基于curvelet变换和独立分量分析的含噪盲源分离

独立分量分析（ICA）是基于信号高阶统计量的盲源分离方法,在高阶统计量方法中,由于高斯信号的高阶累计量为零,所以系统存在加性高斯噪声时就难以处理。提出了一种基于curvelet阈值去噪和FastICA算法的含噪信号盲分离的方法,并对高斯噪声环境下的混合图像进行了盲分离的仿真。结果表明,该方法能很好地解决由于存在加性高斯噪声而导致经典ICA算法性能发生严重恶化的问题;同时将curvelet变换去噪应用于含噪图像的盲源分离中,可以提高混合图像的信噪比,相对于小波去噪后的ICA算法,其分离性能有很大改善。     

一种应用于水声目标检测的盲源分离算法

提出了一种新的盲源分离方法.该方法基于独立分量(ICA)理论,可以有效去除噪声,提高目标检测的性能.针对在盲源分离中噪声消除比较困难这一问题,利用水声信号半盲的特点,引入了虚拟信号的概念.通过添加虚拟信号,成功地分离了混合信号.高斯噪声和K分布噪声的仿真表明,该算法在强背景噪声下较匹配滤波算法有明显的检测优势.     

基于盲分离技术的多目标识别仿真研究

针对智能引信应用中需要解决的多目标识别问题,提出基于盲分离技术的解决方案,建立了信号盲分离问题的模型,设计了盲源数估计算法以及两种不同的盲分离目标识别算法,并利用在消声室获得的多源目标的声信号对算法性能进行仿真分析.结果表明:基于四阶累积量的盲源数估计算法可以有效判定信源个数;在存在测量时延的情况下,卷积信号盲分离目标识别算法能够实现多目标源的识别.     

基于Hough变换的时频盲源分离算法

1998年,Belouchrani,A和Amin,M.G基于时频分布提出了一种经典的时频盲源算法,不足是当有噪声存在时,性能会下降。主要考虑源噪声的盲源分离问题,以Wigner分布计算观测信号的时频阵并将其看做图像,利用Hough变换将信号检测转换为在参数空间寻找局部极大值的问题,运用自项点理论选择合适的矩阵进行联合近似对角化估计源信号。该方法扩展了盲源分离的限制条件,且通过把噪声能量扩展到整个参数平面而只选择信号能量占主导的时频点,对噪声具有一定的抑制能力。     

基于泛化高斯模型infomax算法的水声信号盲分离

在信号盲分离领域中,信息最大化算法是一种比较成熟的算法,尤其在处理语音信号盲分离问题中,有着较好的效果.通过对水声信号幅值分布的研究,将基于概率密度函数估计的信息最大化算法运用到水声信号盲分离中,并通过仿真实验比较了基于不同概率密度函数的信息最大化算法对水声信号盲分离的效果.ICA算法的成功与否取决于它的概率密度模型是否能较好的拟合信号本身固有的统计分布.通过对船舶辐射噪声信号的盲分离实验证明了GGM能较好的拟合船舶辐射信号及海洋噪声信号这两种不同的概率分布.     

基于神经网络的含噪动态源分离算法

针对含噪声且源信号数目动态变化条件下的混合信号分离问题进行了研究,提出了一种新型在线盲源分离算法,该算法包括两部分:一是基于最小描述长度(MDL)的动态源数目估计算法,该算法能实时精确地估计出瞬时源数目;另一个是基于偏差去除的变步长神经网络算法,该算法采用前馈神经网络结构,在学习准则中加入了相应于噪声的偏差去除项,并在此基础上给出了变步长策略。仿真实验表明,新型算法在含噪静态源和动态源中都具有优异的分离性能,并且优于现存的针对动态源的盲源分离算法。     

基于K-SCA假设的欠定盲源分离

传统稀疏算法对信号的稀疏程度要求高、抗噪能力差。针对该问题,从K-SCA假设出发,提出一种基于超平面隶属度函数的欠定盲源分离算法。该函数基于局部统计,具有良好的抗噪性能,适用于噪声和信号稀疏程度较低条件下的信号分离。实验结果表明,相比同类算法,该算法对信号稀疏要求低、分离精度高、容噪能力强。     

两正定矩阵联合对角化盲分离算法

针对具有时间结构的盲分离问题,提出了一种基于两正定矩阵精确联合对角化的盲分离算法。利用多个不同时延统计量构造了两个正定矩阵,以提取出数据的时间结构;再利用所提算法联合对角化构造的两个正定矩阵,得到分离矩阵,进而估计出源信号。所提算法克服了已有算法因采用多个矩阵联合对角化导致的计算量大和采用单个矩阵导致的分离精度低的缺点。计算机仿真结果表明了在有或无噪声情况下,所提算法性能均优于其他对比算法。     

基于高阶统计理论和量子遗传算法的非线性盲源分离算法研究

本文系统分析了非线性盲源分离的模型和现有算法,讨论了非线性盲源分离中解的存在性和唯一性,提出了基于高阶统计理论中联合累积量的非线性盲源分离算法,并采用量子遗传算法进行优化求解.仿真结果表明了算法的有效性.     

基于盲源分离的单通道语音信号增强

在运用基于独立分量分析(ICA)的盲源分离法进行语音增强时,要求观测信号(含噪语音)的个数不少于源信号(纯净语音和噪声)的个数.由于含噪语音通常是单通道的,所以必须合理地生成另一路的虚拟观测信号,以实现纯净语音和噪声的分离是个关键.介绍了一种基于盲源分离和谱减法的单通道语音信号增强的方法.首先运用谱减法对语音进行部分去噪,产生了ICA其中的一路观测信号,并产生了对噪声的估计值.用语音和噪声估计值的帧平均能量构成了加权函数,将噪声的估计值与原始含噪语音进行加权组合,生成另一路的虚拟观测信号.由于虚拟观测信号很好地再现了实际的观测信号,所以运用ICA可以较好地实现了噪声和语音的分离.同时,盲源分离和谱减法相互结合,使语音增强的性能提高.实验证明了算法可以在信噪比很小的情况下实现对噪声的去除,其效果要优于传统的去噪算法.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.