Comprehensive recovery of metals from cyanidation tailing

Cyanidation tailing is the residue produced in gold plants which use cyanidation to extract gold. It can be used as a secondary resource to recover residual metals that are of great economic value. The cyanidation tailing investigated in this paper was obtained from Shandong Province, China. It contained valuable metals such as chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and pyrite. In this study, alkaline sodium hypochlorite was used as a regulator in the pretreatment stage. It was proved that the sodium hypochlorite played two roles in the flotation pulp: oxidant and pH regulator. On one hand, sodium hypochlorite oxidized cyanide to cyanate, eliminating the negative effect of residual cyanide towards the environment. On the other hand, with the pH of flotation pulp exceeding 10, sphalerite and pyrite were depressed enormously, which was beneficial to the recovery of chalcopyrite and galena. With the Cu–Pb bulk flotation flowsheet, the cyanidation tailing was processed to obtain qualified Cu concentrate with grade of 13.17% and recovery of 70.00% compared with the original Cu grade of 0.21%. The Cu–Pb tailing was processed to obtain qualified Zn concentrate with grade of 34.72% and recovery of 69.58% compared with the original Zn grade of 0.33%, constituting the comprehensive recovery routing for the cyanidation tailing.     

以羟乙基纤维素为抑制剂浮选分离铜硫

为检验铜硫分离新型抑制剂HEC的有效性,并了解HEC作用效果的影响因素,以丁基黄药为捕收剂,对黄铜矿、黄铁矿纯矿物进行了浮选试验,并以HEC为抑制剂进行了实际矿物浮选试验。结果表明：①丁基黄药对黄铜矿的捕收能力强于黄铁矿,且几乎不受矿浆pH值的影响,在无抑制剂的情况下,高碱环境可抑制黄铁矿的上浮。②HEC可用于铜硫分离,用量为200 mg/L时可显著抑制黄铁矿,但对黄铜矿的抑制能力很弱。③抑制剂HEC适宜在pH=7的环境下浮选分离黄铜矿与黄铁矿的人工混合矿。④在分选内蒙古某铜硫矿石时,以HEC为铜硫分离黄铁矿的抑制剂,可获得铜品位为23.21%、铜回收率为81.75%的铜精矿,以及硫品位为13.20%、硫回收率80.83%的硫精矿,较好地实现了铜硫分离。     

乙硫氮作捕收剂时有机调整剂加药顺序对典型硫化矿物浮选的影响

研究了乙硫氮作为捕收剂时有机大分子调整剂糊精、腐殖酸钠、阳离子瓜尔胶和DP115(改性聚丙烯酰胺有机大分子)不同加药顺序对典型硫化矿物黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿浮选行为的影响。单矿物浮选试验结果表明,有机大分子调整剂与捕收剂乙硫氮的加药顺序对硫化矿物浮选的影响不同。与调整剂先加相比,乙硫氮先加时,糊精对黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿浮选的抑制作用更强;腐殖酸钠对黄铜矿和方铅矿浮选的抑制作用不同程度增强,腐殖酸钠用量较低时对闪锌矿浮选的抑制作用减弱,而用量较高时则强烈抑制闪锌矿;阳离子瓜尔胶对黄铜矿和方铅矿浮选的抑制作用减弱,对闪锌矿浮选的抑制作用略强;DP115对黄铜矿浮选的抑制作用减弱,DP115用量低时对方铅矿浮选的抑制作用相当而对闪锌矿浮选的抑制作用减弱,用量较高时对方铅矿浮选的抑制作用更强而对闪锌矿浮选的抑制作用相当;糊精、腐殖酸钠、阳离子瓜尔胶和DP115对黄铁矿浮选的影响很小。研究结果可为部分硫化矿通过改变有机大分子调整剂与捕收剂的加药顺序提高矿物浮选分离的选择性和效率提供借鉴。     

刺槐豆胶在铜硫分离中的抑制作用及机理分析

采用浮选试验、Zeta电位和红外光谱测试, 研究了刺槐豆胶在铜硫浮选分离中的作用, 并分析了其作用机理。结果表明:当pH小于9时, 黄铜矿及黄铁矿可浮性均较好, 难以浮选分离。刺槐豆胶在黄铜矿及黄铁矿表面均发生了吸附, 使二者的电位发生变化, 并产生抑制作用, 但刺槐豆胶对黄铜矿和黄铁矿的抑制强度及吸附方式都不同:刺槐豆胶在黄铜矿表面的吸附方式是化学吸附, 而与黄铁矿是通过物理吸附方式作用。加入刺槐豆胶后, 在pH为3~11条件下, 黄铁矿的浮选回收率均较低; 而当pH小于9时刺槐豆胶对黄铜矿抑制效果差, pH为11时对黄铜矿抑制效果极强。在pH为7时使用刺槐豆胶对铜品位为15.58%的混合矿进行浮选分离后, 获得的铜精矿铜品位为21.67%、回收率为82.13%。该研究为铜硫高效分离提供了一种性能优良的有机抑制剂。      

Selective chalcopyrite flotation from pyrite with glycerine-xanthate as depressant

Micro-flotation tests, adsorption, electrokinetic and FTIR measurements were carried out in order to investigate the selective depression mechanism of sodium glycerine-xanthate (SGX) on pyrite in chalcopyrite flotation. The flotation results showed a large difference in chalcopyrite (>85%) and pyrite (<30%) recovery as stirred pulp-mixing with SGX before the addition of collector sodium butyl xanthate (SBX), at the range of pH 7–10. A much stronger adsorption of SGX on pyrite than chalcopyrite was dramatically revealed by zeta potential measurements, which can explain the better floatability of chalcopyrite than pyrite. The adsorption of SBX onto pyrite was depressed intensely while that onto chalcopyrite was affected slightly when SGX was used as depressant, because of more stronger adsorption between SGX and SBX occurring onto the pyrite surfaces. The absorbed amount of SGX on chalcopyrite increases slightly, over the pH range from 3 to 12, while that on pyrite increases rapidly with the increased SGX concentration, which is consistent with the flotation results. FTIR reflection spectroscopic measurements further demonstrated the depression effect of pre-absorbed SGX on SBX adsorption, which is attributed to its hydrophilic hydroxyl groups.     

The influence of pyrite content on the flotation of chalcopyrite/pyrite mixtures

In the flotation of copper ores, several processing plants report that copper recovery is affected by the proportion and reactivity of pyrite in the ore, with the effect becoming more intense when the feed particles are finer as a result of regrinding. In this work, a mixed model mineral system consisting of chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) and pyrite (FeS₂) with varying pyrite content (20–80 wt.%) was used to investigate the effect of pyrite on the pulp chemistry and chalcopyrite recovery. Flotation tests showed that chalcopyrite flotation rate, recovery and grade, as well as the pulp oxidation potential, decreased with increasing pyrite content whilst pyrite recovery increased. Surface analysis (XPS, ToF-SIMS and EDTA) indicated that copper activation of pyrite increased with increasing pyrite content, facilitating pyrite recovery. The decrease in chalcopyrite recovery can be attributed to increased surface oxidation.     

一种新型有机抑制剂的铜硫分离效果

为解决采用无机抑制剂进行铜硫分离时铜硫分离效果差、伴生贵金属流失严重等问题,开发了新型有机抑制剂三羧基甲基-二硫代碳酸钠。单矿物浮选试验结果表明：在pH=9~12、三羧基甲基-二硫代碳酸钠浓度为2.4×10-3 mol/L时,对黄铁矿抑制效果较好、对黄铜矿抑制作用较弱,可以实现低碱条件下的铜硫分离。采用三羧基甲基-二硫代碳酸钠进行黄铁矿、黄铜矿人工混合矿浮选试验,获得了铜品位为31.69%、回收率为91.36%的铜精矿,实现了铜硫有效分离。应用Materials Studio分子模拟软件构建药剂、矿物模型,通过分子模拟方法探讨三羧基甲基-二硫代碳酸钠的作用机理,结果表明,该药剂与黄铁矿、黄铜矿的作用能都为负值,其中与黄铁矿作用能为-98.70 kJ/mol,与黄铜矿作用能为-10.36 kJ/mol,故该药剂对黄铁矿抑制作用更强,对黄铜矿的抑制较差,并通过红外光谱和紫外光谱分析结果得到了验证。     

Cu2+活化黄铁矿与黄铜矿的浮选分离

在研究丁黄药体系中黄铜矿、黄铁矿单矿物的天然可浮性,石灰（调节矿浆pH）、亚硫酸氢钠、铜离子对黄铜矿、黄铁矿可浮性的影响,柠檬酸对被Cu²⁺活化的黄铁矿、黄铜矿可浮性的影响,柠檬酸-亚硫酸氢钠-石灰组合抑制剂对被Cu²⁺活化的黄铁矿、黄铜矿可浮性的影响的基础上,采用柠檬酸-亚硫酸氢钠-石灰组合抑制剂对被Cu²⁺活化的黄铁矿-黄铜矿人工混合矿进行浮选分离,得到了铜品位和铜回收率分别为24.12%和88.48%的铜精矿,及硫品位和硫回收率分别为49.69%和72.51%的硫精矿,表明该组合抑制剂对被Cu²⁺活化的黄铁矿具有良好的选择性抑制作用。     

黄铜矿、黄铁矿电化学调控浮选分离与机理研究

研究了电化学调控下黄铜矿、黄铁矿在以黄药为捕收剂和无捕收剂的条件下的浮选行为以及浮选调整剂,如CaO,CaOCl_2,对黄铁矿浮选的抑制作用。发现黄铜矿,黄铁矿的分离浮选不仅依靠矿浆高pH值和高氧化作用,而且,当使用化学药剂调节矿浆电位时,还与所使用的调整剂的化学组成有关。CaOCl_2能很好地用于铜硫分离,是由于它既能提高矿浆pH值,又能产生强的氧化作用。最后讨论了浮选机理。     

某含砷铜精矿铜砷分离选矿试验研究

以蓝辉铜矿和硫砷铜矿为主的浮选铜精矿,为了产品效益最大化,进行浮选分离获得高砷铜精矿和低砷铜精矿.蓝辉铜矿和硫砷铜矿纯矿物试验结果表明,在捕收剂丁铵黑药体系下,采用石灰调整矿浆pH值,分别添加次氯酸钙、高锰酸钾、腐殖酸钠以及木质素来抑制蓝辉铜矿,均可以起到很好的抑制作用,但不同的药剂在不同的矿浆pH值条件下抑制效果不同...     

硫化铜矿新型捕收剂PZO的浮选性能与机理

为检验广州有色金属研究院研制的新型硫化铜矿浮选捕收剂PZO在铜硫分离中的选择性,比较了PZO、丁基黄药和丁铵黑药在不同矿浆pH值、不同用量条件下分别浮选黄铜矿和黄铁矿单矿物的效果,并借助紫外可见分光光谱仪、红外光谱仪对PZO在黄铜矿、黄铁矿表面的吸附量和作用机理进行了研究。结果显示：①在试验pH范围内,丁基黄药、丁铵黑药、PZO对黄铜矿的捕收能力均强于对黄铁矿。②矿浆的酸碱度对黄铜矿可浮性的影响均较小,且黄铜矿回收率的高点在弱酸或弱碱性环境下,黄铁矿在酸性环境下的可浮性明显强于在碱性环境。③3种捕收剂的选择性强弱顺序为PZO＞丁铵黑药＞丁基黄药,在pH=8.5时,黄铜矿与黄铁矿的回收率差值可达68.19个百分点。④PZO是一种酯类浮选药剂,与黄铁矿相比,其更容易在黄铜矿表面吸附,且以化学吸附为主。以上结果表明,PZO在pH=8.5的环境下可高效分离黄铜矿与黄铁矿。     

从河口铜矿石中回收铜铁硫的选矿试验

云南河口铜矿石含Cu 0.59%、S 4.57%、Fe 26.98%,属伴生硫铁的低品位硫化铜矿石,铜、硫、铁在矿石中分别主要以黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁铁矿形式存在,但有少部分黄铜矿与黄铁矿形成固熔体。采用铜硫混合浮选-铜硫分离浮选-浮选尾矿弱磁选工艺对该矿石进行综合回收铜、硫、铁的选矿试验,得到了铜品位为18.03%、铜回收率为93.07%的铜精矿,硫品位为52.02%、硫回收率为56.34%的硫精矿和铁品位为61.90%、铁回收率为27.38%的铁精矿,从而为该矿石的合理开发利用提供了技术依据。     

捕收剂Mac-10浮选铜硫矿石的试验研究

通过纯矿物和实际矿石试验, 采用丁黄药、680和Mac-10作为捕收剂, 在不同条件下进行了黄铜矿和黄铁矿的浮选对比试验。研究结果表明, Mac-10在铜硫浮选分离中具有良好的应用潜力, 其捕收能力较丁黄药、680好, 并且选择性好, 能在较少的药剂用量下, 在中性或者弱碱性条件下有效实现黄铜矿与黄铁矿分离。实际矿石浮选试验表明: 碱性条件下(pH值8～9范围内), 将捕收剂Mac-10与680 (2∶1)混合使用, 相对于单独采用Mac-10, 铜精矿品位低0.25个百分点, 但回收率高3.59个百分点; 相对于单独采用680, 铜的回收率低0.22个百分点, 但铜精矿品位高2.70个百分点。     

油酸钠体系中微细粒胶磷矿的浮选行为

通过单矿物浮选试验考察了油酸钠体系中微细粒胶磷矿的可浮性,并比较了六偏磷酸钠、硅酸钠、焦磷酸钠、淀粉、腐植酸钠这5种抑制剂对微细粒胶磷矿的抑制效果。试验结果表明：油酸钠浮选微细粒胶磷矿的适宜条件应为矿浆温度45 ℃、用NaOH调节矿浆pH=10、油酸钠用量6×10-4 mol/L;5种抑制剂对微细粒胶磷矿抑制能力的强弱排序为腐植酸钠＞六偏磷酸钠＞淀粉＞焦磷酸钠＞硅酸钠。     

新型有机抑制剂RC 在铜硫矿物浮选分离中的抑制作用

研究了新型有机抑制剂RC 在黄铜矿和黄铁矿浮选分离中的作用。单矿物浮选实验表明:这种抑制剂在整个pH 范围内, 对黄铁矿具有很好的抑制作用, 在黄铜矿的浮选实验中, 仅当pH ≈4 时, 抑制剂对黄铜矿产生了一定的抑制作用, 而在pH >4.5 时, 抑制剂对黄铜矿的浮选行为影响不大, 对黄铜矿抑制作用较弱。人工混合矿实验表明:RC 能有效实现铜硫矿物浮选分离, 使得铜精矿品位达到24.73 %, 回收率为80.36%。整个研究表明:在黄铜矿和黄铁矿浮选分离中, RC 不仅显示了很强的抑制黄铁矿的效果, 而且用量低、无毒、无污染, 是一种理想的铜硫选择性浮选分离抑制剂。     

铜硫分离中银的选择性导向回收

为了研究新型抑制剂在铜硫分离过程中对银浮选行为的影响,采用石灰和LY作为硫抑制剂,通过6种动力学模型,分别考察了低碱和高碱环境下铜、银和铁的浮选回收率及动力学行为。结果表明,6种动力学模型均可较好地拟合试验数据。石灰选择性较差,在低碱性介质中对黄铁矿的抑制效果较弱,在强碱性介质中不利于铜和银矿物的回收;而LY在铜硫分离过程中表现出良好的选择性,它可以在低碱和高碱环境下强烈抑制黄铁矿,并在弱碱性矿浆中实现铜硫的高效分离,同时诱导独立银矿物定向富集至铜精矿产品中。     

新型抑制剂在低碱条件下实现铜硫高效分离的试验研究

针对铜硫浮选分离过程中,大量添加石灰引起的管道堵塞、矿浆环境差等问题,开发了一种新型黄铁矿抑制剂BY,应用于缅甸某硫化铜矿浮选试验并获得了良好的指标。该矿石含铜1.40%、硫8.95%,主要含铜矿物为黄铜矿,含硫矿物为黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿。采用抑制剂BY通过一粗两精一扫的浮选工艺流程,获得的铜精矿Cu品位为25.13%、回收率为93.47%,S品位为33.97%、回收率为19.93%。与石灰相比,精矿中铜品位和回收率分别提高了0.99和0.16个百分点,硫品位和回收率分别降低了1.01和2.14个百分点,闭路试验粗选pH值可由12降低至9.7,可实现低碱环境中铜硫的高效分离。     

A potential application of collectorless flotation in a copper/gold operation

A recent study found that chalcopyrite in the Telfer ore could float without a collector whilst pyrite did not float without a collector in the laboratory. In comparison of the flotation result with and without a collector, the two grade–recovery curves are clearly separated due mainly to less pyrite recovery and higher concentrate grades produced by collectorless flotation. Pre-aeration tended to promote collectorless flotation of chalcopyrite while it had a negligible effect on pyrite flotation. In addition to the laboratory study, pulp potential measurements were conducted in the plant. The results indicate that chalcopyrite is likely to retain its collectorless floatability after SAG milling. This may provide an opportunity of using a flash unit for collectorless flotation on the SAG mill discharge stream.     

某高硅铜硫矿石分选试验

广西某高硫铜矿石中滑石等易浮硅质矿物含量高,现场采用弱磁选-浮铜-浮硫工艺流程进行分选,除弱磁选能较好地回收磁黄铁矿外,黄铜矿浮选和黄铁矿浮选均因易浮硅质矿物的干扰而难以获得合格精矿。为此,在大量探索试验的基础上,采用弱磁选-黄铜矿和硅质矿物混合浮选-混浮精矿铜硅摇床分离-混浮尾矿浮黄铁矿的工艺流程处理该矿石,获得了磁选硫精矿硫品位和回收率分别为38.69%和64.48%,浮选硫精矿硫品位和回收率分别为44.57%和30.99%,铜精矿铜品位和回收率分别为13.87%和63.89%的良好试验指标,有效地综合回收了铜、硫矿物。     

提高德兴铜矿泗洲选矿厂铜回收率的途径

针对德兴铜矿低品位矿石(铜品位0.31%)难磨难选的特点,在矿石性质分析的基础上开展了浮选试验研究。矿石黄铜矿主要呈浸染状分布,部分呈细小粒状分布于脉石中或被脉石包裹,少量黄铜矿与黄铁矿毗邻嵌布。全流程闭路浮选结果表明,在磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占61.60%,粗选石灰调矿浆pH值为8.0时,以Mac-12+丁黄药为捕收剂,经1粗2扫铜硫混合浮选,粗精矿再磨至-0.037 mm占68%,经1粗2精2扫铜硫分离浮选,获得的铜精矿铜回收率和品位分别为85.56%、27.27%,较现场当班铜精矿铜品位提高了1.68个百分点,铜回收率提高了3.95个百分点。提高矿浆pH值或优化捕收剂配比可改善粗选泡沫结构,提高浮选指标。