现代粮食物流的现状分析及对策初探

粮食流通体制市场化改革的深入,"大粮食、大市场、大流通"框架的确立,传统粮食流通与现代粮食物流业的结构性磨擦的日益升级,必将带来粮食流通模式的大改变,现代粮食物流业的大发展.发展现代粮食物流业需要的是创新的意识,创新的思路,创新的机制.认为构建现代粮食物流新模式可以从"产业链条化、交易规范化、信息现代化"入手,进而将企业人力、物资、财力、技术、信息等资源充分整合,实现企业效益最大化.     

七台河市粮食流通“十三五”发展规划思路

正为适应新形势需要,立足七台河市粮食流通实际情况,推进区域粮食流通产业"十三五"时期持续健康发展,提出如下规划思路:一、粮食行业面临新形势和新要求党的十八届五中全会和省委十一届六次全会先后提出的《制定国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划的建议》。"十三五"时期,随着"创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享"的新发展理念的贯彻落实,我国发展全局     

立足新起点 抢抓新机遇 迎接新挑战 构筑新格局——学习贯彻党的十八大精神加快黑龙江省粮食流通改革与发展

文章围绕认真学习、深刻领会胡锦涛同志在十八大报告中关于"确保国家粮食安全和重要农产品有效供给"的重要精神,牢牢把握党的十八大对粮食流通工作提出的目标要求,系统回顾总结了党的十六大以来十年间我省粮食流通体制改革与发展的主要成效,分析了面临的新机遇和新挑战,展望了未来发展的新格局。     

立足新起点 抢抓新机遇 迎接新挑战 构筑新格局——学习贯彻党的十八大精神加快黑龙江省粮食流通改革与发展

文章围绕认真学习、深刻领会胡锦涛同志在十八大报告中关于"确保国家粮食安全和重要农产品有效供给"的重要精神,牢牢把握党的十八大对粮食流通工作提出的目标要求,系统回顾总结了党的十六大以来十年间我省粮食流通体制改革与发展的主要成效,分析了面临的新机遇和新挑战,展望了未来发展的新格局。     

国家粮食和物资储备局：“十四五”时期将打造优质粮食工程升级版

正近期,国家粮食和物资储备局新闻发言人、规划建设司司长钱毅表示,深入推进优质粮食工程,加快粮食产业高质量发展,是未雨绸缪增强应对风险挑战能力,在更高层次上保障国家粮食安全的现实需要;是继完成脱贫攻坚任务后,助力乡村全面振兴的现实需要;是提高粮食流通现代化水平,积极融入新发展格局的现实需要。"十四五"时期,是打造优质粮食工程升级版的关键期、是粮食产业高质量发展的攻坚期,     

对我国粮食安全问题的新思考

1996年我国粮食产量首次超过5亿吨、钢产量首次超过1亿吨,标志着我国进入一个供给大于需求的"买方市场",至今我国是粮食、钢铁的生产大国(粮食5.8亿吨、钢铁超过7亿吨)、贸易大国、消费大国.2012年,我国粮食"九连丰",2013年夏粮超过"十连丰"已确信无疑,我国粮食生产进入到一个新的历史时期.笔者认为,2013年粮食总产量是否"十连丰"并非特别重要,关键是我国粮食生产、流通、消费如何发展,是否能够做到联动发展,这比单一的产量增长目标更为重要、更有意义.     

适应"入世"形势迎接"入世"挑战

粮食企业为适应入世形势的需要,迎接"入世"的挑战,当务之急的是继续深化粮食流通体制改革,实行"科教兴粮"战略,加强企业管理,实施品牌战略.     

高质量构建粮食安全新格局

构建高质量粮食安全新格局,应从粮食安全的实际出发,增强粮食生产、储备、流通"三个能力",进一步服务好粮食宏观调控,夺取全面建设社会主义现代化国家新胜利.     

关于黑龙江省现代粮食流通产业发展的研究

黑龙江省是粮食主产区,国家重要的商品粮基地.经过多年建设,粮食综合生产能力不断提高,粮食流通体制改革取得突破性进展,现代粮食流通产业发展正处在关键转折时期.应当适应加快发展现代农业和新型工业化进程的新形势需要,进一步确立粮食流通产业发展目标定位,加强现代粮食流通产业体系建设,实施重点建设工程,推动粮食流通产业结构优化升级,全面增强粮食流通能力.     

关于农村粮食经纪人队伍建设的调查与思考

近年来,随着粮食流通体制改革的不断深化,粮食购销市场化程度越来越高,农村粮食经纪人已经由过去的"粮贩子"逐步发展成为粮食流通领域中不可忽视的力量.2007年中央1号文件明确提出"积极发展多元化市场流通主体.加快培育农村经纪人、农产品运销专业户和农村各类流通中介组织".     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

Heavy metals in vegetables sold in the local market in Jordan

Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in various vegetables (cabbage, green onion, lettuce, parsley, rocket, spinach, carrot, onion, potato and cauliflower) from the market in Jordan were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.009–0.275 mg kg^?1 wet weight, 0.004–0.060 mg kg^?1, 0.003–0.401 mg kg^?1, 0.105–3.51 mg kg^?1, 0.15–1.15 mg kg^?1, 0.93–14.39 mg kg^?1, 0.044–0.702 mg kg^?1, 0.072–0.289 mg kg^?1 and 2.23–6.65 mg kg^?1, respectively. Parsley, followed by spinach, contained the highest concentration of heavy metals. Onion contained high levels of toxic heavy metals. The content of Cu in parsley and spinach and Pb in onion exceeded the Codex limits. However, the daily intake of heavy metals from the tested vegetables was lower than the maximum limits for allowable intake.