铝合金托盘有限元分析及优化设计

目的通过对不同托盘结构进行分析,选出满足托盘承载性能要求的轻量化的铝合金托盘结构。方法利用Solid Works软件对不同类型托盘进行三维建模,并用Ansys Workbench对其进行静力分析,对比不同类型托盘应力、变形及安全系数,选出结构最优的铝合金托盘,并对其尺寸进行优化。结果方案C的托盘质量、纵梁应力、纵梁变形和纵梁安全系数分别为19.68 kg,247.39 MPa,3.41 mm和1.13,优于其他类型托盘,对其铺板厚度及纵梁相关尺寸进行优化后,其质量减少22%,纵梁安全系数提高20.4%。结论铺板厚度为1 mm,垫块厚度为1.5 mm,以及其他相关尺寸分别为5,5,30 mm的方案C铝合金托盘为载荷一定条件下的最优结构。     

纸浆模塑托盘结构强度的实验测试分析

实验研究了纸浆模塑托盘结构的力学性能,测试分析了纸浆模塑托盘的承载能力,包括纸浆模塑托盘支腿单元结构的抗压能力,纸浆模塑托盘整体结构的抗压能力、抗弯性能。结果表明:纸浆模塑托盘的抗弯能力相对较弱,实验样品的平均抗弯载荷为1.32 kN;从抗压能力来看,纸浆模塑托盘整体承载能力与各个支腿承载能力的总和相接近;纸浆模塑托盘整体结构的抗压承载能力可达47.80 kN。     

瓦楞纸箱层叠式内衬与折叠式内衬结构比较——以日用瓷器包装为例

瓦楞纸板作为包装内部衬垫具有十分重要的作用。针对套装陶瓷酒具与单件瓷碗的包装,分别设计了瓦楞纸板的分体结构和一体结构的折叠式内衬与分体结构的层叠式内衬,并进行了力学试验,比较不同内衬结构的力学性能。力学性能测试结果表明,层叠式内衬与一体折叠式内衬的抗压性能比分体折叠式内衬的抗压性能好;跌落测试结果表明,所提出的3种内衬设计方案都能满足产品的抗跌落性能要求。结合纸板用量、力学性能、制造装配方便性、使用方便性等方面进行分析,总结出2种不同陶瓷产品包装件的最佳瓦楞纸板内衬形式,均建议采用外盒与内衬一体式结构设计。     

竹托盘

竹托盘以天然竹为原材料,经过加工制造而成的环保型免熏蒸托盘。一般包括全竹竹环峰窝板托盘、全竹竹席瓦楞板托盘,也包括竹环蜂窝板或竹席瓦楞板作为托盘铺板,托盘纵梁采用木材方料或刨花方墩的复合结构托盘。     

基于 ISO 8611 实验研究木托盘构件尺寸对性能的影响

目的分析ISO 8611—2011检测技术,研究木托盘垫块和底铺板尺寸的变化对木托盘性能的影响。方法基于ISO 8611—2011对2种垫块和底铺板尺寸不同的木制平托盘进行气囊弯曲试验、垫块冲击试验和底铺板冲击试验。结果托盘气囊弯曲试验中的平均变形量分别为8.36 mm和9.05mm,极限载荷平均值分别为4840.4 kg和4739.8 kg,垫块冲击试验中的平均冲击次数分别为2.9次和9.3次,底铺板冲击试验中的平均冲击次数为5.2次和4.5次。结论在托盘垫块受到冲击时,其抗冲击能力受中间垫块的尺寸和垫块与铺板连接的钉子数量及钉子排列方式的影响较大。     

竹托盘

<正>竹托盘以天然竹为原材料,经过加工制造而成的环保型免熏蒸托盘。一般包括全竹竹环峰窝板托盘、全竹竹席瓦楞板托盘,也包括竹环蜂窝板或竹席瓦楞板作为托盘铺板,托盘纵梁采用木材方料或刨花方墩的复合结构托盘。     

组合瓦楞纸板缓冲衬垫的力学性能研究

本文研究了3A型、3B型、BAB型组合瓦楞纸板缓冲衬垫的抗弯性能和平压性能。抗弯试验结果表明,组合衬垫的载荷一挠度曲线可分为4个阶段,依次为瞬时弹性变形阶段、延迟弹性变形阶段、弹塑性变形阶段和屈服塑性变形阶段;从抗弯性能方面考虑,在对瓦楞纸板进行粘接使用时,可以将A型或B型瓦楞自行组合,但最好不要将B型或A型瓦楞与AB型瓦楞组合。平压试验结果表明,在3A型、3B型及BAB型组合瓦楞纸板缓冲衬垫的静态压缩曲线均存在三个峰值,且峰值与瓦楞纸板层数一一对应,各层按照屈服强度从小到大的顺序依次屈服、破坏;从静态压缩性能方面考虑,BAB结构的抗压性能最好,3B结构次之,3A结构最差。根据静态压缩试验绘制的瓦楞纸板缓冲系数-最大静应力曲线,为采用组合瓦楞纸板衬垫进行缓冲包装设计提供了依据。当采用该曲线进行缓冲包装时,应根据产品特性及流通环境特点,尤其是产品或包装件可能给予缓冲衬垫的静压力范围,合理选择衬垫的组合型式。     

基于屈曲准则的瓦楞纸板强度仿真分析

分别建立了典型的A、C、B楞型单瓦楞纸板的有限元模型,计算了3种瓦楞纸板的临界屈曲载荷。以临界屈曲载荷为纸板抗压能力的判定准则,定量分析了3种瓦楞纸板的抗压能力,同时研究了材料与结构对瓦楞纸板抗压能力的影响及每种瓦楞纸板的材料抗压效率。分析结果表明,大瓦楞有更好的抗压能力,其抗压能力的提高主要是依靠其结构实现的,约束条件能够极大地改变瓦楞纸板的抗压效率。     

组合瓦楞纸板抗弯性能研究

采用瓦楞纸板及其组合衬垫代替非环保的泡沫塑料衬垫进行缓冲包装设计,是今后绿色缓冲包装设计的发展趋势.首先采用淀粉胶将瓦楞纸板试样进行黏结,构造不同结构的组合结构,然后研究环境湿度对组合结构抗弯性能的影响.研究结果表明.B型与AB型瓦楞纸板的黏结组合(B AB)的抗弯强度随湿度的增大显著降低;在A型瓦楞纸板的3层顺向粘结组合(AAA)中,瓦楞的走向与受压位置对纸板的抗弯性能起着决定性的作用,横向抗弯强度大于纵向.     

空调挂机包装箱支撑结构及其性能评价

分析了造成空调包装纸箱产生鼓包的原因,提出了一种新的纸箱内置支撑结构设计方案。该方案由普通的单瓦楞纸板折叠组装成型,工艺简便、结构稳定、成本低。进行了包装箱抗压性能的对比实验,并对包装系统进行了全面的综合评价测试。测试结果表明,采用新的支撑结构,纸箱的抗压强度平均增强了12.5%,包装系统通过了全部评价测试项目,综合性能优异。     

The effect of pallet top deck stiffness on the compression strength of asymmetrically supported corrugated boxes

During unitized shipment, the components of unit loads are interacting with each other. During floor stacking of unit loads, the load on the top of the pallet causes the top deck of the pallet to bend, which creates an uneven top deck surface resulting in uneven or asymmetrical support of the corrugated boxes. This asymmetrical support could significantly affect the strength of the corrugated boxes, and it depends on the top deck stiffness of the pallet. This study is aimed at investigating how the variations of pallet top deck stiffness and the resulting asymmetric support affect corrugated box compression strength. The study used a scaled-down unit load compression test on quarter-scale pallet designs with different deckboard thicknesses using four different corrugated box designs. Pallet top deck stiffness was determined to have a significant effect on box compression strength. There was a 27%–37% increase in box compression strength for boxes supported by high-stiffness pallets in comparison with low-stiffness pallets. The fact that boxes were weaker on low-stiffness pallets could be explained by the uneven pressure distribution between the pallet deck and bottom layer of boxes. Pressure data showed that a higher percentage of total pressure was located under the box sidewalls that were supported on the outside stringers of low-stiffness pallets in comparison with high-stiffness pallets. This was disproportionately loading one side of the box. Utilizing the effects of pallet top deck stiffness on box compression performance, a unit load cost analysis is presented showing that a stiffer pallet can be used to carry boxes with less board material; hence, it can reduce the total unit load packaging cost.     

三纵木钢板材托架弯曲强度分析与应用设计

木托架由纵横木交错组合而成,主要用于冷轧薄钢板材的堆码和起吊,并且在起吊工况中易损坏。以冷轧薄钢板材的起吊工况为启示,分析了起吊工况下的三纵木冷轧薄钢钢板材托架的受力情况,论述了起吊动载荷对木托架弯曲强度的影响,在此基础上,得出了不同横木情况下,纵木的最大弯曲强度理论公式。为不同规格和载重的冷轧薄钢板木托架结构设计提供理论依据。     

Effect of Pallet Deckboard Stiffness on Corrugated Box Compression Strength

The packaging industry has long considered pallets to be rigid structures. However, in a unit load, the weight of the product produces compressive forces that are distributed across the pallet causing the top deckboards to deflect. Corrugated paperboard boxes are highly susceptible to changing support conditions; therefore, the deckboard deflection directly impacts the vertical compression strength of the box. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of pallet deckboard stiffness on the vertical compression strength and deflection of corrugated paperboard boxes. Additional treatments included gaps between the deckboards and location of the box relative to the pallet stringers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

层合瓦楞纸板三向静态平压性能研究

通过静态压缩试验,对B楞和C楞层合瓦楞纸板X,Y,Z3个方向的平压性能进行了研究,并绘制了其载荷-变形曲线和应力-应变曲线。纸板的载荷-变形曲线表明：压缩时各纸板3个方向的曲线走势类似,都有一段线性变形部分,当载荷达到最大值后,X向和Z向的曲线呈波浪状下降,而Y向的曲线近似于水平波动。纸板的应力-应变曲线表明：3个方向的压缩中,Z向的压缩强度值最大,X向次之,Y向最低,Z向值为X向的3～6倍,为Y向的12～14倍。此外还对瓦楞纸板平压强度与Y向压缩强度的关系和瓦楞纸板边压强度与Z向压缩强度的关系进行了分析。     

层合方式和压缩方向对层合瓦楞纸板压缩性能的影响

目的研究层合方式和压缩方向对层合瓦楞纸板压缩性能的影响。方法通过静态压缩对平齐式和交错式等2种层合瓦楞纸板的3个方向进行实验,得到相应的应力-应变曲线,运用能量效率法对其峰应力、平均抗压强度、总吸能和比能量吸收进行对比分析。结果 2种层合方式的瓦楞纸板在x,y,z方向的应力-应变曲线走势大致相似,峰应力、平均抗压强度、总吸能和比能量吸收均为x方向最大,y方向次之,z方向最小。在x,y,z各个方向上,平齐式层合瓦楞纸板的峰应力、平均抗压强度、总吸能和比能量吸收均高于交错式层合瓦楞纸板。结论不同层合方式和压缩方向对层合瓦楞纸板压缩性能的影响较大,设计重型缓冲包装时可以优先选择平齐式层合瓦楞纸板的x方向,可以更好地达到提高缓冲效果和节约材料的目的。     

4层瓦楞纸板复合瓦楞纸弹性模量的计算

应用复合材料细观力学分析方法,推导了4层瓦楞纸板的复合瓦楞纸的弹性模量。考虑2层瓦楞原纸间粘合剂的影响,分析了复合瓦楞纸纵向弹性模量与粘合剂体积分数及其纵向弹性模量的关系,并用实验进行了验证。为4层瓦楞纸板进一步的相关理论分析奠定基础。     

瓦楞纸板结构在运输包装应用中的研究进展

从瓦楞纸箱、衬垫、托盘等方面论述了瓦楞纸板结构在运输包装应用中的研究进展,并对瓦楞纸板在运输包装系统中的应用研究提出了一些建议.     

Application of beam on elastic foundation to the interaction between a corrugated box and pallet deckboard

Corrugated boxes are ubiquitous in shipping and warehousing logistics. In physical distribution, corrugated boxes are often shipped in a unit load form where the interaction between the components determines the effectiveness and safety of the overall system. When lower stiffness pallets are used to support the corrugated boxes, the compression strength of boxes is reduced due to the uneven support conditions caused by the deforming top deckboards of the pallet. In this study, a modification of the principle of beam on elastic foundation was used to predict the effect of pallet deck stiffness on the performance of a corrugated box. In the model, the corrugated box acts as the elastic foundation, and the deckboard is represented as the beam. Pallet deck stiffness, pallet connection stiffness, and package stiffness are required model inputs. The resulting model was capable of predicting the normalized distribution of forces along the boxes' length sidewall but was not capable of predicting the compression strength of the box at failure.     

层合瓦楞纸板结构沿瓦楞方向的准静态压缩性能研究

试验研究了层合瓦楞纸板结构沿瓦楞方向的准静态压缩性能。研究结果表明:该结构准静态压缩载荷-变形曲线可分为2段——线弹性段和褶皱化变形段;楞型不同、厚度相同的样品,其准静态压缩最大值与瓦楞纸板的边压强度完全相关;楞型相同、厚度不同的样品,随着厚度的增加静态压缩最大值逐渐降低,厚度对载荷最大值所对应的变形值的影响不大。