浆态鼓泡床反应器气液传质特性的研究进展

本文总结了有关浆态鼓泡床反应器气液传质特性的研究成果。详细地阐述了主要影响因素如系统压力、温度、气体表观气速、液体性质,固体浓度及其物性等对传质特性的影响,并对浆态鼓泡床传质模型进行了归纳介绍,最后对反应器未来的研究方向进行了预测。     

气液固三相床中合成甲醇与二甲醚

叙述了气液固三相催化反应技术的主要特点和应用领域，并着重介绍了三相床合成甲醇和二甲醚的试验研究内容和成果。     

气液固三相床中甲醇合成与二甲醚合成

介绍气，液，固三相催化反应技术的主要特点和应用领域，并着重介绍了三相床甲醇合成和二甲醚合成的试验研究成果。     

合成气制二甲醚三相淤浆床反应器气含率

引　言二甲醚是近年来国内外竞相开发、性能优越的碳一化工产品 .二甲醚不仅是从合成气制汽油、低碳烯烃的重要中间体 ,而且也是多种化工产品的重要原料 .同时由于二甲醚具有优良的燃烧性能和高的辛烷值 ,作为柴油的替代品日益引起人们的普遍关注 .随着对环境和生态平衡保护力度的加大 ,二甲醚的作用和地位将越来越重要 .与传统的采用固定床反应器以甲醇为原料脱水生成二甲醚的生产工艺相比 ,以煤或天然气为原料 ,通过合成气在三相淤浆床反应器中一步法合成二甲醚新工艺具有巨大的优越性 .三相淤浆床反应器流体力学性质十分复杂 ,目前还不能…     

浆态床反应器气含率研究进展

介绍了浆态床反应器应用现状和对浆态床反应器进行气含率研究的重要性,详细介绍了浆态床反应器气含率的研究方法,重点讨论了对气含率生产影响的各种因素,对浆态床反应器流体力学研究具有指导意义和参考价值.     

气液固三相环流反应器的研究进展

综述了气液固三相环流反应器的类型及工作原理、气液固三相环流反应器的特性参数(气含率、固含率、循环液速、液相体积传质系数、轴向分散系数)的测量方法和影响因素，介绍了特性参数的数学模型。并对现有模型进行了评述。对今后的研究提出一些建议。     

费托合成浆态床反应器模型研究进展

基于文献中的热态研究成果,总结了费托合成浆态床反应器模型的研究进展,并根据流动状态的理想性、气泡分类、模型的维度和模型研究方法对相关的研究工作进行了梳理和总结. 经过分析归纳,认为费托合成浆态床反应器模型的复杂度日益提高,与实际反应情况越来越接近,结合CFD技术,以多维度、多气泡群、非理想流动为特征的模型是未来研究工作的趋势. 对模型建立过程中必需的气液平衡和产物分布计算方法进行了系统的调研与分析,认为Henry定律适于合成气溶解度计算,而状态方程适于产物分布计算.     

气液固三相固定床反应器的现状和进展

气液固三相固定床反应器在化工领域中起着十分重要的作用。本文概括了我国目前现有设备的总体情况,分析了国外的技术现状及发展趋势,并提出今后重点发展项目的建议。     

高温高压浆态鼓泡床反应器中的气-液传质

The gas-liquid mass transfer of H2 and CO in a high temperature and high-pressure three-phase slurry bubble column reactor is studied. The gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficients kLa are obtained by measuring the dissolution rate of H2 and CO. The influences of the main operation conditions, such as temperature, pressure,superficial gas velocity and solid concentration, are studied systematically. Two empirical correlations are proposed to predict kLa values for H2 and CO in liquid paraffln/solid particles slurry bubble column reactors.     

浆态床鼓泡反应器(SBCR)的研究进展

文章综述了浆态床鼓泡反应器的研究进展。主要介绍了浆态床鼓泡反应器中流型、相含率、气泡动力学等流体力学特性以及操作条件对流体力学特性的影响,并对浆态床鼓泡反应器的发展提出展望。     

Catalyst mixing in bubble column slurry reactors

The reported experimental data of Pandit and Joshi (1984) on axial and radial steady-state catalyst concentration in a semibatch bubble column slurry reactor is interpreted by the dispersion model. The elliptic partial differential equation with its associated boundary conditions is solved analytically for catalyst concentration by the method of separation of variables. The proposed model adequately fits the experimental data.     

Liquid-Solid mass transfer in a slurry bubble column and a gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluidized bed

Mass transfer coefficients between particles and liquids in a slurry bubble column and a three-phase fluidized bed containing small size particles were obtained with two mass transfer systems: (1) K⁺ –Na⁺ ion-exchange in cation-exchange resin bead beds, including anion-exchange resin beads as inert particles; (2) zinc dissolution by HCl in zinc-plated glass bead beds, and in beds of non-plated glass beads. Operating parameters were gas velocity, liquid velocity, particle diameter, and particle concentration. The dependence of mass transfer coefficients on these parameters is discussed from the viewpoint of the energy supplied into the systems. Correlations of the experimental data using dimensionless groups are compared to previous correlations.     

三相强制外循环环流反应器内的局部气泡行为

为适应新兴的工艺过程，提出一种带有强制外循环的中心气升式内环流反应器。根据结构特点及流动状态不同，将强制外循环环流反应器分为6个流动区域，即环流反应器底部区、气体分布器影响区、浆液进料影响区、导流筒上行区、气液分离区和环隙区。研究了不同流动区域内的局部气泡特性。发现不同流动区域内气泡直径沿径向的分布有较大差异，倒锥形底部结构显著影响了环流气泡的数量与直径。推导出了不同流动区域内平均气泡直径的理论模型，模型结果与实验数据吻合较好。     

Simultaneous effect of particle size and solid concentration on the hydrodynamics of slurry bubble column reactors

The simultaneous effect of particle size and concentration on the total gas holdup of slurry bubble column reactors was investigated in this work. The total gas holdup was measured for air–water–glass beads systems. Three solid concentrations and three particle diameters were used. It was found that increasing particle size at high constant concentration decreases gas holdup. Moreover, increasing solid concentration decreases gas holdup and this decreasing effect is higher for larger particles. Also, solid particles have two effects on hydrodynamics, namely, changing the viscosity and density of the liquid phase as well as hindering the bubbles from rising within the column by the collision phenomenon. Therefore, a novel correcting factor was introduced to correct the gas holdup. The hindering factor considers both the collision efficiency affected by the particle size as well as the solid concentration. A novel correlation was developed to predict the experimental data of the three-phase gas holdup.     

气液固微型流化床的气液传质系数

气液固微型流化床兼具微流控系统和宏观流化床的优点,具有潜在的工业应用价值,但是,其应用基础研究十分缺乏。采用床径为1.6、2.0、2.4 mm的微型流化床,平均粒径为160、190、220 μm的玻璃珠,以NaOH水溶液吸收CO₂气体为气液传质研究物系,在三相流动研究的基础上,考察了表观气速、表观液速、床径、粒径等对三相微型流化床气液体积传质系数的影响。结果表明：给定其他条件,增加表观气速和表观液速,均使气液体积传质系数增大;表观气速主要改变气含率和气液相界面积,而表观液速主要改变液相传质系数;床径减小,气液相界面积和气液体积传质系数都有所增加;在气液两相微型鼓泡塔中加入固体颗粒,形成三相分散鼓泡流型,当其固含率在0.15~0.30范围内,可显著增强气液传质,其气液体积传质系数是气液微鼓泡塔的1.1~1.5倍;与宏观流化床相比,相同条件下微型床的相界面积为它的5~10倍,是微型流化床具有更大体积传质系数的主要影响因素。     

气液固微型流化床的气液传质系数

气液固微型流化床兼具微流控系统和宏观流化床的优点,具有潜在的工业应用价值,但是,其应用基础研究十分缺乏。采用床径为1.6、2.0、2.4 mm的微型流化床,平均粒径为160、190、220 μm的玻璃珠,以NaOH水溶液吸收CO₂气体为气液传质研究物系,在三相流动研究的基础上,考察了表观气速、表观液速、床径、粒径等对三相微型流化床气液体积传质系数的影响。结果表明：给定其他条件,增加表观气速和表观液速,均使气液体积传质系数增大;表观气速主要改变气含率和气液相界面积,而表观液速主要改变液相传质系数;床径减小,气液相界面积和气液体积传质系数都有所增加;在气液两相微型鼓泡塔中加入固体颗粒,形成三相分散鼓泡流型,当其固含率在0.15~0.30范围内,可显著增强气液传质,其气液体积传质系数是气液微鼓泡塔的1.1~1.5倍;与宏观流化床相比,相同条件下微型床的相界面积为它的5~10倍,是微型流化床具有更大体积传质系数的主要影响因素。     

助剂辅助催化裂化油浆离心-静电组合脱固工艺

提出先对催化裂化（FCC）油浆进行预处理再进行静电脱固的方法,加入助剂降低油浆体系的黏度,并辅助离心分离脱除沥青质,降低FCC油浆中沥青质在静电塔填料上的“竞争吸附”,从而提高静电脱固的效率。研究表明,FCC油浆A中的固体颗粒90%左右是催化剂颗粒,且颗粒粒径较小,大部分集中在15 \mathrm{\mu } \mathrm{m} 以内,其余为焦粉颗粒,较难分离。当加入多功能复合助剂MCA-B,助剂加入比例为油浆的150%（质量比）后,油浆A体系的黏度降低至0.85mm²/s（80℃）,可满足静电脱固的黏度要求。再进行离心条件为离心力3819g,离心时间10min的离心实验,使得油浆A中的胶质和沥青质分别降低了6.34%和58.82%。最后在静电电压14kV,静电温度70℃,静电稳定时间30min的条件下进行静电脱固,在此实验条件下油浆A和油浆B的脱固效率都可达到98%以上,能够将油浆中的固含量降低到30~60μg/g,可满足作为生产高附加值产品原料的固含量要求。     

Review on the effect of heat exchanger tubes on flow behavior and heat/mass transfer of the bubble/slurry reactors

Bubble/Slurry bubble column reactors(BCR/SBCR) are intensively used as multiphase reactors for a wide range of application in the chemical, biochemical and petrochemical industries. Most of these applications involve complicate gas–liquid/gas–liquid–solid flow behavior and exothermic process, thus it is necessary to equip the BCR/SBCR with heat exchanger tubes to remove the heat and govern the performance of the reactor. Amounts of experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to describe the phenomena taking place in BCR/SBCRs with heat exchanger tubes. Unfortunately, little effort has been put on reviewing the experiments and simulations for examining the effect of internals on the performance and hydrodynamics of BCR/SBCR. The objective of this work is to give a state-of-the-art review of the literature on the effects of heat exchanger tubes with different types and configurations on flow behavior and heat/mass transfer, then provide adequate information and scientific basis for the design and the development of heat exchanger tubes in BCR/SBCR, ultimately provide reasonable suggestions for better comprehend the performance of different heat exchanger tubes on hydrodynamics.     

Gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid reactors for the alkylation of benzene with propylene

This work deals with the mathematic models and improvement of four kinds of gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid reactors for producing cumene by catalytic reaction, i.e., fixed-bed reactor, fixed-bed catalytic distillation (FCD) column, suspension catalytic distillation (SCD) column and ionic-liquid catalytic distillation (ICD) column. The fixed-bed reactor was improved by changing the particle diameter of catalyst and no extra equipment was needed. The FCD and SCD columns were, respectively, improved by carrying out alkylation and transalkylation simultaneously in a column, which also may hold for the ICD column, in which, however, the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to take into account the influence of ionic liquid on vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE).