能

以葡萄糖、十二胺和乙醛酸为原料制备了一种葡萄糖型阴离子表面活性剂,采用吊片法、临界胶束浓度法和改进的Rss-Miles法对产物的表面张力、HLB值和起泡性进行了测试,并以傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、元素分析表征了产物的结构。结果表明,合成的葡萄糖型阴离子表面活性剂的表面张力为39.82 m N/m,其临界胶束浓度为0.031 mmol/L,HLB值为16.46;同时合成的葡萄糖型阴离子表面活性剂具有良好的起泡性和稳泡性。     

阴离子表面活性剂在制革工业中的应用

简要介绍了表面活性剂的分类,综述了其在制革生产工序中常用的羧酸盐、磺酸盐、硫酸酯盐和磷酸酯盐型阴离子表面活性剂的结构和性能,着重阐述了阴离子型表面活性剂在浸水、脱脂、脱毛、脱灰、染色、加脂、涂饰等工序中的应用。     

环境中阴离子表面活性剂检测方法研究进展

概述了阴离子表面活性剂给水环境带来的危害,深入分析了目前阴离子表面活性剂的主要测定方法以及各优缺点,并对今后检测方法的改进方向进行了介绍,指出联用技术将成为未来水环境中阴离子表面活性剂检测的主要技术。     

Ion-chromatographic characterization of ethoxylated anionic surfactants

Alkyl ether sulfates (AES), analyzed by nonsuppressed or single-column ion chromatography with conductivity detection, generate profiles that are characteristic of the ethoxylate content. Identification of ethoxylation content was accomplished by calculating the slope of the log of the peak area for each homologue vs. the number of ethoxyl groups in the homologue. Quantitation of ethylene oxide content as well as quantitation of mixed alkyl sufates in the presence of AES in mixed surfactant systems is possible. Raw materials require only dilution in mobile phase, while finished products must be subjected to a solid-phase extraction by means of a reverse-phase cartridge and an ion-pair reagent. The chromatogram of the anionic surfactant yields the moles of ethoxylation and the characterization of the ethoxyl chain distribution. Anionic surfactant mixtures in products are identified and quantitated by reference to AES raw materials with a similar slope.     

New anionic alkylaryl surfactants based on olefin sulfonic acids

A new family of anionic surfactants has been produced by the simultaneous sulfonation and alkylation of aromatic compounds using olefin sulfonic acid(s). This new process does not require the conventional alkylation unit and the strong acid catalysts, such as AlCl₃ or HF, normally used for alkylation. The resulting alkylaryl sulfonic acids differ from existing prodeucts by having the sulfonate group attached to the alkyl chain rather than the aromatic ring. This allows for further derivatization of the aromatic compounds by leaving more positions open on the ring. Aromatic compounds that lend themselves to the new process include benzene, toluene, xylene, alkylbenzenes, phenol, alkylphenols, alkoxylated phenols, alkoxylated alkylphenols, alkoxylated alkylphenol/formaldehyde resins, naphthalene, and alkylnaphthalenes. Any type of olefin that can be sulfonated can be used as the starting material. These include internal and α-olefins, linear and branched olefins, polyolefins, and vinylidenes. Mono- and disulfonated compounds, as well as geminitype surfactants, are easily prepared.     

Comparative study on foaming and foam stability of multiple mixed systems of fluorocarbon,hydrocarbon, and amino acid surfactants

This study focuses on the effect of amino acid surfactant (sodium lauroyl glutamate [SLG]) on foam properties of a mixture of fluorocarbon (FS-50) and hydrocarbon (APG0810) surfactants. The molecular interactions, foamability, and foam stability of the surfactant solutions are systematically studied. The results show that SLG has stronger ability to lower surface tension of water compared to APG0810, but worse that than FS-50, and to adsorb onto gas/liquid interface in mixed solutions with FS-50 compared to APG0810. The addition of SLG increased foamability of APG0810/FS-50 mixed solution, and decelerated foam drainage and coarsening of individual APG0810, individual FS-50, and mixture of APG0810/FS-50 solutions. The mixture of SLG/FS-50 exhibited the higher foamability and foam stability than the frequently used critical component of the new developed AFFF, the mixture of APG0810/FS-50. This study can provide guidance for the scientific application of amino acid surfactants in the development of environmentally friendly firefighting foams.     

Comparative study of corrosion inhibition by three anionic surfactants in an acidic environment

Corrosion in carbon steel units of chemical, petrochemical and oil and gas plants poses safety and economic concerns. The goal of our study is to investigate the corrosion inhibition effectiveness of an environmentally benign surfactant, namely sodium lauroyl lactylate (SLL), in comparison to sodium cocoyl glutamate (SCG) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl was markedly inhibited by 0.05 and 0.1 M of the anionic surfactant SLL, as determined from weight loss over 96 h, at ambient conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SLL adsorbed at the carbon steel surface, forming a protective film that decreased corrosion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that carbon steel surfaces immersed in 1 M HCl for 96 h had an etched appearance without SLL, whereas they retained their smoothness with 0.1 M SLL. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements confirmed that SLL passivated carbon steel surfaces, markedly increasing the polarization resistance R_p from ≈95 to ≈20,694 Ω cm² over a 12 h period. In contrast, without SLL, R_p decreased from ≈92 to ≈12 Ω cm². These results demonstrate for the first time that the environmentally friendly surfactant SLL is an efficient corrosion inhibitor in extreme environments such as 1 M HCl solutions. Dissimilar to SLL, SCG and SDS were not effective in inhibiting corrosion.     

异构十醇聚氧乙烯醚与阴离子表面活性剂复配体系的性能研究

对异构十醇聚氧乙烯醚(IC_(10)EO_n)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯(2)醚硫酸钠(C_(12~14)E_2S)的水溶性进行分析,研究了LAS和C_(12~14)E_2S对异构十醇聚氧乙烯(8)醚(IC_(10)EO_8)浊点的影响,同时考察了IC_(10)EO_8与LAS和C_(12~14)E_2S复配体系的润湿力、泡沫性能、去污力等。结果表明,在25℃下,当IC_(10)EO_n的EO加合数为3,8和9时可与水以任意比例互溶,不会形成凝胶;在IC_(10)EO_8与LAS和C_(12~14)E_2S的复配体系中,当LAS和C_(12~14)E_2S的质量分数大于0.6%时,浊点迅速上升;IC_(10)EO_8与LAS和C_(12~14)E_2S的质量比在3∶1~1∶3范围内,复配体系的润湿性能优于单一表面活性剂,当IC_(10)EO_8与LAS和C_(12~14)E_2S的质量比为1∶1时,润湿性能最佳;IC_(10)EO_8的泡沫性能较差,随着阴离子表面活性剂的含量增加,复配体系起泡力逐渐增强,泡沫稳定性呈不规则变化;加入一定量的阴离子表面活性剂可提高IC_(10)EO_8的去污力。     

氨基黑10B-十六烷基溴化吡啶光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

在pH 8.10的NH4Cl-NH3.H2O缓冲介质中,将十六烷基溴化吡啶(CPB)与氨基黑10B(AB)溶液混合,在该溶液中加入阴离子表面活性剂(a-SAA),溶液颜色加深,最大吸收波长在614 nm、618 nm处,在此波长处,a-SAA的浓度与溶液的增色程度呈良好线性关系,从而建立阴离子表面活性剂的光度测定法。在最大吸收波长处,3种阴离子表面活性剂——十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SLS)及十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的浓度分别在0~2.15×10-5mol/L、0~2.10×10-5mol/L、0~2.10×10-5mol/L内遵守比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为1.42×104L/(mol.cm)、1.24×104L/(mol.cm)、1.20×104L/(mol.cm),检出限分别为9.81×10-7mol/L、1.02×10-6mol/L、1.03×10-6mol/L。     

Mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants with single and twin head groups: Adsorption and precipitation studies

This research reports on the adsorption and precipitation of mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants having single and twin head groups. The surfactant mixtures investigated were: (i) a single-head anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), in a mixture with the twin-head cationic surfactant pentamethyl-octadecyl-1,3-propane diammonium dichloride (PODD)—adsorption was studied on negatively charged silica; and (ii) a twin-head anionic surfactant, sodium hexadecyl-diphenyloxide disulfonate (SHDPDS), and the single-head cationic surfactant dodecylpyridinium chloride (DPCI)—adsorption was studied on positively charged alumina. Whereas the mixed surfactant system of SHDPDS/DPCI showed adsorption on alumina that was comparable to the of SHDPDS alone, the mixed surfactant system of SDS/PODD showed increased adsorption on silica as compared with PODD alone. The adsorption of the SDS/PODD mixture increased as the anionic and cationic system approached an equimolar ratio. Precipitation diagrams for mixtures of single- and twin-head surfactant systems showed smaller precipitation areas than for single-head-only surfactant mixtures. Thus, the combination of single- and double-head surfactants helps reduce the precipitation region and can increase the adsorption levels, although the magnitude of the effect is a function of the specific surfactants used.