LC-MS/MS analysis of bisphenol S and five other bisphenols in total diet food samples

ABSTRACT

It is already known that bisphenol S (BPS) has been used as a substitute for BPA in thermal papers in recent years. It is not clear, however, if BPS has also been used to replace BPA in can coatings as currently being speculated due to a lack of credible studies on migration of BPS from can coatings and occurrence data of BPS in foods. In this study, an LC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of BPS, along with several other bisphenols, and method detection limits for BPS varied from 0.0017 to 3.1 ng/g depending on the type of sample matrix and the amount of sample analysed. This method was used to analyse 159 different food composite samples from a recent Canadian total diet study. Bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol B (BPB), and bisphenol AF (BPAF) were not detected in any of the 159 food composite samples, bisphenol F (BPF) was detected in only three samples (25–2360 ng/g), and bisphenol A (BPA) was detected in 10 samples (5.3–41 ng/g) which were all prepared from canned foods. BPS was not detected in any of the canned food composite samples but was detected in nine food composite samples prepared from meat and meat products (1.2–35 ng/g), indicating sources for BPS other than can coatings may be possible, which will be investigated in future studies.     

A survey of bisphenol A and other bisphenol analogues in foodstuffs from nine cities in China

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume chemical that is widely used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy food-can coatings. Following several studies that have reported adverse effects of BPA over the past decade, other bisphenol analogues, such as bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol AF (BPAF), and bisphenol B (BPB), have been gradually developed as substitutes for BPA in several applications. Nevertheless, few studies have reported on the occurrence of compounds other than BPA in foodstuffs. In this study, 289 food samples (13 categories: cereals and cereal products, meat and meat products, fish and seafood, eggs, milk and milk products, bean products, fruits, vegetables, cookies/snacks, beverages, cooking oils, condiments, and others), collected from nine cities in China, were analysed for eight bisphenol analogues using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). BPA and BPF were found widely in foodstuffs at concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantitation (LOQ) to 299 ng g^–1 (mean = 4.94 ng g^–1) and from below the LOQ to 623 ng g^–1 (mean = 2.50 ng g^–1), fresh weight, respectively. The highest total concentrations of bisphenols (∑BPs: sum of eight bisphenols) were found in the category of vegetables that included canned products (mean = 27.0 ng g^–1), followed by fish and seafood (16.5 ng g^–1) and beverages (15.6 ng g^–1). ∑BP concentrations (mean = 2–3 ng g^–1) in milk and milk products, cooking oils, and eggs were low. Food samples sold in metallic cans contained higher mean ∑BP concentrations (56.9 ng g^–1) in comparison with those packaged in glass (0.43 ng g^–1), paper (11.9 ng g^–1), or plastic (6.40 ng g^–1). The daily dietary intakes of bisphenols were estimated, based on the mean concentrations measured and daily consumption rates of foods, to be 646 and 664 ng kg^–1 bw day^–1 for men and women, respectively.     

Analytical determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol analogues in paper products by GC-MS/MS

ABSTRACT

Bisphenol A (BPA; 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol), a suspected endocrine disruptor with a weak estrogenic activity, is used in a variety of consumer products, including food-contact materials made of paper and cardboard products. Due to restrictions on the use of BPA because of its potential health risks, BPA is gradually being replaced by other bisphenols because no limitations exist for these substances. This study presents a method for the simultaneous analysis of BPA, bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) in paper and board products using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Paper samples were extracted by liquid extraction, as well as by Folch extraction, derivatised with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and the results compared. The developed method showed good linearity (R² > 0.9965) and precision, yielding relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 16.6% for reproducibility and 19.8% for repeatability. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for the different bisphenols ranged from 0.23 to 2.70 µg kg^–1 paper and from 0.78 to 9.10 µg kg^–1 paper, respectively. Analysis of different paper products (recycled, virgin fibre) showed that all the analysed bisphenols were present in the samples, except for BPAF and BPB. A calculation of the ‘worst-case’ scenario assuming a maximum potential migration of 100% of the analytes into food showed that the analysed products can be assumed to be safe regarding the migration of bisphenols.     

Solid phase extraction of large volume of water and beverage samples to improve detection limits for GC-MS analysis of bisphenol A and four other bisphenols

Solid phase extraction (SPE) of large volumes of water and beverage products was investigated for the GC-MS analysis of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol E (BPE), and bisphenol B (BPB). While absolute recoveries of the method were improved for water and some beverage products (e.g. diet cola, iced tea), breakthrough may also have occurred during SPE of 200 mL of other beverages (e.g. BPF in cola). Improvements in method detection limits were observed with the analysis of large sample volumes for all bisphenols at ppt (pg/g) to sub-ppt levels. This improvement was found to be proportional to sample volumes for water and beverage products with less interferences and noise levels around the analytes. Matrix effects and interferences were observed during SPE of larger volumes (100 and 200 mL) of the beverage products, and affected the accurate analysis of BPF. This improved method was used to analyse bisphenols in various beverage samples, and only BPA was detected, with levels ranging from 0.022 to 0.030 ng/g for products in PET bottles, and 0.085 to 0.32 ng/g for products in cans.     

Inclusion of bisphenols by a self-assembled monolayer of thiolated calix[6]arene on a gold surface

The molecular recognition of various kinds of bisphenols (BPs) by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of thiolated calix[6]arene on a gold electrode was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Based on the inhibitory effect of BPs on the inclusion of hydroquinone (HQ) as a probe bythe surface-confined calix[6]arene, the association constants (Kassoc) of BPs with the immobilized calix[6]arene were estimated. The Kassoc values for BPs with the SAM of thiolated hexasodium calix[6]arenehexasulfonic acid (thioSCX6) were much smaller than those in the free calix[6]arene derivative systems reported previously. The order of the Kassoc values for BPs with thioSCX6 was bisphenol A (BPA) > bisphenol S (BPS) > bisphenol B (BPB) > bisphenol F (BPF). The Kassoc values for BPA and BPS with thioSCX6 were larger than that for BPB, despite the larger hydrophobicity of BPB than that of BPA and BPS. This is probably because the inclusion phenomena in this system are not simply driven by the hydrophobic interaction, but are significantly affected by several steric and structural factors with immobilization of the host. Those are (1) a decrease in flexibility of the SCX6 cavity by the formation of SAM, (2) a decrease in inclusion ability of the SCX6 by the presence of Au surface just beneath it, and (3) a repulsion of hydrophobic guests bythe presence of sulfonate groups at the top of the SAM. Moreover, the association phenomena (adsorption and desorption processes) of a bisphenol with the SCX6 SAM were examined directly by using localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy.     

Bisphenol s, a new bisphenol analogue, in paper products and currency bills and its association with bisphenol a residues

As the evidence of the toxic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) grows, its application in commercial products is gradually being replaced with other related compounds, such as bisphenol S (BPS). Nevertheless, very little is known about the occurrence of BPS in the environment. In this study, BPS was analyzed in 16 types of paper and paper products (n = 268), including thermal receipts, paper currencies, flyers, magazines, newspapers, food contact papers, airplane luggage tags, printing paper, kitchen rolls (i.e., paper towels), and toilet paper. All thermal receipt paper samples (n = 111) contained BPS at concentrations ranging from 0.0000138 to 22.0 mg/g (geometric mean: 0.181 mg/g). The overall mean concentrations of BPS in thermal receipt papers were similar to the concentrations reported earlier for BPA in the same set of samples. A significant negative correlation existed between BPS and BPA concentrations in thermal receipt paper samples (r = -0.55, p < 0.0001). BPS was detected in 87% of currency bill samples (n = 52) from 21 countries, at concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 6.26 μg/g (geometric mean: 0.029 μg/g). BPS also was found in 14 other paper product types (n = 105), at concentrations ranging from 88%). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of BPS in paper products and currency bills.     

Bisphenol S in urine from the United States and seven Asian countries: occurrence and human exposures

As concern regarding the toxic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) grows, BPA in many consumer products is gradually being replaced with compounds such as bisphenol S (BPS). Nevertheless, data on the occurrence of BPS in human specimens are limited. In this study, 315 urine samples, collected from the general populations in the United States, China, India, Japan, Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia, and Vietnam, were analyzed for the presence of total BPS (free plus conjugated) concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). BPS was detected in 81% of the urine samples analyzed at concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantitation (LOQ; 0.02 ng/mL) to 21 ng/mL (geometric mean: 0.168 ng/mL). The urinary BPS concentration varied among countries, and the highest geometric mean concentration [1.18 ng/mLor 0.933 μg/g creatinine (Cre)] of BPS was found in urine samples from Japan, followed by the United States (0.299 ng/mL, 0.304 μg/g Cre), China (0.226 ng/mL, 0.223 μg/g Cre), Kuwait (0.172 ng/mL, 0.126 μg/g Cre), and Vietnam (0.160 ng/mL, 0.148 μg/g Cre). Median concentrations of BPS in urine samples from the Asian countries were 1 order of magnitude lower than the median concentrations reported earlier for BPA in the same set of samples, with the exception of samples from Japan. There were no significant differences in BPS concentrations between genders (male versus female), or among age groups (categorized as ≤ 19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, and ≥ 50 years), or races (Caucasian versus Asian). The daily intake (EDI) of BPS was estimated on the basis of urinary concentrations using a simple pharmacokinetic approach. The median EDI values of BPS in Japan, China, United States, Kuwait, Vietnam, Malaysia, India, and Korea were 1.67, 0.339, 0.316, 0.292, 0.217, 0.122, 0.084, and 0.023 μg/person, respectively. This is the first study to report the occurrence of BPS in human urine.     

QuEChERS-SPE快速样品制备-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法测定婴幼儿配方奶中双酚类化合物

建立QuEChERS-固相萃取（quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe-solid phase extraction,QuEChERS-SPE）样品净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定婴幼儿配方奶中8 种双酚类化合物残留的方法。样品中的双酚类化合物残留经乙腈提取,QuEChERS-SPE净化样品,基质匹配标准校正外标法定量。结果表明,样品经净化和校正后8 种双酚类化合物的基质因子为0.80～1.20;在线性范围内,8 种双酚类化合物线性相关系数（R2）均大于0.999。方法回收率为50.2%～116%（n=6）,相对标准偏差为0.5%～14%（n=6）,方法的检出限和定量限：固体奶粉为0.017～0.78μg/kg及0.055～2.6μg/kg,液体奶为0.0011～0.055μg/L及0.0035～0.18μg/L。采用本方法对中国和加拿大市场购买的婴幼儿配方奶进行检测,根据测定的含量和婴幼儿每天摄入奶量,可分别计算出婴幼儿可能最多摄入双酚A、双酚S、双酚F的量分别为0.065、0.050、0.0059μg/（kg·d）,但均未超过欧洲食品安全协会对双酚类化合物从食品包装材料迁移到食品中限量的规定（4μg/（kg·d））。     

Environmental fate of bisphenol A and its biological metabolites in river water and their xeno-estrogenic activity

Monitoring of bisphenol A [BPA; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane] and its biological metabolites [4,4'-dihydroxy-alphamethylstilbene (DHMS), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol (BPA-OH), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (BPA-COOH), and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (3-OH-BPA)] in river waters was performed by solid-phase extraction and GC/MS determination. The concentrations of BPA, BPA-COOH, BPA-OH, and 3-OH-BPA in the river water ranged from 2 to 230 (8.8 x 10(-12) to 1.0 x 10(-9) M), from 5 to 75 (1.9 x 10(-11) to 2.9 x 10(-10) M), from 3 to 16 (1.2 x 10(-11) to 6.6 x 10(-11) M), and from 3 to 11 (1.2 x 10(-11) to 4.5 x 10(-11) M) ng L(-1), respectively. DHMS, an intermediate in the main degradation pathway of BPA, was not detected in any water sample. Under the aerobic conditions in the river water, BPA disappeared within 8 d of incubation, but BPA-COOH, BPA-OH, and tetraol remained in the supernatant after 14 d of incubation. For the xeno-estrogenic activity of BPA and the metabolites, their ability to bind to recombinant human estrogen receptor alpha in competition with fluorescence-labeled 17beta-estradiol was measured. Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of BPA, DHMS, 3-OH-BPA, and BPA-OH were approximately 1 x 10(-5), 1 x 10(-6), 3 x 10(-5), and 1 x 10(-2) M, respectively. In human cultured MCF-7 breast cancer cells, BPA increased cell numbers in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations from 10(-7) to 10(-5) M. For the BPA metabolites, DOHMS, 3-OH-BPA, and BPA-COOH caused the cells proliferation at concentrations from 10(-9) to 10(-6), from 10(-7) to 10(-6), and from 10(-5) to 10(-4) M, respectively. BPA-OH did not cause MCF-7 cells proliferation. These results indicate that BPA is mainly metabolized through oxidative rearrangement by bacteria in the river water, and intermediate bisphenols via minor metabolic pathways exist in river water. The presence of the bisphenols having the xeno-estrogenic effect suggests the necessity of monitoring those in river water, in the effluent waters from sewage plants, or in landfill leachate.     

Estrogenic activity of impurities in industrial grade bisphenol A

The estrogenicities of 10 compounds found as impurities in industrial grade bisphenol A (BPA) were measured by yeasttwo-hybrid assays incorporating the human estrogen receptor alpha(hERalpha) orthe medaka fish (Oryziaslatipes) estrogen receptor alpha (medERalpha). Five impurities showed greater activity than BPA itself in an agonist assay for hERalpha. p-Cumylphenol, the most active of the impurities in the hERalpha assay, was 12 times as active as BPA. The REC10 (10% relative effective concentration: 10% of the activity of 10(-8)M 17,B-estradiol) was 710 nM. Five impurities showed greater activity than BPA in an agonist assay for medERa: 4,4'-(1,3-dimethylbutylidene) bisphenol and 2-(4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,4,4-trimethylchroman were nearly equipotent and 9 times as active as BPA, and the REC10 values of these compounds in the medERalpha assay were 280 and 320 nM, respectively. Comparison of the experimentally determined estrogenicities of mixtures of BPA and 4,4'-(1,3-dimeth-ylbutylidene) bisphenol and those calculated by the concentrations addition (CA) method confirmed the suitability of the method for the prediction of the estrogenicities of the mixtures of BPA and its phenolic analogues. The measured estrogenicities of four samples of industrial grade BPA and laboratory grade (pure) BPA were not significantly different in either the hERalpha assay or the medERalpha assay (p > 0.05 in each case). We conclude that the impurities in industrial grade BPA, although some are of much higher estrogenic activity than BPA itself, do not significantly increase the estrogenicity of the industrial compound and therefore do not increase possible adverse health effects from such activity.     

国内市场上罐装啤酒中双酚类物质迁出量调查

建立并利用固相萃取-高效液相-荧光法对国内市场上31种罐装啤酒中双酚物的含量进行了调查。方法的检测限为0.02～0.09μg/L,在0.02～50.00μg/L的检测范围内相关系数大于0.99,加标回收率和标准差分别为80.67%～101%和1.01%～4.84%。样品中除双酚E(BPE)没有检出外,双酚A(BPA)、双酚A二缩水甘油醚(BADGE)、双酚F二缩水甘油醚(BFDGE)、双酚B(BPB)和双酚F(BPF)的平均检出浓度分别为2.99、0.41、0.18、0.12、0.12μg/L,检出率分别为100%、83.9%、6.4%、12.9%和6.4%。BPA和BADGE是罐装啤酒中存在的最主要的双酚物,其平均每日摄入量分别估计为0.0160、0.0022μg/kg.bw.d,低于欧盟关于BPA50μg/kg.bw.d的规定。样品中BPA没有超过欧盟规定的0.6mg/L,BADGE的迁移也未高于9mg/L,但是BFDGE的检出是不允许的。目前尚无关于BPF、BPE和BPB的迁移限值。     

Analytical determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol analogues in paper products by LC-MS/MS

ABSTRACT

In this study a sensitive analytical method based on liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S in different paper and board products, including virgin fibre samples and recycled samples. Analytes were extracted from the paper matrix using a simple solvent extraction and chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 core-shell (100 mm x 2.1 mm i.d.; 1.7 µm particle size) column. The developed method showed good linearity (R² > 0.9921) for all analytes. Absolute recoveries ranged from 71 to 115% and precision in terms of reproducibility and repeatability (intra- and inter-day) yielded in relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 15.0% and 17.4%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the different analytes ranged from 0.29 to 0.40 µg kg^?1 paper and from 1.09 to 1.32 µg kg^?1 paper, being in the same range for all analytes. Quantitation of the analytes was performed using the internal standard procedure, with concentrations of < LOQ to 9599 µg kg^?1 for the different analytes. Furthermore, a calculation of the maximum migration, assuming the ‘worst case’ scenario of 100% migration was performed.     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定全蛋粉中的双酚A和双酚S

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定全蛋粉中双酚A和双酚S的检测方法。全蛋粉经水复溶后经乙腈提取,提取液使用分散系固相萃取-基质增强脂质去除产品进行除脂,使用Oasis PRiME HLB小柱进一步净化,使用超高效液相串联质谱测定,负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式测定,内标法定量。结果显示:双酚A在1~50 μg/kg范围内呈线性,相关系数为0.9991,加标回收率为98.8%~105.0%,日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为3.84%~8.58%和5.65%~8.74%,检出限为0.3 μg/kg,定量限为1.0 μg/kg;双酚S在0.4~20 μg/kg范围内呈线性,相关系数为0.9995,加标回收率为98.5%~102.5%,日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为3.01%~7.86%和3.18%~7.03%,检出限为0.1 μg/kg,定量限为0.3 μg/kg。实际样品测定结果分别为:双酚A 2.4~3.8 μg/kg;双酚S 0.48~0.82 μg/kg。本方法前处理简单、高灵敏度适用于全蛋粉中双酚A和双酚S的日常测定。     

Survey of bisphenol A and bisphenol F in canned foods.

Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF) have been determined in a range of canned foods. Sixty-two different canned foods were purchased from retail outlets in the UK from January to November 2000 and the contents extracted and analysed by GC-MS for BPA and BPF isomers. The following canned products were analysed: fish in aqueous media, 10 samples; vegetables, 10; beverages, 11; soup, 10; desserts, five; fruit, two; infant formula, four; pasta, five; and meat products, five. BPF isomers were not detected in any of the canned foods with detection limits of 0.005 mg kg(-1) for the 2,2' and 2,4' isomers and 0.01 mg kg(-1) for the 4,4' isomer. BPA was detected in 38 samples with a detection limit of 0.002 mg kg(-1). Of these, BPA was quantified in 37 canned foods at levels from 0.007 mg kg(-1), with one sample of meat containing a mean level of 0.38 mg kg(-1). All other samples contained <0.07 mg kg(-1) BPA.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饮用水中双酚A和双酚S

建立一种饮用水中痕量双酚A和双酚S的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。水样中双酚A和双酚S经HLB固相萃取柱富集,甲醇洗脱并浓缩,再以1 mmol/L氟化铵-乙腈为流动相,经C18色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾离子源、质谱多反应监测模式分析。该方法对水样体积为500 mL时双酚A和双酚S检出限分别可达到1.0 ng/L和0.2 ng/L,在低、中、高3 个加标水平下两者的平均回收率分别为88.3%～114.8%和83.7%～98.2%,相对标准偏差分别为10.0%～16.2%和5.9%～12.3%。该方法灵敏度高、定性准确、操作简单高效,适用于饮用水中双酚A和双酚S的定性定量分析。     

Natural occurrence of bisphenol F in mustard

Bisphenol F (BPF) was found in mustard up to a concentration of around 8 mg kg^?1. Contamination of the raw products or caused by the packaging could be ruled out. Also, the fact that only the 4,4?-isomer of BPF was detected spoke against contamination from epoxy resin or other sources where technical BPF is used. Only mild mustard made of the seeds of Sinapis alba contained BPF. In all probability BPF is a reaction product from the breakdown of the glucosinolate glucosinalbin with 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol as an important intermediate. Hot mustard made only from brown mustard seeds (Brassica juncea) or black mustard seeds (Brassica nigra) contained no BPF. BPF is structurally very similar to bisphenol A and has a similar weak estrogenic activity. The consumption of a portion of 20 g of mustard can lead to an intake of 100–200 µg of BPF. According to a preliminary risk assessment, the risk of BPF in mustard for the health of consumers is considered to be low, but available toxicological data are insufficient for a conclusive evaluation. It is a new and surprising finding that BPF is a natural food ingredient and that this is the main uptake route. This insight sheds new light on the risk linked to the family of bisphenols.     

罐头食品中双酚A和双酚F环氧衍生物残留的高效液相色谱分析

建立了一种高效液相色谱分析罐头食品中双酚A(BPA)和双酚F(BPF)环氧衍生物的方法。样品经微波辅助萃取后过PPL(填料为苯乙烯-二乙烯苯(SDVB)聚合物)固相萃取柱进行净化试验。结果表明,微波辅助萃取法的提取效果理想;采用PPL固相萃取回收率在73.26%~104.98%,除杂效果明显。将微波辅助—PPL固相萃取净化法应用于多种食品进行分析,结果表明该方法适用于食品中双酚A和双酚F环氧衍生物残留分析。     

Migration of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles under real use conditions

Migration of the potential endocrine disrupter, bisphenol A (BPA), from 31 polycarbonate (PC) baby bottles into aqueous food simulants was studied under real repetitive use, using a sensitive and fully validated liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection. Confirmation of the presence of BPA was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The effects of cleaning in a dishwasher or with a brush, sterilization with boiling water and the temperature of migration were examined. It was shown that temperature was the crucial factor for the migration of BPA from the plastic bottles to water. All samples released BPA in the concentration range 2.4-14.3 µg kg^-1 when filled with boiled water and left at ambient temperature for 45 min. The decrease of BPA release in the sterilization water and in the food simulant over 12 cycles of use indicated that the hypothesis of polymer degradation in water is dubious. Estimated infantile dietary exposure, regarding the use of PC baby bottles, ranged between 0.2 and 2.2 µg kg^-1 bw day^-1, which is below the Tolerable Daily Intake of 50 µg kg^-1 bw recently established by EFSA.     

双酚A单克隆抗体的制备及酶联免疫分析方法的建立

采用活泼酯法将双酚A的结构类似物双酚酸与载体蛋白偶联制备人工抗原,用制备的人工抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用聚乙二醇法进行细胞融合制备双酚A单克隆抗体,成功获得一株分泌抗双酚A单克隆抗体的细胞株3H1,经鉴定抗体属于IgG1亚型,轻链为κ,并建立了间接竞争酶联免疫分析法。线性范围为1～50 ng/mL,最低检测限为0.43 ng/mL,半数抑制浓度为6.56 ng/mL。回收率为82.83%～101.94%,变异系数为2.94%～12.95%。该方法具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,具有良好的应用前景。     

金属食品罐内涂层中双酚类物质的迁移及检测研究进展

鉴于双酚A及其他双酚类物质作为食品罐内涂层材料有潜在的毒性与危害,中国、欧盟、美国等国家均已严格限制它们在金属食品罐内涂料中的使用。本文介绍双酚A、双酚A二缩水甘油醚、双酚F、双酚F二缩水甘油醚的结构、应用、危害、检测方法及迁移结果,并简述固相萃取在样品前处理中的应用。