谷朊粉糖基化改性对其结构及溶解性的影响

本试验使用葡聚糖对谷朊粉进行干法糖基化改性。研究了反应温度、时间以及糖与谷朊粉的配比对反应接枝物溶解度的影响,优化了制备最佳溶解度接枝物的工艺条件。同时研究了接枝物在不同p H以及温度条件下的稳定性。并通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和电子显微镜(SEM)扫描方法证实了糖基化的发生及糖蛋白结构的变化。结果表明,在反应温度59℃,葡聚糖/谷朊粉(m/m)280%,反应时间12 d(288 h)的条件下接枝物的溶解度最高,为1.923 mg/m L。在p H较高或较低以及谷朊粉等电点等情况下,接枝物的功能特性均处于较高水平,且具有良好的稳定性。通过红外扫描分析可知,改性后蛋白质的二级结构发生了很明显的改变,其β折叠有所减少,α螺旋、转角结构的含量得到一定程度的增加,而糖基化改性对无规则卷曲结构的影响不大,通过电镜扫描分析可知,糖基化改性后蛋白质的分子体积增大。     

糖基化改性对谷朊粉功能性质的影响

采用葡萄糖、乳糖和葡聚糖对谷朊粉进行糖基化改性,研究糖基化改性对谷朊粉功能性质的影响.结果表明:谷朊粉与葡萄糖和乳糖的反应速度比葡聚糖高,体系的褐变程度和接枝度也比葡聚糖大;三种糖与谷朊粉反应后均能改善谷朊粉的溶解性,且最大溶解度相当,约为反应前的3倍;糖基化反应也能增强谷朊粉的乳化性,其中谷朊粉与葡聚糖反应产物的乳化活性和乳化稳定性明显高于谷朊粉与葡萄糖和乳糖的反应产物;此外,糖基化使谷朊粉的表面疏水性增加,并且谷朊粉与葡萄糖和乳糖的反应产物的表面疏水性增加程度高于谷朊粉与葡聚糖的反应产物.     

谷朊粉糖基化改性及其工艺优化

该实验以谷朊粉和果糖为主要原料,采用干法制备其接枝耦联产物,从而提高谷朊粉的功能特性和应用价值。实验分析了反应时间、反应温度、谷朊粉/果糖(W/W)对糖基化接枝物的溶解度的影响。并利用响应面法优化了谷朊粉与果糖接枝反应的工艺参数。研究结果表明:最佳反应条件为反应温度51℃,谷朊粉/果糖(W/W)90%,反应时间2.5 d(60 h),此时的平均溶解度为4.21 mg/m L,比天然谷朊粉提高了约12倍。     

基于Box-Behnken模型改善谷朊粉溶解性的糖基化制备技术

谷朊粉溶解度低,限制了其应用。采用糖基化的化学改性方式来改善其功能特性,旨在拓宽谷朊粉的应用途径,为植物蛋白的开发提供理论依据。以溶解度为考察目标,利用Box-Behnken模型对美拉德反应条件进行优化,分析糖基化产物的枝接度与溶解度的关系,评估糖基化产物稳定性。研究结果显示,获得溶解性最好的反应条件为:反应温度48.99℃,谷朊粉/葡萄糖(m/m)191.65%,反应时间1.12 d,此时接枝物的溶解度为1.79 mg/m L。枝接度与溶解度之间关系符合Lorentz函数,拟合曲线复合相关系数显著;与谷朊粉相比,枝接物的热稳定性及抗酸碱能力较强。糖基化是一种提高谷朊粉溶解度的有效途径。     

碱性蛋白酶对谷朊粉改性的研究

利用碱性蛋白酶对谷朊粉进行改性,研究了底物浓度、酶浓度、温度、pH值对谷朊粉乳化性的影响,在此基础上通过正交试验,探索碱性蛋白酶水解谷朊粉提高溶解度、水解度、乳化性及乳化稳定性的最佳反应条件。最佳水解条件为：底物浓度8.0%、pH值8.5、反应温度60℃、酶浓度0.09%。此时谷朊粉的溶解度为24.77%,水解度为12.73%,乳化性为71.43%,酶解效果显著。     

谷朊的糖基化及其谷氨酰胺转氨酶脱酰胺改性研究

谷朊富含谷氨酰胺和较多的疏水性氨基酸,具有不溶于水等独特性质。试验采用糖基化和谷氨酰胺转氨酶对谷朊改性,使蛋白质分子带有更多的极性基团,从而使其功能性质得到改善。研究首先在60℃,75%的相对湿度下对谷朊进行糖基化,当谷朊与葡萄糖和葡聚糖的质量比均为10∶1,Maillard反应时间24h,糖基化后的谷朊可利用的ε-NH2分别下降了40%和20%左右。2种糖基化谷朊在底物浓度为5%,谷氨酰胺转氨酶(MTG)浓度为100 U/g谷朊,在pH 6.0,37℃条件下进行脱酰胺改性,MTG作用7 h后,葡萄糖和葡聚糖糖基化谷朊氨释放量分别达到40μM氨/g蛋白和50μM氨/g蛋白,高于非糖基化谷朊的31μM氨/g蛋白,经MTG改性后的糖基化谷朊表面疏水性和溶解性有小幅度的提高,但持水性和持油性有较大提高。     

响应面优化超声辅助裸燕麦蛋白/β-葡聚糖糖基化改性工艺

以裸燕麦蛋白、β-葡聚糖为原料进行糖基化改性,利用超声波辅助优化改性工艺条件。通过单因素实验,比较分析了超声时间、超声功率、超声温度和β-葡聚糖与裸燕麦蛋白质量比对接枝度和溶解度的影响,并利用Box-Benhnken原理对4个单因素进行响应面优化,以接枝度为指标,得到了裸燕麦蛋白糖基化改性的最优工艺条件为:超声时间95 min,超声功率240 W,超声温度75℃,β-葡聚糖与裸燕麦蛋白质量比为2:1,此时糖基化改性的接枝度为35.79%±0.86%。与未超声处理的裸燕麦蛋白糖基化改性相比,接枝度提高了2.34倍。结果表明,超声波辅助对裸燕麦蛋白糖基化改性过程有较大的促进作用。     

几种小麦谷朊粉性能比较

小麦谷朊粉是小麦淀粉加工和其他深加工副产物。分析研究了几种小麦谷朊粉组成和功能性质以及温度、pH值对谷朊粉持水能力和溶解性能的影响,结果表明蛋白溶胀指数越小,其性能越好;在pH值10～12,温度60～70℃,谷朊粉的持水能力和溶解度都较为理想,是小麦谷朊粉加工改性较理想的条件。     

利用转谷氨酰胺酶提高谷朊粉乳化性研究

转谷氨酰胺酶是一种催化蛋白质分子交联酶类,利用其对谷朊粉乳化性进行改良,研究酶浓度、底物浓度、pH值、反应时间、反应温度对谷朊粉乳化活性和乳化稳定性影响;在此基础上通过正交实验,探索转谷氨酰胺酶酶解谷朊粉提高乳化性最佳反应条件。分析发现五个因素对谷朊粉乳化性影响由强到弱顺序为:pH值、谷朊粉浓度、温度、时间和酶浓度。最佳酶解条件为:谷朊粉浓度为6.0%,酶浓度1.0%,反应时间为1.0h,pH值为5.0,反应温度为45℃;此时谷朊粉乳化活性为84.9%,乳化稳定性为85.7%,比酶解前谷朊粉乳化性有明显提高。     

盐酸处理对谷朊粉理化性质改良的研究

利用盐酸处理改善谷朊粉的溶解度、乳化性、起泡性等理化性质,研究盐酸与谷朊粉的相对浓度、反应温度、反应时间、盐酸浓度对谷朊粉理化性质的影响。结果表明,盐酸处理改良谷朊粉理化性质的最佳条件:谷朊粉质量百分比为8%,盐酸∶谷朊粉为3.5∶100(质量比),反应温度65℃。试验证明,盐酸处理对谷朊粉的溶解度、乳化性及其稳定性、起泡性及其稳定性都有显著作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the