活性炭滤嘴对卷烟主流烟气中香味成分截留规律的影响

以活性炭滤嘴卷烟、普通滤嘴卷烟为研究对象,采用单因素试验确定活性炭颗粒、丝束中香味成分的最优萃取条件,利用气相色谱-质谱技术(GC-MS)对两种卷烟抽吸后的烟蒂及主流烟气中的香味成分进行检测,比较两种卷烟香味成分的差异性,分析活性炭滤嘴对卷烟主流烟气中香味成分的截留规律。结果表明：1)活性炭颗粒最优萃取条件为以二氯甲烷作为萃取溶剂、萃取液体积25 mL、萃取时间为25 min、萃取温度为25℃;丝束最优萃取条件为以乙醇作为萃取溶剂、萃取液体积50 mL、萃取时间为35 min、萃取温度为30℃;2)活性炭颗粒截留的香味成分多为小分子物质;活性炭滤嘴卷烟丝束对香味成分的截留量均低于普通滤嘴卷烟丝束;整体上活性炭滤嘴对香味成分的截留量低于普通滤嘴,活性炭滤嘴卷烟主流烟气粒相物中香味成分的总含量高于普通滤嘴卷烟;3)活性炭滤嘴对主流烟气中大多数物质的截留率均低于普通滤嘴,其中大分子物质的截留率差异明显。     

卷烟烟气粒相物中挥发性香味成分的分析研究

为建立一种卷烟烟气粒相物中挥发性香味成分的分析方法,以挥发性香味成分的测定值为指标,考察了不同萃取剂对测定结果的影响,最终确定以甲醇为萃取剂;通过对样品进行GC/MS分析,进行质谱检索,结合匹配度,确定了样品中的目标组分;将同种卷烟样品平行测定5次,卷烟烟气粒相挥发香味成分的相对标准偏差在1.98%~7.88%,所测烟气粒相物挥发性香味成分的平均回收率在85.26%~105.59%之间,说明该优化方法可行,适于卷烟烟气粒相物中挥发性香味成分的分析。     

HS-SPME-GC/MS法测定主流烟气中8种香味成分的逐口释放量

建立了测定卷烟主流烟气粒相物中香味成分的顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(HS-SPME-GC/MS)方法,并采用该方法定量测定了卷烟主流烟气中8种香味成分(吡啶、吡咯、糠醛、5-甲基糠醛、3-甲基吡啶、D-柠檬烯、2,3,5,6-四甲基吡嗪和β-大马酮)的逐口释放量。结果表明:1选用85μm碳分子筛/聚二甲基硅氧烷(CAR/PDMS)的固相微萃取头、萃取温度及时间为60℃和60 min、解吸温度及时间为250℃和8 min时,固相微萃取的效率最高;2在优化条件下,8种香味成分标样的工作曲线线性相关系数、相对标准偏差及加标回收率分别为0.969 8~0.999 5、3.8%~9.0%和78%~105%;3在卷烟燃吸过程中香味成分与烟碱的主流烟气递送规律存在明显的区别。随着抽吸口序的增加,主流烟气中总粒相物和烟碱释放量呈上升趋势,而8种香味成分的逐口主流烟气释放量比较平稳。     

荔枝壳提取物的分析及在卷烟中的应用

采用同时蒸馏萃取和GC/MS法分析了荔枝壳提取物的挥发性成分,并进行了卷烟加料试验.结果表明:①荔枝壳提取物中含有单萜烯、倍半萜烯及其衍生物、呋喃类等重要的烟草香味物质;②荔枝壳提取物具有提高卷烟烟气饱满度、甜润度,增加烟香和回甜感,除杂降刺和改善余味的作用.荔枝壳提取物可作为一种新型天然香料用于卷烟加料.     

接装纸和成形纸透气度对主流烟气中碱性香味成分的影响

为研究卷烟接装纸和成形纸对烟气中碱性香味成分的影响,采用GC/MS法对不同接装纸和成形纸透气度卷烟中烟气粒相物和气相物中的碱性香味成分进行了分析.结果表明:分子量小、沸点低的碱性香味成分在气粒相均有分布;成形纸透气度对烟气中碱性香味成分影响较小;接装纸透气度对烟气中碱性香味成分影响显著;随着接装纸和成形纸透气度的增加,烟气中碱性香味成分释放量降低.     

烟草二氧化碳超临界萃取物的初步研究

初步探索了二氧化碳超临界流体萃取烟草成分的技术参数,采用气相色谱仪和气质联用仪分析了烟草萃取物.结果表明,二氧化碳超临界萃取物以非极性和弱极性化合物为主.另外对上海烟草(集团)公司的4种牌号卷烟产品萃取物的相对定量分析结果表明,"中华"牌卷烟的萃取物含量最高,"双喜"次之,"牡丹"第三,"前门"的最低.     

水松纸通风度对卷烟主流烟气中常规成分及香味成分的影响

选用5种不同通风度(0 CU,100 CU,400 CU,800 CU,1 200 CU)水松纸制备卷烟样品,考察不同卷烟样品主流烟气常规成分和17种香味成分的释放量及气相物/粒相物分配比,并对不同卷烟样品进行感官评吸.结果表明:卷烟主流烟气中常规成分释放量和香味成分的总释放量均随着水松纸通风度的增加而降低;香味成分的气相物/粒相物分配比随着水松纸通风度的增加几乎都逐渐升高;因此,在实际生产中选择水松纸,以通风度400 CU为宜.     

固相微萃取GC—MS技术分析果味香味剂成分的研究

应用SPME对果味香味剂中香味物质进行萃取,并对影响萃取效果的因素及实验参数加以探讨、优化,进而确定最佳萃取条件,同时结合GC-MS对萃取的香味成分进行分析鉴定.为果味香味剂中香味物质成分的快速测定及进一步研究提供技术保证.     

玫瑰精油香味成分分析及在卷烟加香中的应用

为考察不同玫瑰精油的香味成分差异及对卷烟烟气感官质量的影响,通过优化前处理和仪器条件,采用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC/MS)方法分析了5种玫瑰精油样品。结果表明:(1)优化确定的实验条件为,50μL玫瑰精油样品,用粉色萃取头在80℃下萃取30 min,解吸3 min后进行GC/MS分析。(2)从5种玫瑰精油样品中共检测出191种香味成分,包括醇类52种、烯类42种,酯类39种、醛类15种、烷烃15种、酮类8种和其他成分20种;主要的香味成分为醇类物质。(3)5种玫瑰精油样品香味成分的选择相似性指数(SSI)分析表明,共检出指标相似度最高的样品为保加利亚玫瑰精油-土耳其玫瑰精油,其次是保加利亚玫瑰精油-中国甘肃玫瑰精油。(4)感官评价结果表明,5种玫瑰精油样品中,保加利亚玫瑰精油的卷烟加香效果最好;与保加利亚玫瑰精油样品相比,玫瑰精油样品的香味成分SSI越高,则加入该精油的卷烟烟气感官质量越好。     

CO2超临界提取双轮底酒醅中香味成分的工艺研究

选用4因素3水平的正交试验设计L9（3^4）方法，应用二氧化碳超临界流体萃取技术提取双轮底酒醅中香味成分，考察了萃取压力、温度、夹带剂、时间等4因素对萃取量的影响，从而确定超临界二氧化碳萃取双轮底酒醅中香味成分的最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明，萃取的最佳工艺参数为压力30MPa，温度43℃，夹带剂20％，时间40min。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the