疏水/亲油丝瓜络制备及在油水分离中的应用

为拓展丝瓜络在油水分离领域的应用,实现农业废弃资源的高值化利用,对天然丝瓜络进行碱-过氧化氢预处理,包括去除蜡质和增大比表面积;配置了纳米二氧化硅和MQ硅树脂疏水分散液,采用超声波辅助浸渍法,以预处理丝瓜络为多孔吸附载体,制得疏水/亲油丝瓜络,并测定其对植物油和水吸附性能、油水混合物的分离效率和重复利用性能。结果表明：浸渍纳米二氧化硅和MQ硅树脂的分散液后,丝瓜络对水和油的接触角分别为140.3°±6°和0°,对植物油和水吸附量分别为4.86g/g和0.28g/g,表现出良好的疏水亲油性能。改性后的丝瓜络对油和水的分离效率分别为76.5%和95.5%,表现出良好的油水分离性能。由于机械挤压破坏了网络结构及部分疏水层的脱落,经过4次过滤后,丝瓜络吸油性能有所降低,影响其重复使用性能。     

超疏水-超亲油材料在油水分离中的研究进展

综述了超疏水-超亲油油水分离材料的研究进展及其在油水分离中的应用。首先介绍了油水分离材料的特殊润湿性的基本理论和设计理念,主要包括Young方程、Wenzel模型、Cassie模型以及制备油水分离材料的两种途径。然后全面介绍了金属网膜类、纺织品类、合成膜类等二维结构的油水分离材料,以及海绵、泡沫、气凝胶等三维网络状类油水分离材料和智能型油水分离材料。最后总结了目前在油水分离这一领域存在的一些问题,主要是油水分离的基本机制和理论研究不够完善,并指出开发和研究能够分离特殊油品的材料以及智能响应性可控的油水分离材料仍然是一大挑战。     

自清洁型超疏水铜网的制备及其油水分离性能

利用碱液氧化法在铜网上生长纳米针状粗糙结构,并枝接具有pH响应性的低表面能长链硫醇分子,制备了空气中超疏水超亲油、碱性溶液中超亲水水下超疏油金属铜网。对改性金属网的表面结构、接触角、粘附力等性能进行表征。结果表明,亲水硫醇分子所占比例为20%时,改性铜网在空气中水的接触角为154.12°,粘附力为0.025 mN,对油的接触角为0°,改性铜网表面油滴在pH为12的溶液中能够自动脱附,针对不同种类油滴的油水混合物进行分离,分离效率在95%左右,并且重复使用10次后分离效率依然保持在90%以上。     

粉煤灰超疏水不锈钢网的制备及油水分离

采用树脂粘接法,将硬脂酸修饰后的粉煤灰用环氧树脂粘接在不锈钢网骨架表面,制备了超疏水不锈钢网,并对其进行了TEM、SEM、FTIR和接触角等表征。结果显示,在高倍显微镜下改性后的超疏水不锈钢网表面呈一定粗糙度的微纳米分级结构,静态水接触角高达153°。此外,该超疏水不锈钢网具有良好的机械稳定性和超疏水耐久性,其表面经机械磨损100次后水静态接触角仍高达141°。该材料用于多种油/有机溶剂与水混合液的分离中,分离效率均高于94%。     

粉煤灰超疏水不锈钢网的制备及油水分离

采用树脂粘接法,将硬脂酸修饰后的粉煤灰用环氧树脂粘接在不锈钢网骨架表面,制备了超疏水不锈钢网,并对其进行了TEM、SEM、FTIR和接触角等表征。结果显示：在高倍显微镜下改性后的超疏水不锈钢网表面呈一定粗糙度的微纳米分级结构,静态水接触角高达153°。此外,该超疏水不锈钢网具有良好的机械稳定性和超疏水耐久性,其表面经机械磨损试验100次后水静态接触角仍高达141°。该材料用于多种油/有机溶剂与水的混合液的分离中,分离效率均高于94%。     

超疏水材料在油水分离中的研究进展

石油工业产生的采出水对环境是一个重大的问题,也是对水资源的一种浪费.油田采出水中存在大量的油,为了保护环境和节约水资源,我们可以对其进行回收再利用.受到大自然的启发,仿生超疏水材料应用到了油水分离领域.在这篇综述中,主要关注在油水分离应用中超疏水材料的研究进展.基本上都是通过对表面化学成分和表面形貌之间的协同作用实现基...     

超疏水硅烷化海绵的制备及其在油水分离中的应用

以四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷与季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯作为光聚合体系反应物,通过简单浸涂和光固化巯基-烯点击反应制备了超疏水硅烷化海绵,并通过红外光谱、能谱和X射线光电子能谱等表征海绵表面光固化硅涂层结构。结果表明,所制备的硅烷化海绵具有良好的疏水性,表面静态水接触角可达(151.4±3.2)°;硅烷改性的海绵具有优异的吸附能力,吸附量可达自身质量的42.6~128.4倍。     

不锈钢网负载Al-beta分子筛涂层的制备及其在油水分离中的应用

使用二次生长法在不锈钢网表面制备了Al-beta分子筛涂层,并通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射和接触角检测对其进行了表征。Al-beta分子筛晶粒以球形呈现在不锈钢网表面,并相互交联而构成微纳双级粗糙结构,Al-beta涂层表现出超亲水和水中超疏油性质。将不锈钢网负载Al-beta分子筛涂层用于分离一系列油水混合物,并考察了其耐久性和稳定性。实验结果表明,不锈钢网负载Al-beta分子筛涂层在重复使用100次后其正己烷/水分离效率仍保持在97.1%以上,酸、碱和超声等处理对其形貌和油水分离效率几乎没有影响,具备优异的耐久性、自清洁性和稳定性,在实际油水分离过程中有很大应用潜力。     

Biodegradable,superhydrophobic walnut wood membrane for the separation of oil/water mixtures

The preparation of environmentally friendly oil/water separation materials remains a great challenge. Freeze-drying of wood after lignin removal yields wood aerogels, which can be used as substrates to prepare fluorine-free environmentally friendly superhydrophobic materials, However, they are more suitable for absorption rather than filtration applications due to their poor strength. A study using cross-sections of pristine wood chips as substrates retains the original strength of wood, but the use of the cross-sectional of wood pieces limits their thickness, strength, and size. In this paper, a degradable fluorine-free superhydrophobic film (max. water contact angle of approximately 164.2°) with self-cleaning and abrasion resistance characteristics was prepared by a one-step method using pristine and activated walnut longitudinal section films as the substrate, with tetraethyl orthosilicate as a precursor and dodecyltriethoxysilane as a modifier. The tensile strength results show that superhydrophobic films with pristine or activated wood substrates maintained the strength of pristine wood and were 2.2 times stronger than the wood aerogel substrate. In addition, after cross-laminating the two samples, the films had the ability to separate oil and water by continuous filtration with high efficiency (98.5%) and flux (approximately 1.3 × 10³ L∙m^‒2∙h^‒1). The method has potential for the large-scale fabrication of degradable superhydrophobic filtration separation membranes.     

Fabrication of a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic stainless steel mesh for oil/water separation with ultrahigh flux

Because of the increasing amount of oily wastewater produced each day, it is important to develop superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic oil/water separation membranes with ultrahigh flux and high separation efficiency. In this paper, a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic N-isopropylacrylamide-coated stainless steel mesh was prepared through a simple and convenient graft polymerization approach. The obtained mesh was able to separate oil/water mixtures only by gravity. In addition, the mesh showed high-efficiency separation ability (99.2%) and ultrahigh flux (235239 L∙m^–2∙h^–1). Importantly, due to the complex cross-linked bilayer structure, the prepared mesh exhibited good recycling performance and chemical stability in highly saline, alkaline and acidic environments.     

超疏水、自清洁氟化石墨改性不锈钢网的油水分离研究

采用环氧树脂和氟化石墨（FG）纳米片对200目（75 μm）、300目（50 μm）和400目（37.5 μm）不锈钢网进行表面修饰改性,制备出具有超疏水、自清洁性能的氟化石墨改性钢网。正己烷-水、二氯甲烷-水、正癸烷-水、间二甲苯-水及柴油-水混合物可在自身重力下迅速通过氟化石墨改性钢网实现分离,且分离效率均在99.89%以上。同时,氟化石墨改性不锈钢网还具有良好的重复使用性能和机械耐久性能,在循环使用100次以及外力作用下磨损100次后,仍保持良好的超疏水性能。     

聚结技术及其乳化油水分离性能

聚结分离是一种利用油、水两相对材料浸润性的不同而实现乳化液滴聚结长大并最终通过重力沉降实现油水分离的物理方法,这种方法结构可控性好、分离效率高、运行成本低,是乳化油水分离领域的研究热点。本文首先对聚结分离方法进行详细阐述,介绍了聚结分离原理和影响因素;总结了近年来国内外学者对聚结材料表面改性和修饰等方面的研究。通过调控聚结材料的表面具有特殊浸润性,可显著提高油水分离效率;系统介绍聚结分离器的分类及其应用。最后阐述了聚结分离技术在石油化工领域的应用。本文对聚结分离技术进行展望,指出可以进一步研究实际液滴聚结过程和分离效果影响因素,应深入研究分离器在乳化油水分离过程中液滴聚结行为、机理、控制机制将是研究的重点。     

One-step fabrication of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic cigarette filters for oil-water separation

To develop a simple and efficient way to recycle used cigarette filters, we report on a one-step method for preparing superhydrophobic and superoleophilic cigarette filters for oil–water separation. The robust coating layer on the surface of the cellulose acetate fiber, along with the inherent rough texture of the cigarette filter, could lead to its surface that displayed superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity. Water droplets can retain in spherical shapes on the modified cigarette filters, while oils were immediately absorbed by the cigarette filters with high absorption capacity. As a result, free oil–water mixtures were separated with efficiency of above 98.0% by the driving force of gravity, and water-in-oil emulsion was also separated with a promising flux of about 2500 L m^?2 h^?1. The purity of oil for the tested emulsion was above 99.96%, indicating extremely high separation efficiency. This method for the fabrication of the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic cigarette filters would be a good candidate for recycling the solid wastes and developing an economic oil–water separation material to meet emerging needs in practical applications.     

A hierarchical mesh film with superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties for oil and water separation

BACKGROUND: Solid surfaces possessing both superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties have attracted great interest for fundamental research and potential application. However, fabrication of the reported surfaces is usually time‐consuming and the wetability of the surfaces could not be achieved to the desired level in rugged environments. RESULTS: A hierarchical stainless steel mesh film comprising structures with three scales of roughness was synthesized by a simple chemical bath deposition method. After being modified with a low surface energy material e.g. Teflon, these films exhibit superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties. In this study it was demonstrated that the unique properties of the as‐prepared films match well with the requirements for the effective separation of oil and water mixtures. CONCLUSION: It was confirmed that the unique surface wetability of the surface is due to the cooperative effect of the hierarchical structures of the stainless steel mesh films and the natural low surface tension of Teflon. Furthermore, fabrication is simple and economic, and the surface exhibited robust durability even in a rugged environment. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry