室温下ZnO超疏水表面的制备及其油水分离性能

利用简便的液相法,在室温下于不锈钢网上沉积ZnO纳米片和纳米花粗糙结构,接着通过浸渍硬脂酸制备了超疏水不锈钢网.对沉积后的不锈钢网表面形貌、晶体结构、润湿性能、耐磨性能、油水分离性能等进行表征与测定.结果表明,该不锈钢网表面由纳米片和纳米花组成的微纳米结构ZnO构成,具有超疏水性,水接触角为161°;油水分离效率达98...     

室温下ZnO超疏水表面的制备及油水分离性能

利用简便的液相法,在室温下于不锈钢网上沉积ZnO纳米片和纳米花粗糙结构,接着通过浸渍法修饰低表面能物质硬脂酸,制备了超疏水不锈钢网。对沉积后的不锈钢网表面形貌、晶体结构、润湿性能、耐磨性能、油水分离性能等进行表征与测定。结果表明,该不锈钢网表面由纳米片和纳米花组成的微纳米结构ZnO构成,具有超疏水性,水接触角161 °;油水分离效率达98%,循环使用20次后分离效率仍保持在95.5%以上;具有良好的机械耐磨性,在高盐环境中表现出化学稳定性。     

自清洁型超疏水铜网的制备及其油水分离性能

利用碱液氧化法在铜网上生长纳米针状粗糙结构,并枝接具有pH响应性的低表面能长链硫醇分子,制备了空气中超疏水超亲油、碱性溶液中超亲水水下超疏油金属铜网。对改性金属网的表面结构、接触角、粘附力等性能进行表征。结果表明,亲水硫醇分子所占比例为20%时,改性铜网在空气中水的接触角为154.12°,粘附力为0.025 mN,对油的接触角为0°,改性铜网表面油滴在pH为12的溶液中能够自动脱附,针对不同种类油滴的油水混合物进行分离,分离效率在95%左右,并且重复使用10次后分离效率依然保持在90%以上。     

超疏水铜网的低成本制备及油水分离应用研究

以铜网为基底,采用氧化法构筑微纳米粗糙结构表面,并用廉价无氟低表面能物质硬脂酸进行修饰,制备了具有超疏水特性的铜网。考察了制备条件对铜网疏水性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、接触角测试仪等对所得超疏水铜网表面的形貌、化学组成及浸润性等进行表征,同时探讨超疏水铜网在油水分离中的应用效果。结果表明,所制备的铜网表面具有超疏水特性,接触角为155°,成功应用于油水混合液的分离,油水分离效率达到了95.17%。     

耐化学腐蚀FAS-TiO_2超疏水网制备及其油水分离性能

采用溶胶凝胶法在不锈钢网上涂覆二氧化钛(TiO_2)颗粒构筑了微纳米级粗糙表面,然后通过氟硅烷(FAS)接枝改性降低表面能,制备了一种耐化学腐蚀的氟硅烷-二氧化钛(FAS-TiO_2)超疏水网,并将其应用在油水分离中。采用水接触角(WCA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)对FAS-TiO_2网进行了表征,分析了FAS-TiO_2网的实际应用性能。结果表明水滴与所制备的网表面接触角为159°,且滑动角非常小;FAS-TiO_2超疏水网在腐蚀性溶液,极性有机溶剂及热溶液中具有优异的化学、热稳定性及再循环使用能力。而且FAS-TiO_2超疏水网能够仅利用重力驱动,快速高效地分离各种油水混合物。在苛刻的酸、碱、盐和热环境下FAS-TiO_2网重复使用30次,其油水分离效率仍然保持在95%以上。FAS-TiO_2网制备过程简易、性能优异,在油水分离中有着广泛的适用性。     

粉煤灰超疏水不锈钢网的制备及油水分离

采用树脂粘接法,将硬脂酸修饰后的粉煤灰用环氧树脂粘接在不锈钢网骨架表面,制备了超疏水不锈钢网,并对其进行了TEM、SEM、FTIR和接触角等表征。结果显示,在高倍显微镜下改性后的超疏水不锈钢网表面呈一定粗糙度的微纳米分级结构,静态水接触角高达153°。此外,该超疏水不锈钢网具有良好的机械稳定性和超疏水耐久性,其表面经机械磨损100次后水静态接触角仍高达141°。该材料用于多种油/有机溶剂与水混合液的分离中,分离效率均高于94%。     

油水分离膜表面结构可控合成及性能研究

石油开采过程中会产生大量的油水混合物,每天生产生活中也会产生大量含油废水,如何处理这些油水混合物,是环境保护和可持续发展的重大需求。针对含油量较高的油水混合物,本工作制备了疏水-超亲油分离膜。以机械性能较好的泡沫镍为过滤基体,采用电沉积方法,在泡沫镍表面沉积铜颗粒,构筑亲油疏水表面。研究了沉积电位和沉积时间对表面结构的影响,并测试了分离膜表面结构、表面粗糙度及水滴在膜表面的接触角,并对所制备的分离膜进行油水分离性能测试和多次循环的稳定性测试。结果表明,所制备的分离膜具有良好的循环分离性能,对于油水混合物循环十次后分离效率仍在90%以上。本研究为高效油水分离膜材料开发提供了新思路,并拓展了电化学表面改性的应用领域。     

高通量葡萄糖酸改性不锈钢网的制备及其油水分离性能研究

采用一步法将不锈钢网进行酸刻蚀并吸附葡萄糖酸(GA),成功制备了超亲水-水下超疏油的葡萄糖酸改性不锈钢网(GAG-网)。采用扫描电子显微镜、X-射线光电子能谱仪对GAG-不锈钢网表面形貌和化学组分进行表征,结果表明GA成功地吸附在了不锈钢网上和网表面成功构造微纳米粗糙结构。采用接触角测量仪对其表面进行了润湿性测试,在空气中,水滴在其表面接触角为0°;在水下,油滴在其表面接触角大于150°。GAG-网能够有效地分离多种油水混合物,分离效率均达到98%以上,分离通量达140 L·(m~2·s)~(-1);分离正己烷/水的混合物40次后仍具有99.5%以上的分离效率;在腐蚀性环境中也具有优异的分离能力。该方法简单绿色,制备过程无需任何电器和机械设备。制备的GAG-网油水分离性能优异,在处理油水混合物方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

粉煤灰超疏水不锈钢网的制备及油水分离

采用树脂粘接法,将硬脂酸修饰后的粉煤灰用环氧树脂粘接在不锈钢网骨架表面,制备了超疏水不锈钢网,并对其进行了TEM、SEM、FTIR和接触角等表征。结果显示：在高倍显微镜下改性后的超疏水不锈钢网表面呈一定粗糙度的微纳米分级结构,静态水接触角高达153°。此外,该超疏水不锈钢网具有良好的机械稳定性和超疏水耐久性,其表面经机械磨损试验100次后水静态接触角仍高达141°。该材料用于多种油/有机溶剂与水的混合液的分离中,分离效率均高于94%。     

基于液体门控技术的超滑铜网油-油分离研究

先采用阳极氧化法在铜网表面原位生长Cu(OH)₂纳米针来构建粗糙结构,再采用氟硅烷改性得到超疏水铜网,随后在超疏水铜网表面灌注乙二醇,形成液体门控型超滑铜网表面。利用接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜及X射线衍射仪分析了超疏水铜网的油接触角、水接触角、表面形貌和组成成分,并测试了灌注乙二醇的超滑铜网表面的油接触角。结果表明,超疏水铜网对水的接触角为150°,对二硫化碳的接触角为0°,对二硫化碳、石油醚和正己烷的初次油水分离效率都在90%以上,循环使用50次之后的油水分离效率仍在85%以上。灌注乙二醇的超滑铜网对上述3种有机液体的接触角均大于140°,对它们分别与乙二醇构成的油-油体系的分离效率均超过95%。     

超疏水/超亲油SiO2薄膜的制备和表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法以正硅酸乙酯和甲基三乙氧基硅烷为共前驱体制备纳米疏水SiO2溶胶,经十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷(dodecyltrimethoxysilane,DTMS)改性后,制备出SiO2粒子薄膜,用红外光谱分析SiO2粒子的化学组成,用透射电镜观察凝胶时间对SiO2粒子形貌的影响,用扫描电镜和接触角表征SiO2涂膜的表...     

ZnO nanorod array-coated mesh film for the separation of water and oil

Dense and vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays with a large area have been fabricated successfully on the stainless steel mesh by a simple chemical vapor deposition method. The coated mesh exhibited both superoleophilic and superhydrophobic properties, even if it was not modified by low surface energy materials. The separation efficiencies were more than 97% in the filtration of water and oil. Besides, the wettability of the coated mesh was still stable after it was soaked in the corrosive solutions for 1 h. A detailed investigation showed that the coated mesh has the best superhydrophobic property when the stainless steel mesh pore size was about 75 μm.     

A hierarchical mesh film with superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties for oil and water separation

BACKGROUND: Solid surfaces possessing both superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties have attracted great interest for fundamental research and potential application. However, fabrication of the reported surfaces is usually time‐consuming and the wetability of the surfaces could not be achieved to the desired level in rugged environments. RESULTS: A hierarchical stainless steel mesh film comprising structures with three scales of roughness was synthesized by a simple chemical bath deposition method. After being modified with a low surface energy material e.g. Teflon, these films exhibit superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties. In this study it was demonstrated that the unique properties of the as‐prepared films match well with the requirements for the effective separation of oil and water mixtures. CONCLUSION: It was confirmed that the unique surface wetability of the surface is due to the cooperative effect of the hierarchical structures of the stainless steel mesh films and the natural low surface tension of Teflon. Furthermore, fabrication is simple and economic, and the surface exhibited robust durability even in a rugged environment. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

One‐Step Fabrication of Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Electrodeposited Polythiophene for Oil and Water Separation

A facile, one‐step, and single‐component fabrication of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic coating by electropolymerization of polythiophene on a stainless steel mesh is presented. The resulting coating has low surface energy and shows surface morphology bearing both micro‐ and nano‐features without the need to add nanofillers, or pretreatment of the substrate to make it rough. The polythiophene coating also shows reversible wetting property (superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic, and vice versa) by electrochemical doping and dedoping. The coated mesh is shown to repel water of different pH (1, 7, and 14) and salt content. On the other hand, oil such as dichloromethane, gasoline, kerosene, dodecane, and crude oil can easily pass through the mesh. Therefore, the coated mesh is an excellent material for the separation of oil and water.     

不锈钢网负载Al-beta分子筛涂层的制备及其在油水分离中的应用

使用二次生长法在不锈钢网表面制备了Al-beta分子筛涂层,并通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射和接触角检测对其进行了表征。Al-beta分子筛晶粒以球形呈现在不锈钢网表面,并相互交联而构成微纳双级粗糙结构,Al-beta涂层表现出超亲水和水中超疏油性质。将不锈钢网负载Al-beta分子筛涂层用于分离一系列油水混合物,并考察了其耐久性和稳定性。实验结果表明,不锈钢网负载Al-beta分子筛涂层在重复使用100次后其正己烷/水分离效率仍保持在97.1%以上,酸、碱和超声等处理对其形貌和油水分离效率几乎没有影响,具备优异的耐久性、自清洁性和稳定性,在实际油水分离过程中有很大应用潜力。     

Vertically zeolitic imidazolate framework-L coated mesh with dagger-like structure for oil/water separation

The novel functional superwettable materials for high-efficiency oil/water separation are urgently required due to oil pollution in water body caused by oil tanker accidents, seabed oil production, and oil from refineries and petrochemical plants. Here, the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic zeolitic imidazolate framework-L (ZIF-L) mesh with antimicrobial effect was successfully fabricated by in-situ growth, composed of vertically ZIF-L with micro-/nanodagger-like structure and exhibited the water contact angle of 155.4 ± 1.8° and the oil contact angle of 0° in air. Furthermore, ZIF-L was verified to have an excellent antimicrobial activity, which endowed ZIF-L mesh with good antimicrobial performance. ZIF-L mesh provided a permeation flux with 1.75 × 10⁵ L m⁻² hr⁻¹ and 99.7% separation efficiency after 10 cycles operations for water mixtures with isooctane and presented optimal stability. Accordingly, the results demonstrated that ZIF-L as a new material shows an attractive applied promise for oil/water separation in industry.     

鳞片状BiVO4不锈钢网涂层的制备及其在油水分离中的应用

随着石油泄漏事故的频繁发生和工业含油废水的大量排放,现代化工油水分离问题日益突出。具有特殊润湿性的材料可以选择性透过水或油,分离效率高且操作简单而广泛应用于油水分离。本文以不锈钢网为基底,通过液相法可控制备得到具有不同尺寸、排列的BiVO₄纳米片涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、接触角测量仪对其表面形貌与润湿性能进行表征,研究BiVO₄纳米片尺寸和排列对水下疏油性能的影响。结果表明当不锈钢网表面均匀生长着鳞片状BiVO₄,且这些纳米片随机放射排列时,涂层水下油接触角达到了165.1°,倾斜角仅为2.0°,具有水下超疏油性质。将该涂层用于油水混合物的分离,分离效率均在95.0%以上且分离通量最大可达1.4×10⁴L/(m²·h),在油水分离领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。     

Fabrication of durable superhydrophobic and superoleophilic cotton fabric with fluorinated silica sol via sol–gel process

Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic cotton fabric was successfully prepared with fluorinated silica sol via a facile sol–gel method. A fluorinated polymeric sol–gel precursor (PHFBMA-MTS) was synthesized via free-radical polymerization by using hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFBMA) in the presence of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MTS) as the chain transfer agent, which led to the formation of fluoropolymer with alkoxysilane end groups. Then the fluorinated silica sol was prepared by introducing PHFBMA-MTS as the co-precursor of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in the sol–gel process with ammonium hydroxide as the catalyst, which was then used to fabricate superhydrophobic and superoleophilic fabric coatings through a simple dip-coating method. The coated fabrics showed superhydrophobic property with a high water contact angle of 154.1° and superoleophilic property with an oil contact angle of 0°. Moreover, the coated fabrics still kept superhydrophobicity even after ultrasonic treatment, as well as for organic solutions, acidic solutions. Thus, the coated fabrics were successfully applied to separate oil–water mixture with separation efficiency up to 99.8%. More importantly, the separation efficiency had no significant change after 20 cycles of oil–water separation. These present a simple, low-cost, and durable approach to achieve industrialized application of coated fabrics in oil–water separation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47005.