棉纺赛络纺工艺研究和实践

探讨棉纺赛络纺纺纱工艺。分析论述了棉纺赛络纱的特点及赛络纺改善成纱强力、条干和毛羽的工艺原理,对赛络纺粗纱定量、粗纱捻系数、细纱罗拉隔距,喇叭口中心距、后区牵伸倍数、钳口隔距、导纱动程、细纱捻系数及钢领钢丝圈、胶辊选用、络筒速度、清纱门限等进行了试验分析。指出:通过合理配置工艺参数及纺纱专件,能够充分发挥赛络纺的优点,实现强力高、毛羽少、条干好的纺纱效果。     

细纱工序成纱毛羽的控制措施

纱线毛羽对织造效率及织物的染色效果影响较大。细纱工序是控制成纱毛羽的关键工序 ,如何减少细纱毛羽 ,改善不同纱段间及不同管纱间毛羽值的差异 ,是生产厂家十分关心的问题。下面就减少细纱毛羽方面所采取的措施作一介绍。1　优选工艺参数在保证成纱条干的前提下 ,适当减小细纱后区牵伸倍数 ,合理增加粗纱捻系数 ,可使纤维在牵伸过程中不致过分扩散 ,从而减少毛羽。设定不同的粗纱捻系数及细纱后区牵伸倍数 ,在其他纺纱条件相同的情况下进行优选试验 ,纺制ＣＪ 1 4.5ｔｅｘ管纱 ,用Ｕｓｔｅｒ 3型条干仪测试的管纱毛羽值见表 1。表 1　不…     

牛角瓜纤维纯纺36.4tex纱的开发

为了开发牛角瓜纤维纯纺纱线,提高其成纱质量,介绍牛角瓜纤维的主要性能,从梳理、并条、粗纱和细纱等工序分析牛角瓜纤维纯纺环锭纱的生产工艺参数和原则,针对牛角瓜纤维纯纺纱断裂强度偏低、条干均匀度差、毛羽较多等问题,采用赛络纺、集聚纺和集聚赛络纺等纺纱方法对其纺纱工艺进行优化,对比分析3种方法所纺36.4tex纱性能。结果表明:采用转杯并合凝聚工艺,可改善牛角瓜纤维的可纺性;降低车速、调整车间温湿度,明显减少环锭纺并条工序绕胶辊和罗拉;赛络纺显著改善纱线条干,集聚纺有效减少纱线毛羽,集聚赛络纺对纱线毛羽和条干均有明显改善,且3种方法都可使纱线断裂强度略有提高;当细纱工序采用集聚赛络纺时,纱线性能可以满足织造要求。     

影响赛络纺回花量的因素分析

探讨影响赛络纺回花量与成纱断裂强力的主要工艺因素,并对其进行优选。以T 13.4tex赛络纱为例,选择细纱后区牵伸倍数、粗纱捻系数和喇叭口间距三个影响赛络纺回花量的主要工艺因素,进行单因素试验和正交试验,分析不同工艺配置对赛络纺回花量与成纱断裂强力的影响。结果表明:细纱后区牵伸1.38倍、粗纱捻系数67.3、喇叭口间距5.0mm为较优组合。认为:赛络纺工艺参数的优化可有效降低笛管吸棉量,提高制成率。     

基于超早熟短季棉的细纱牵伸工艺研究

通过改变粗纱捻系数、细纱后区罗拉隔距、后区牵伸倍数等工艺参数,研究了适于超早熟短季棉的细纱后区工艺.探讨了不同工艺参数对成纱断裂强度、纱线条干不匀率以及毛羽的影响.结果表明,粗纱捻系数、后区罗拉隔距、后区牵伸倍数对纱线断裂强度影响显著,后区牵伸倍数对纱线条干不匀率影响显著,后区罗拉隔距对纱线毛羽影响显著.研究得出了适于超早熟短季棉的最佳细纱后区工艺为:粗纱捻系数115,后区罗拉隔距30 mm,后区牵伸倍数1.29.     

后牵伸倍数对14.5tex Modal纱性能的影响

结合生产实际,采用不同的后牵伸倍数和纺纱方式纺制14.5 tex Modal纱,并研究成纱性能,包括成纱毛羽、条干、强伸性能,从而得出纺Modal纱的最佳工艺参数。实践表明:后牵伸倍数为1.20时成纱的强伸性能最好。对于纱线的强伸性指标,赛络纱优于环锭纱。纱线条干的各项指标中赛络纱的细节多于环锭纱,其他指标则优于环锭纱。     

铜氨纤维竹浆纤维混纺纱工艺优化

探讨铜氨纤维竹浆纤维混纺纱较佳的工艺配置。通过正交试验方法,对铜氨纤维/竹浆纤维混纺纱的粗纱捻系数、细纱后区牵伸倍数和细纱捻系数等3项工艺参数进行优化试验,并测试分析了成纱性能指标。分析了影响成纱强度、成纱毛羽、纱线条干均匀度等指标的主要因素。试验分析表明:粗纱捻系数98、细纱捻系数380和细纱后区牵伸1.2倍时,纺纱质量较佳。认为:试验的3项工艺参数对铜氨纤维竹浆纤维混纺纱成纱性能的影响较为显著,为提高成纱质量,粗纱和细纱捻系数应偏大掌握,细纱后区牵伸倍数适中设置。     

不同纺纱方法的成纱机理及纱线耐磨性能研究

探讨传统环锭纺、集聚纺、赛络纺、集聚赛络纺、喷气涡流纺的成纱机理以及纱线耐磨性能。用这5种方法纺100%新疆长绒棉精梳11.6tex纱。对比测试了纱线的条干、毛羽、强力和耐磨性。结果表明:集聚赛络纱的各项质量指标和耐磨性均优于其他纺纱。虽然喷气涡流纱的强力和条干不如传统环锭纱,但是耐磨性和毛羽比传统环锭纱好。认为:在集聚纺、赛络纺、集聚赛络纺这样一些环锭纺纱新技术的纺纱过程中,集聚和并合作用都能提高纱线的耐磨性,集聚程度对纱线的耐磨性影响较大,并合作用相对较小。两种同时采用时,改善耐磨性的效果最好。同原料同号棉纱,其耐磨性与条干、强力、毛羽等性能呈现一定的相关关系,条干好、强力高、毛羽少的纱线耐磨性较好。     

两种包芯纱的工艺优选及质量对比

探讨传统环锭纺包芯纱与赛络纺包芯纱的细纱工艺参数优化及芯纱包覆效果、成纱质量对比。细纱工序选择钳口隔距、后区牵伸倍数和捻系数进行三因子三水平正交试验,对条干CV、强力、毛羽等成纱质量指标进行测试,得出条干CV值的优化工艺为:钳口隔距3.5mm,后区牵伸1.39倍,捻系数402。对传统环锭纺包芯纱与赛络纺包芯纱的芯纱包覆效果与成纱质量指标进行对比分析,结果表明:传统环锭纺包芯纱的包覆效果、成纱质量均优于赛络纺包芯纱。认为:无论是纺制传统环锭纺包芯纱还是赛络纺包芯纱,都应控制好芯纱的喂入位置,从而保证良好的芯纱包覆效果。     

磁性双S曲线牵伸在纺纯棉纱中的应用与效果

探讨磁性双S曲线牵伸纺纱系统用于纺制纯棉环锭纱的应用效果。介绍了磁性双S曲线牵伸机构的工作原理,采用磁性双S曲线牵伸系统和SKF牵伸系统纺制C 14.5tex环锭纱,测试并分析了两种牵伸系统纺出纱线的条干、断裂强力和毛羽等指标。结果表明:磁性双S曲线牵伸系统较SKF牵伸系统纺制的纱线条干不匀率明显改善,相同捻度下断裂强力有所提高,毛羽有所减少。认为:磁性双S曲线牵伸系统能有效提高纯棉环锭纱的成纱质量。     

Research on yarn qualities modified by mechanical false-twisting device

Abstract

In the ring-spinning process, the area between the front roller nip and twisting point is spinning triangle, and its geometry influences the fiber tension distribution in the spinning triangle directly and determines the properties of spun yarns. Therefore, in the paper, one kind of mechanical false-twisting device was introduced on the ring spinning, which can affect the twist propagation and change the spinning triangle geometry actively. First, the modification of the false-twisting device on the DTM129 ring-spinning frame was introduced. Taking the medium cotton yarn spinning as an example, corresponding ring yarn, Sirospun yarn, compact yarn were spun on the modified spinning frame under different designed twist factors, and the applicability of the false-twisting device on different spinning method was discussed. It is shown that comparing with the common yarn, the Hairiness and Strength of the modified yarns are all improved, and the effect of false-twisting device on yarn qualities is more effective for the low-twist yarn. Comparing with the ring spinning, the improvement degree of the modified compact spinning is a little smaller. Then, the long-staple cotton ring yarn, polyester and medium cotton blend ring yarn, polyester ring yarn were spun on the modified spinning frame under different designed twist factors, and the applicability of the false-twisting device on different fibers was discussed. It is shown that the influence of the false-twisting device on the long-staple cotton yarn and polyester yarn is little. That is, the false-twisting device given in the paper would be more applicable on the short fiber spinning under the low designed twist factor.     

Research on Sirospun yarn torque using airflow false twisting device

Yarn torque is one of the most important indexes of yarn quality, which is determined on the mechanical state of the constituent fibers and their configuration in the yarn. The fiber tension within a yarn was proposed to be the most influential factor governing the magnitude of yarn torque by Bennett and Postle. Therefore, the research on Sirospun yarn torque is investigated by analyzing the fiber tension at spinning triangle in this paper. Firstly, theoretical models of the fiber tension distributions at primary and final spinning triangles are presented, and corresponding residual torque within a yarn due to the fiber tension is given. The relationships between the yarn torque and the spinning triangle parameters are analyzed theoretically. Secondly, as an application of the proposed method, a modified Sirospun spinning system with an airflow false twisting device which can change spinning triangle parameters are investigated, and the properties of spun yarns produced by the modified system are evaluated and analyzed. It is shown that with the increasing airflow pressures, the Sirospun yarn shows a more and more uniform distribution of tensile and compressive stress within a yarn, and thus the yarn torque decreases correspondingly.     

棉/涤皮芯结构粗纱参数对其细纱结构与性能的影响

为探究皮芯粗纱参数对粗纱—细纱两步法纺制棉/涤皮芯结构短纤纱的外观形貌及性能的影响,研究皮芯粗纱纺纱工艺、粗纱定量、粗纱捻度,以及芯纤维含量等因素对棉/涤皮芯结构短纤纱的芯纤维外露比例和纱线性能的影响规律。并借助图像处理技术,实现了芯纤维外露比例的定量化测试。结果表明:当粗纱工序输出须条宽度由10.2 mm增至16.3 mm,皮芯粗纱中芯纤维束偏心度由26.5%降低至19.2%,细纱芯纤维外露比例降低11.3%(29.2 tex)和12.3%(19.4 tex);粗纱定量增大或捻系数减小,芯纤维外露比例降低;芯纤维涤纶含量由15%增加至25%,芯纤维外露比例增加35.6%(29.2 tex)和30.5%(19.4 tex)。     

低扭矩环锭纺纱原理及其单纱的结构和性能

本文主要回顾了低扭矩环锭纺纱技术的发展。通过讨论其纺纱三角区的特点,利用高速摄影技术对纺纱区捻度和张力分布的观察分析,系统地介绍了低扭矩纱的成纱原理。此外,结合示踪纤维技术,利用纱线结构连续测量分析系统对低扭矩环锭单纱和传统环锭单纱的内部结构进行分析,揭示了低扭矩纱独特的结构特点,如非同轴异形螺旋线结构,纤维片段局部反转现象等。这些特点解释了低扭矩纱及其织物具有优良物理性能的原因。同时,通过多个生产厂家提供的测试数据,对比分析了几代低扭矩环锭纱与传统环锭纱及其织物的物理性能,结果表明低扭矩环锭纱具有低捻高强、低残余扭矩和毛羽少等特点,其针织物经多次水洗后歪斜变形小和手感好,机织物具有较好的撕裂强力,断裂强力和耐磨擦性。最新一代低扭矩环锭纺纱技术显著地改善了高支纯棉纱的物理性能。     

两通道环锭纺单区牵伸纺制段彩竹节纱的方法及其特点

针对现有环锭纺细纱机纺制段彩竹节纱,饰纱须条受双区牵伸作用,存在段彩竹节复合片段长度波动较大,彩节形态稳定性差,影响织物产品花式效果的问题,提出一种基于单区牵伸的两通道纺纱装置纺制段彩竹节纱新方法,并解析双区牵伸、单区牵伸纺纱方法对段彩竹节纱复合片段成纱的影响因素及规律。借助纱线图像连续采集装置,对段彩竹节纱复合片段的特征参数进行测量与分析。结果表明:基于单区牵伸两通道环锭纺的段彩竹节纱,其段彩竹节片段长度稳定性和段彩竹节形态均优于双区牵伸环锭纺段彩竹节纱,20 mm短片段段彩竹节的长度变异系数由30.5％降低至16.3％,80 mm的中长片段段彩竹节的长度变异系数由10.1％降低至6.2％。     

降低细纱条干不匀率和毛羽的试验与探讨

针对细纱条干不匀和毛羽较多的问题 ,通过选用不同器材采用不同工艺进行对比试验 ,指出要降低细纱条干CV值需合理选择牵伸工艺、罗拉隔距、粗纱捻系数和胶辊 ;要减少细纱毛羽需合理选配导纱钩、锭子、集合器和钢领、钢丝圈。     

A study on siro-, solo-, compact-, and conventional ring-spun yarns. Part I: structural and migratory properties of the yarns

Properties of spun yarns are mainly affected by fiber properties and yarn structure. Yarn structure is principally influenced by the spinning system. In fact, each spinning system tends to produce a distinctive yarn structure. Recent refinements in spinning technologies have yielded significant improvement in yarn structure. Siro, solo and compact spinning are the new spinning systems to have made a breakthrough until recently. Of the various structural parameters for staple yarns, fiber migration has a crucial influence on the yarn mechanical properties. Thus, the need for precise and concise information about fiber migration becomes important for better understanding of yarn structure and hence yarn mechanical behavior. The work presented here aims to analyze fiber migration in siro-, solo-, compact-, and conventional ring-spun yarns by varying the twist factor. The results demonstrate that the siro-spun yarns exhibit the highest fiber migration parameters, followed by compact-spun yarns, solo-spun yarns, and conventional ring-spun yarns.     

涤长丝含量对毛涤嵌入式复合纱性能的影响

研究了涤纶长丝含量对嵌入式复合纺成纱性能的影响.以40 dtex涤纶长丝和毛粗纱为原料,其他纺纱工艺不变,在细纱小样机上通过改变嵌入式复合纱的线密度纺制各种毛涤嵌入式复合纱.随着毛涤嵌入式复合纱线密度的减小,复合纱中的涤纶丝含量逐渐增大,复合纱的断裂强力呈现逐渐减小的趋势,断裂伸长率处于波动的状态,条干CV值有振荡且逐步增大的趋势,毛羽指数变化也呈现出波动状态.相同线密度和捻度的毛涤嵌入式复合纱的成纱强伸性能比纯毛环锭纱优越.     

氨纶在粗纺细纱机上的应用及粗纺氨纶包芯纱性能的研究

氨纶已经成功应用于改装过的精纺系统用来纺制弹性包芯纱,但由于精纺系统同粗纺系统在牵伸装置上存在较大差异,所以无法在毛粗纺系统上应用相同的改装设备来纺制毛粗纺氨纶包芯纱.介绍了一种在毛粗纺系统中引入氨纶的方法,以此方法纺制出的包芯纱具有良好的外观和品质.进行了一系列试验来研究氨纶的牵伸倍数和纱线捻系数对包芯纱拉伸性能和弹性的影响.结果显示,当氨纶牵伸倍数为2.5,捻系数为13.63时,包芯纱的强度和断裂伸长值最大.