石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展

石墨烯与聚合物复合得到的纳米复合材料是具有广阔应用前景的新型材料。介绍了石墨烯的独特结构、性能和制备方法;着重论述了石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料的主要制备方法和表征技术,以及这些方法制备出的纳米复合材料在超级电容器、纳米电子器件、储存信息和通信材料等领域的广泛应用。同时也简述了其在现阶段研究中存在的一些问题,指出随着研究的不断深入,石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料的应用会逐渐广阔。     

生物质基炭气凝胶复合材料在超级电容器中应用的研究进展

生物质基炭气凝胶环境友好、成本低廉,不仅具有稳定性高、导电性好、比表面积大和孔隙结构可调节的特点,还兼具力学性能稳定、弹性好的优势,是制备复合材料的一种优良基底材料。近年来,研究人员利用生物质基炭气凝胶的这些特点,通过负载理论比电容较高的金属化合物、导电聚合物和导电性能良好、力学性能稳定的石墨烯等材料以及掺杂杂原子的方法开发了一系列复合材料,并将其应用在超级电容器中,取得了一定的进展。本文综述了生物质基炭气凝胶复合过渡金属化合物、导电聚合物、石墨烯以及掺杂杂原子的方法,分析了不同制备方法的优势与弊端,总结了不同种类的生物质基炭气凝胶复合材料在超级电容器领域的应用,最后针对生物质基炭气凝胶复合材料的制备及在超级电容器应用中所面临的问题,对未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

聚吡咯电极材料在超级电容器中的研究进展

聚吡咯是导电稳定性最好的导电聚合物之一。因其制备方式简单、环境友好、导电率高、电容性好及独特的掺杂性,制备聚吡咯复合材料以提高电极材料的稳定性成为超级电容器导电聚合物基电极材料的热点研究方向。综述了近年来聚吡咯电极材料及其与碳基材料、金属氧化物材料等二元、三元复合电极材料应用于超级电容器中的研究进展,介绍了聚吡咯的电荷储存机制、聚合机理、制备方法等,指出了当前超级电容器聚吡咯及其复合电极材料的热点研究领域,并且展望了其发展前景。     

石墨烯的制备和改性及其与聚合物复合的研究进展

石墨烯是2004年问世的一种具有单层二维蜂窝状晶格结构的碳质新材料,也是性能优异的新型纳米复合材料填料.介绍了石墨烯的结构、制备方法;重点论述了石墨烯表面接枝以及聚合物基/石墨烯复合材料制备的研究进展,认为利用石墨烯的高强度、高导电率等优异性能可以赋予聚合物更加优异的特性.     

石墨烯基复合材料的三维组装与应用研究进展

三维石墨烯结构体不仅继承了二维石墨烯片完美的碳晶体结构,还展现出超低的密度、极高的孔隙率和较大的比表面积等特点,具有导电、导热、吸附等优异性能,是近年来石墨烯功能材料中的一颗新星。目前,石墨烯与聚合物、无机纳米材料组装成三维结构复合材料的研究已经取得了实质性进展,研究者通过丰富的化学和物理路径实现了石墨烯与功能组分的三维有序组装,并赋予该材料奇特的结构特点和性能优势。这些特性使材料在能量储存、环境保护、传感器等研究领域表现出不错的应用前景。根据当前研究热点,综述了石墨烯基复合材料的三维组装与应用的研究进展,包括三维石墨烯/聚合物复合材料与三维石墨烯/无机纳米复合材料两种体系。重点总结了两种体系的三维组装方法,并分析了复合材料中石墨烯与功能组分的结构特点,简要概括了当前三维石墨烯基复合材料在环境保护、超级电容器等不同领域的应用进展,并对三维石墨烯基复合材料的三维结构设计与多样化应用进行了展望。     

功能性石墨烯改善聚合物介电性能的研究进展

目的对近年来使用改性石墨烯改善聚合物基复合材料介电性能的研究进行总结,指出今后的发展方向。方法总结通过石墨烯改性来改善其在聚合物的分散性和提高聚合物基石墨烯复合材料介电性能的方法;对比石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的复合工艺对其介电常数和介电损耗数值的变化,总结不同的改性方法对复合材料介电性能的影响。结论石墨烯作为一种性能较优的导电填料对材料介电性能影响巨大,然而,由于其物理分散性不好,极大地阻碍了石墨烯改性聚合物基高介电复合材料的发展。通过对石墨烯进行功能化改性修饰可以有效提高聚合物基复合材料的介电性能,这种材料可作为电活性聚合物,在很多需要高介电常数的电介质材料领域,如超级电容器、感应器、驱动器、智能包装和机器人等方面得到应用。     

石墨烯基复合超级电容器材料研究进展

石墨烯基复合材料因其优异的性能广泛应用于各个领域,尤其在超级电容器的研究中。本文对石墨烯基复合超级电容器材料的结构进行了分类,并分别从石墨烯-碳基复合材料、石墨烯-导电高分子复合材料、石墨烯-过渡金属化合物复合材料的角度,总结了不同石墨烯基复合超级电容器材料的研究进展,重点强调了优化电极结构和提高电极性能之间的关系。同时,概述了石墨烯基复合材料在锂离子电池、太阳能电池、催化等其他方面的应用。获得高能量密度、功率密度以及长循环寿命的超级电容器是其作为电极材料的发展趋势。     

竹基活性炭超级电容器研究进展

竹炭(BC)作为超级电容器电极材料具有原料易得,可再生且具有生长周期短、环境友好等特点,其制备的超级电容器具有成本低、容量高、充放电时间短、环境友好和安全性高等优点,受到人们的广泛关注。本文综述了近年来基于竹炭及其与金属氧化物材料和导电聚合物材料(聚苯胺)复合所得电极材料在超级电容器中的应用进展,指出具有高比表面积和可控孔径结构的竹炭与无机纳米材料和导电聚合物的复合是竹炭基超级电容器研究的重要发展方向。     

石墨烯基纳米复合材料的研究进展

石墨烯是一种具有二维结构的纳米碳材料,具有优异的导电、导热和机械性能。将石墨烯与无机物或聚合物进行复合是近年来的研究热点,对石墨烯基纳米复合材料进行了综述,概述了国内外石墨烯/无机纳米复合材料和石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料的导电性、导热性、机械性能和生物相容性等的研究进展。     

聚丙烯腈基碳纳米纤维在超级电容器电极材料中的应用研究进展

超级电容器是一种介于电池和传统物理电容器之间的新型环保储能器件,近年来得到了研究者的广泛关注。电极材料是超级电容器的核心部分,因此具有更高的研究价值。聚丙烯腈基碳纳米纤维因具有良好的静电纺丝性、较高的碳化产率、优异的纳米结构、超高的比表面积以及优良的导电性和稳定性,已经成为超级电容器电极材料的研究热点。本文主要介绍了聚丙烯腈基交联结构和多孔结构碳纳米纤维电极材料,元素掺杂电极材料以及与碳材料、导电聚合物、金属氧化物复合的电极材料,并对聚丙烯腈基碳纳米纤维电极材料未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

聚合物基石墨烯纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了聚合物基石墨烯及改性石墨烯纳米复合材料的研究进展.添加少量的石墨烯就可以显著提聚合物材料的各方面性能,因此,近年来石墨烯得到了学术界和工业界的高度关注,石墨烯、氧化石墨烯的改性,以及聚合物基石墨烯纳米复合材料被广泛研究.通过广泛的文献阅读对聚合物基石墨烯纳米复合材料的结构、制备方法以及性能进行了深入探讨.     

A two-step approach to synthesis of Co(OH)2/γ-NiOOH/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for high performance supercapacitors

A two-step approach was reported to fabricate cobaltous?hydroxide/γ-nickel?oxide?hydroxide/reduced graphene oxide (Co(OH)₂/γ-NiOOH/RGO) nanocomposites on nickel foam by combining the reduction of graphene oxide with the help of reflux condensation and the subsequent hydrothermal of Co(OH)₂ on RGO. The microstructural, surface morphology and electrochemical properties of the Co(OH)₂/γ-NiOOH/RGO nanocomposite were investigated. The results showed that the surface of the first-step fabricated γ-NiOOH/RGO nanocomposites was uniformly coated by Co(OH)₂ nanoflakes with lateral size of tens of nm and thickness of several nm. Co(OH)₂/γ-NiOOH/RGO nanocomposite demonstrated a high specific capacitance (745 mF/cm² at 0.5 mA/cm²) and a cycling stability of 69.8% after 1000 cycles at 30 mV/cm². γ-NiOOH/RGO//Co(OH)₂/γ-NiOOH/RGO asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled, and maximum gravimetric energy density of 57.3 W?h/kg and power density of 66.1 kW/kg were achieved. The synergistic effect between the highly conductive graphene and the nanoflake Co(OH)₂ structure was responsible for the high electrochemical performance of the hybrid electrode. It is expected that this research could offer a simple method to prepare graphene-based electrode materials.     

An efficientfficient,controllable and facile two-step synthesis strategy: Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>@RGO composites with various Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanoparticles and their supercapacitance properties

An efficient,controllable,and facile two-step synthetic strategy to prepare graphene-based nanocomposites is proposed.A series of Fe3O4-decorated reduced graphene oxide (Fe3O4@RGO) nanocomposites incorporating Fe3O4 nanocrystals of various sizes were prepared by an ethanothermal method using graphene oxide (GO) and monodisperse Fe3O4 nanocrystals with diameters ranging from 4 to 10 nm.The morphologies and microstructures of the as-prepared composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,nitrogen adsorption measurements,and transmission electron microscopy.The results show that GO can be reduced to graphene during the ethanothermal process,and that the Fe3O4 nanocrystals are well dispersed on the graphene sheets generated in the process.The analysis of the electrochemical properties of the Fe3O4@RGO materials shows that nanocomposites prepared with Fe3O4 nanocrystals of different sizes exhibit different electrochemical performances.Among all samples,Fe3O4@RGO prepared with Fe3O4 nanocrystals of 6 nm diameter possessed the highest specific capacitance of 481 F/g at 1 A/g,highlighting the excellent capability of this material.This work illustrates a promising route to develop graphene-based nanocomposite materials with a wide range of potential applications.     

A two-step approach to synthesis of Co(OH)<Subscript>2</Subscript>/γ-NiOOH/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for high performance supercapacitors

A two-step approach was reported to fabricate cobaltous hydroxide/γ- nickel oxide hydroxide/reduced graphene oxide (Co(OH)₂/γ-NiOOH/RGO) nanocomposites on nickel foam by combining the reduction of graphene oxide with the help of reflux condensation and the subsequent hydrothermal of Co(OH)₂ on RGO. The microstructural, surface morphology and electrochemical properties of the Co(OH)₂/γ-NiOOH/RGO nanocomposite were investigated. The results showed that the surface of the first-step fabricated γ-NiOOH/RGO nanocomposites was uniformly coated by Co(OH)₂ nanoflakes with lateral size of tens of nm and thickness of several nm. Co(OH)₂/γ-NiOOH/RGO nanocomposite demonstrated a high specific capacitance (745 mF/cm² at 0.5 mA/cm²) and a cycling stability of 69.8% after 1000 cycles at 30 mV/cm². γ-NiOOH/RGO//Co(OH)₂/γ-NiOOH/RGO asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled, and maximum gravimetric energy density of 57.3 W?h/kg and power density of 66.1 kW/kg were achieved. The synergistic effect between the highly conductive graphene and the nanoflake Co(OH)₂ structure was responsible for the high electrochemical performance of the hybrid electrode. It is expected that this research could offer a simple method to prepare graphene-based electrode materials.     

石墨烯基有序介孔金属氧化物复合材料的制备及研究进展

综述了以石墨烯作为载体,利用有序介孔金属氧化物特殊的3D结构,以及两者共存产生的协同效应,开发系列新型石墨烯基有序介孔金属氧化物复合材料的最新研究进展。介绍了本课题组在有序介孔金属氧化物的可控合成、与石墨烯的有效复合以及复合材料的光电性能等方面的探索性研究。着重对石墨烯基有序介孔金属氧化物复合材料的制备方法、形成机理及其在催化、电化学、传感和能量储存等领域的最新应用进行概述,并展望了其未来的发展趋势。     

石墨烯及其复合自支撑膜研究进展

作为新一代超级电容器电极材料,石墨烯具有比表面积高、化学稳定性和力学性能优异等特点。但是,制备致密度高、结构稳定性好的石墨烯电极时往往需要添加黏结剂,而黏结剂的引入会削弱电极材料的电化学性能,制备石墨烯及其复合自支撑膜是解决该问题的有效手段之一。介绍了石墨烯自支撑膜的成膜方法,包括抽滤诱导自组装、气液界面自组装、涂覆法和层层自组装等传统方法,以及一种新颖的低温旋切成膜方法。着重总结了导电聚合物/石墨烯、金属氧化物/石墨烯及三元石墨烯基复合膜的研究进展。提出了石墨烯及其复合自支撑导电膜未来的发展趋势,包括开发新型、简便、量产的薄膜电极制备技术、控制石墨烯及其复合自支撑膜的微观结构、将各种成膜方法运用于制作便携式电子器件或柔性电池中等。     

Graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite as fillers of polylactic acid nanocomposites: preparation and characterization

Graphene and its derivatives have attracted great research interest for their potential applications in electronics, energy, materials and biomedical areas. When incorporated appropriately, these atomically thin carbon sheets are expected to improve physical properties of host polymers at extremely small loading. Herein, we report a novel two-step method for the preparation of PLLA/Hap/graphene oxide nanocomposites with augmented mechanical properties when compared to PLLA/Hap and neat PLLA. The presence of graphene oxide (GO) had a positive effect on the dispersion of hydroxyapatite particles on the polymeric matrix contributing for a good homogeneity of the final nanocomposite. PLLA nanocomposites prepared with 30% (w/w) of Hap and 1% (w/w) of GO showed the highest hardness and storage modulus values indicating an efficient load transfer between the fillers and the PLLA matrix. These materials may find interesting biomedical applications as for example bone screws. The following step on the study of these materials will be in vitro tests to access the biocompatibility of these new nanocomposites.     

Mechanical properties of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites

In this present review, the current status of the intrinsic mechanical properties of the graphene-family of materials along with the preparation and properties of bulk graphene-based nanocomposites is thoroughly examined. The usefulness of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization and study of the mechanical properties of graphene flakes and their composites is clearly exhibited. Furthermore, the preparation strategies of bulk graphene-based nanocomposites are discussed and the mechanical properties of nanocomposites reported in the literature are analysed. In particular, through the analyse of several hundred literature papers on graphene composites, we have found a unique correlation between the filler modulus, derived from the rule of mixtures, and the composite matrix. This correlation is found to hold true across a wide range of polymer matrices and thus suggests that the common assumption that the filler modulus is independent of the matric is incorrect, explaining the apparent under performance of graphene in some systems. The presence of graphene even at very low loadings can provide significant reinforcement to the final material, while the parameters that affect the nanocomposite strongly are thoroughly reviewed. Finally, the potential applications and future perspectives are discussed with regard to scale up capabilities and possible developments of graphene-based nanocomposite materials.     

Preparation and tribological performance of chemically-modified reduced graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile composites

Interface control and dispersion of graphene base nanomaterials in polymer matrix are challenging to develop high comprehensive nanocomposites due to their strong interlayer cohesive energy and chemical inertia. In this research, an efficient approach is presented to functionalize reduced graphene oxide nanosheets by N-[3-(trimethoxylsilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine, which is dispersed into polyacrylonitrile to prepare N-[3-(trimethoxylsilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine – reduced graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile nanocomposites. A thermogravimetric analysis technique was employed to evaluate thermal properties of the nanocomposites. The tribological properties of the polyacrylonitrile/graphene nanocomposites were investigated. The morphologies and volume of the worn surface were examined using a 3D profilometer. The impact of loading ratio on friction coefficient, carry-bearing capacity and durability were studied. The N-[3-(trimethoxylsilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine – reduced graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile nanocomposite with appropriate loading ratio of reduced graphene oxide exhibited a high load-bearing capacity and durability. Therefore, the polyacrylonitrile/graphene nanocomposite shows promising potential to industrial applications involving the lubrication and anti-wear.     

石墨烯基吸波材料的研究进展

诸如铁氧体、磁性金属粒子及其合金等传统吸波材料,密度大、环境稳定性差、对电磁波的吸收弱以及吸收频带窄的缺陷限制了其在吸波领域的应用,而石墨烯因其较高的机械强度、较小的密度以及优异的介电性能受到了吸波材料领域众多学者的关注;但由于石墨烯的阻抗匹配性能较差,损耗机制比较单一,导致其吸波性能较差,因此,研究人员通常将石墨烯与其他介电损耗型或者磁损耗型材料复合来增强其吸波性能,此外对吸波剂的结构进行合理的设计也是增强其吸波性能的有效途径。结合国内外的发展状况,对石墨烯基吸波材料的制备以及性能研究做了综述性介绍,并展望了未来石墨烯基吸波材料的发展方向。