液相烧结氧化铝和氧化钇稳定四方氧化锆复相材料的显微结构与力学性能

以TiO2，MnO2及CaO—Al2O3-SiO2玻璃为烧结助剂，利用液相烧结法制备了氧化铝和3％氧化钇稳定四方氧化锆复相材料。研究了烧结助荆对材料致密化、显微结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明：除TiO2可与ZrO2晶粒形成部分固溶外，烧结助剂主要以晶间玻璃相的形式存在，并影响了Y2P3在ZrO2晶粒中的分布。烧结助荆的引入显著促进材料的致密化，降低了烧结温度，使材料具有细晶结构，因而具有良好的力学性能。     

MgO-ZrO2-C材料的性能和显微结构

研究了在MgO-C耐火材料中添加单斜氧化锆或锆英石所形成的MgO-ZrO2-C材料的性能和显微结构.结果表明(1)加入单斜氧化锆和锆英石导致材料的高温抗折强度降低.(2)热震温度低于1000 ℃时,加入不同量的单斜氧化锆或锆英石对材料抗折强度损失率的影响较小;而热震温度为1200 ℃时,不同的添加量有较大的差别,当单斜氧化锆的添加量为5%～7%,锆英石的添加量为1.54%时,MgO-ZrO2-C材料的抗折强度损失率最小.(3)添加的单斜氧化锆在1200 ℃的热震温度下有部分ZrO2固溶到了镁砂颗粒的内部;而添加的锆英石在1200 ℃下变化轻微,但在1400 ℃下,材料中仅存在少量未分解或分解不完全的锆英石,MgO由基质向锆英石颗粒内部扩散,导致分解完全的锆英石颗粒转变为ZrO2、CMS和c- ZrO2小颗粒.     

MgO－Al_2O_3－ZrO_2质耐火材料的显微结构分析

在方镁石－尖晶石－ＺｒＯ２－硅酸盐相结构中，发现由于ＺｒＯ２的存在，可提高主晶相方镁石与尖晶石的结构完整性。同时ＺｒＯ２又吸收并富集了大量的ＣａＯ成分，形成ＣａＺｒＯ３布于晶间，阻断硅酸盐相的扩散路径，封闭气孔．并有形成原位生长的含有ＣａＯ·ＺｒＯ２高粘弹基质相的趋势，在遇渣侵蚀时这种现象更为明显。     

锆莫来石材料的反应烧结机制和显微结构特征

研究了用锆英石和工业氧化铝合成锆莫来石材料的反应烧结过程和显微结构。结果表明，添加适量ＭｇＣｌ２·６Ｈ２Ｏ可以促进反应烧结进程。锆英石大颗粒完全分解以后形成ＺｒＯ２聚集体，结构中出现封闭气孔可能与ＺｒＯ２聚集体有密切关系。加入ＭｇＣｌ２·６Ｈ２Ｏ后锆莫来石材料显微结构的主要特征：ＺｒＯ２有聚集体和均匀分布两种赋存形式；封闭气孔一般与ＺｒＯ２聚集体相邻。     

微波烧结和玻璃渗透制备ZrO_2全瓷材料

以3Y-TZP粉体为基体、5%NH4HCO3为造孔剂,通过混合、压制成型后在不同温度进行微波烧结和1 250℃玻璃渗透制备ZrO2全瓷材料。结果表明:微波烧结后原3Y-TZP中的单斜相全部转变为四方相,并且通过渗透后物相不变。各个不同温度微波烧结后再渗透试样的密度和显微硬度比未渗透有一定程度提高,断裂韧性和抗弯强度显著提高,其中1 200℃微波烧结后再渗透的试样晶粒尺寸细小、均匀,其密度、显微硬度、断裂韧性和抗弯强度最高,达到5.88g/cm3、10.56GPa、12.01MPa·m1/2和522.37MPa,分别比未渗透提高了2.1%、0.6%、41.0%和55.1%。     

MgO对原位烧结含锆莫来石材料性能影响的研究

初步研究了氧化镁对原位烧结含锆莫来石陶瓷性能的影响,经XRD分析表明:由于氧化镁的引入,在材料烧结过程中,有部分镁铝尖晶石的形成,同时在原位状态下也能形成部分Mg稳定的ZrO2,这对于形成氧化锆/镁铝尖晶石/莫来石热梯度晶相组成以减缓热应力十分有利,而且随着氧化镁加入量的增大,镁铝尖晶石、四方相氧化锆形成的量增多;并研究了材料抗热震系数达到最佳时的氧化镁加入量。     

烧结助剂对氮化硅陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响

氮化硅中氮原子和硅原子的自扩散系数很低，致密化所必需的扩散速度和烧结驱动力都很小，在烧结过程中需采用烧结助剂。烧结助剂是影响氮化硅陶瓷的显微结构和性能的关键因素之一。有效的烧结助剂不但可以改善氮化硅陶瓷的显微结构，而且可以提高氮化硅陶瓷的高温性能和抗氧化性能。     

反应烧结含ZrO_2的刚玉-莫来石及其碳结合材料的显微结构和高温力学性能

本文研究了反应烧结含ZrO_2的刚玉-莫来石材料及其碳结合材料的相组成,显微结构和力学性能。结果表明,对刚玉-莫来石材料由于加入氧化锆引起的微裂纹,中、低温强度趋于下降;但在1300℃以上,强度和抗蠕变性能都有明显上升。这可能是因为微裂纹得到一定弥合,同时氧化锆和莫来石之间形成晶界固溶。对碳结合刚玉-莫来石-氧化锆材料,在所有试验温度下,强度都随石墨加入量增加而下降。强度-温度曲线呈现两个特征:(1)由600℃至800℃强度下降,而由800℃至1000℃强度均有回升;(2)由1300℃至1400℃强度略有回升。这与金属粉添加剂在不同温度下的行为有密切关系。形成针状或纤维状的碳化物有利于提高强度。     

O＇－Sialon－ZrO_2复合材料的显微结构与力学性能的研究

研究了Ｏ＇－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ－ＺｒＯ２复合材料的显微结构与力学性能的关系。结果表明，Ｏ＇－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ形成连续网络编织状结构。ＺｒＯ２加入量较少时充当填充结构骨架的作用；ＺｒＯ２加入量增多时（至４０％），会有更多的ＺｒＯ２形成聚集体。随着ＺｒＯ２引入量的增加，材料的常温抗折强度提高，但高温抗折强度下降。Ｏ＇－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ的编织状结构可能阻碍晶界滑移。这种复合材料的高温抗折强度在１４００℃为１１２～１７３ＭＰａ。     

氧化镁部分稳定氧化结超细粉末及其烧结特性

本文对氧化镁部分稳定氧化锆超细粉末的制备工艺和性能进行了实验研究。利用颗粒度分析仪、ＴＧ和ＤＴＡ热分析仪等测定了氧化镁部分稳定氧化锆粉末的性能。研究了粉末的烧结特性，测定了烧结密度随烧结温度及烧结时间的变化。利用热膨胀法对烧结过程中试样的长度变化作了模拟试验，以考察试样的收缩特征。     

Densification,microstructure, and mechanical properties of V-substituted HfB2-based ceramics

This study firstly developed Hf_1-xV_xB₂ (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05) powders, which were derived from borothermal reduction of HfO₂ and V₂O₅ with boron. The results revealed that significantly refined Hf_1-xV_xB₂ powders (0.51 μm) could be obtained by solid solution of VB₂, and x ≥ 0.05 was a premise. However, as the content of V-substitution for Hf increased, Hf_1-xV_xB₂ ceramics sintered by spark plasma sintering at 2000 °C only displayed a slight densification improvement, which was attributed to the grain coarsening effect induced by the solid solution of VB₂. By incorporating 20 vol% SiC, fully dense Hf_1-xV_xB₂-SiC ceramics were successfully fabricated using the same sintering parameters. Compared with HfB₂-SiC ceramics, Hf_0.95V_0.05B₂-20 vol% SiC ceramics exhibited an elevated and comparable value of Vickers hardness (23.64 GPa), but lower fracture toughness (4.09 MPa m^1/2).     

Densification behavior,microstructure, mechanical and optical properties of Mg-doped sialon with fluoride additives

Mg-doped sialon ceramics with the composition of M_0.4Si_10.2Al_1.8O₁N₁₅ were fully densified by hot pressing at 1850 °C for 1 h, using 0.5 wt.% MgF₂ or CaF₂ as a sintering additive. Densification behavior, phase assemblage, microstructure, and mechanical and optical properties were investigated in detail. The addition of fluorides, especially MgF₂, not only resulted in more high-temperature liquid by promoting the dissolution of more N and other constituents but also reduced the viscosity of liquid due to the terminal effect of fluorine. Consequently, the densification was effectively improved. Additionally, the fluoride addition facilitated the formation of a small amount of β-sialon. Both the samples possessed high hardness (∼20 GPa) and fracture toughness (∼4.2 MPa m^1/2). The CaF₂-added sample exhibited higher infrared transmittance than its counterpart due to less residual glass phase. The present work implies that fluorides are also very effective sintering additives for densifying α-sialon.     

Influence of ZrB2 hard ceramic reinforcement on mechanical and wear properties of aluminum

In this work, the effect of ZrB₂ (0, 5, 10 and 20?vol%) ceramic reinforcement on densification, structure, and properties of mechanically alloyed Al was investigated. The milling of Al-ZrB₂ powder compositions resulted in formation of agglomerates with varied size. In particular, the size of agglomerates was reduced considerably with increased addition of ZrB₂ to Al. Interestingly, the densification of hot pressed Al increased from 96.06% to 99.22% with ZrB₂ addition. The reduction of agglomerates size was attributed to the enhanced densification of Al-ZrB₂ composites. Pure Al showed relatively low hardness (0.94?GPa) and it was improved to 1.78?GPa with the addition of 20?vol% ZrB₂. The mechanical properties have significantly been improved for Al-ZrB₂ composites. Especially Al - 20?vol% ZrB₂ possessed a very high yield strength (529?MPa), compressive strength (630?MPa) and compressive strain of 19.25%. Realization of such a good combination of mechanical properties is the highest ever reported for Al composites so far in the literature. The coefficient of friction (COF) of Al-ZrB₂ varied narrowly between 0.33 and 0.40 after dry sliding wear against steel disc. The wear rate of Al-ZrB₂ composites was within mild wear regime and varied between 98.88?×?10^?6 and 34.66?×?10^?6 mm³/Nm. Among all the compositions, Al - 20?vol% ZrB₂ composite exhibited the lowest wear rate and high wear rate was noted for pure Al. Mild abrasion, tribo-oxidation, third body wear (wear debris) and delamination were the major material removal mechanisms for Al-ZrB₂ composites. Overall the hardness, strength and wear resistance of Al - 20?vol% ZrB₂ composite was improved by 84.3%, 84.3% and 64.2%, respectively when compared to pure Al.     

Effect of c-BN surface modification on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti,W)C-based cermet tool materials

Alumina-coated cubic boron nitride (c-BN) particles (c-BN@Al₂O₃) were prepared using a heterogeneous nucleation method. Then, they were added to a (Ti,W)C-based cermet tool material after synthesis via vacuum hot-press sintering. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the (Ti,W)C-based cermet tool material with varying c-BN@Al₂O₃ contents were recorded and analyzed. The results show that with increasing c-BN@Al2O3 concentration, the relative density, flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness all increase first and then decrease, and the average grain size first decreases and then increases. The introduction of Al₂O₃ into the c-BN particles used for surface modification can improve the wettability and interfacial bonding strength between the c-BN and matrix particles, restrain the grain growth of the matrix particles, and improve the flexural strength of cermet tool materials. The addition of c-BN@Al₂O₃ also alters the crack propagation mechanism of the cermet tool material and introduces multiple toughening mechanisms to improve the fracture toughness of the cermet tool material. The high hardness of c-BN and Al₂O₃ is the main reason for the increase in hardness; however, excessive addition of such material reduces the relative density, resulting in a decrease in hardness.     

ZrB_2－刚玉莫来石质复合材料显微结构及力学性能的研究

通过对不同刚玉－莫来石含量的ＺｒＢ２材料力学性能及显微结构的研究，探讨了刚玉莫来石对ＺｒＢ２强度和韧性的影响，同时也分析了强化和韧化机制。     

尖晶石不烧制品的组成、结构和力学性能

研究了全天然原料合成的矾土基尖晶石分别与电熔镁砂和亚白刚玉混合制备的不烧试样的组成、结构和力学性能;分析了试样经高温处理后基质和颗粒中的尖晶石相组成及化学成分的变化规律。     

Effect of ZrB2 content on the densification,microstructure, and mechanical properties of ZrC-SiC ceramics

ZrC ceramics containing 30 vol% SiC-ZrB₂ were produced by high-energy ball milling and reactive hot pressing. The effects of ZrB₂ content on the densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of ceramics were investigated. Fully dense ceramics were achieved as ZrB₂ content increased to 10 and 15 vol%. The addition of ZrB₂ suppressed grain growth and promoted dispersion of the SiC particles, resulting in fine and homogeneous microstructures. Vickers hardness increased from 23.0 ± 0.5 GPa to 23.9 ± 0.5 GPa and Young’s modulus increased from 430 ± 3 GPa to 455 ± 3 GPa as ZrB₂ content increased from 0 to 15 vol%. The increases were attributed to a combination of the higher relative density of ceramics with higher ZrB₂ content and the higher Young’s modulus and hardness of ZrB₂ compared to ZrC. Indentation fracture toughness increased from 2.6 ± 0.2 MPa⋅m^1/2 to 3.3 ± 0.1 MPa⋅m^1/2 as ZrB₂ content increased from 0 to 15 vol% due to the increase in crack deflection by the uniformly dispersed SiC particles. Compared to binary ZrC-SiC ceramics, ternary ZrC-SiC-ZrB₂ ceramics with finer microstructure and higher relative densities were achieved by the addition of ZrB₂ particles.     

Effect of boron addition on microstructure,mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of TaC ceramics

TaC ceramics with 0.03–0.60?wt% of boron additions were prepared by hot pressing at 2100?°C for 1?h under a pressure of 40?MPa. Effects of boron content on densification, phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the TaC ceramics were investigated. When the boron content was 0.12?wt% and above, full density was obtained due to reactions between boron and oxygen impurity at presence of TaC. Minor phases of TaB₂ and C were formed in the 0.24 and 0.60?wt% B compositions after gas-out of the oxygen impurity. Microstructure of the TaC ceramics was refined with increasing in boron content. The TaC ceramic with 0.24?wt% of boron showed the best mechanical properties with a Vickers hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness of 17.7?GPa, 534?MPa and 4.6?MPa?m^1/2, respectively. When more boron was added, interfacial bonding of the TaC grains was strengthened causing a decrease in fracture toughness. Oxidation resistance of the TaC ceramics increased with boron content. Particularly, the 0.60?wt% B composition showed a weight gain of 0.0018?g/cm² after oxidization at 800?°C in air for 3?h.