OH型氧化蜡的研制

为进一步拓宽石蜡的应用领域及满足乳化蜡生产的需要,将石蜡与高分子添加剂复配,采用新型催化剂对其进行催化氧化。用正交试验的方法全面考察有关因素对产品指标的影响程度,由极差的数据可以看出,激发温度、反应温度的影响最大,影响最小的是激发时间,各影响因素对氧化蜡酸值、皂化值、滴熔点、针入度的影响顺序大致相同,从强到弱依次为:激发温度、反应温度、反应时间、空气量、引发剂用量、催化剂用量、激发时间;并根据极差的大小得到最佳的操作条件。通过微型反应器的小型试验和中试放大试验,获得酸值为38.2 mg(KOH)/g、皂化值为81.62 mg(KOH)/g、针入度为41 0.1 mm-1、滴熔点为83.2℃的浅色的适宜乳化的OH型氧化蜡,无论从颜色还是从产品质量方面考察,均符合乳化蜡生产要求。     

氧化蜡的酯化改性

对氧化蜡酯化反应的工艺条件进行研究,考察了催化剂用量、乙二醇用量、带水剂用量、反应时间对反应酯化率的影响,得出了最佳的反应条件,即催化剂用量0.0375g,乙二醇用量为1.08mL,反应时间应为6h,带水剂的用量为2.0mL。并通过红外光谱确定了产物的结构。     

一种氧化改性聚乙烯蜡乳液的研制

研究了用氧化改性聚乙烯蜡制备一种非离子型乳液的方法。在确定最佳乳化温度105℃条件下考查了乳化剂用量、乳化工艺、助剂对乳液稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,当非离子乳化剂A、非离子乳化剂B助溶剂C和中和剂氢氧化钠分别为氧化改性聚乙烯蜡的25.15%,3.25%,1.6%和1.5%(w),乳化时间为20~30min,搅拌速度为1 000~1 400 r/min时,可以制取一种满足用作纺织柔软剂要求、固含量为20%、平均粒径小于0.1μm的蜡乳液。     

阳-非复合离子型氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液的制备

阳-非复合离子型氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液广泛应用于皮革涂饰、造纸、印染等领域,该文用三乙醇胺对氧化聚乙烯蜡进行酯化改性,再用相转变法和复合乳化体系对酯化改性的氧化聚乙烯蜡进行乳化,并对乳液性能进行检测分析。实验结果表明,三乙醇胺对氧化聚乙烯蜡进行酯化改性后,可明显提高氧化聚乙烯蜡的可乳化性和乳液的稳定性。乳化剂的种类、用量、乳化温度以及剪切搅拌速度等乳化因素对乳液性能有较大影响。乳化实验优化的条件为:乳化剂OS-15用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的15%,乳化剂1631用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的5%;乳化温度为90～95℃;连续剪切分散40～60min。     

氧化蜡改性醇酸树脂蜡性能的影响研究

以蓖麻油、甘油、邻苯二甲酸酐、费托合成蜡A28及氧化石蜡为原料合成油溶性醇酸树脂蜡。分别考察了聚酯化反应时间,A28蜡及氧化石蜡加入量对中、长油度醇酸树脂蜡酸值、针入度、滴熔点的影响。实验结果表明制备醇酸树脂蜡的较佳配方为:蓖麻油72.1g、甘油21.7g、邻苯二甲酸酐40.5g、A2817.1g、聚酯化反应时间4h,合成的醇酸树脂蜡酸值:18.96mgKOH/g、滴熔点102℃、针入度13.40mm。     

聚烯烃/炭黑导电复合材料研究

研究了聚烯烃种类、聚烯烃共混物、炭黑种类及用量和加工方法对聚烯烃／炭黑导电复合材料电学和力学性能的影响     

以单一非离子型乳化剂制备氧化聚乙烯蜡微乳液

采用高压乳化法,以氧化聚乙烯(OPE)蜡为原料用单一乳化剂制备了淡黄色、半透明的非离子型OPE蜡微乳液.考察了非离子型乳化剂的用量和乳化压力对OPE蜡微乳液的乳胶粒子粒径和粒径分布的影响.结果表明:增加乳化剂用量或增加乳化压力均有利于降低水的表面张力,形成粒径更小的OPE乳胶粒子.在乳化剂用量为OPE蜡的25％、助剂用量为乳化剂的5％,乳化时压力为(8.5±0.5)MPa时,可获得性能良好的非离子型OPE微乳液.     

缓蚀剂高滴点氧化石油蜡钡皂的研究

对氧化石油蜡钡皂的制备方法进行了研究,考察了氢氧化钡、硬脂酸、氧化聚乙烯蜡等原料的加入量、反应温度及反应时间对产物性能参数的影响,研制出一种滴点高、针入度小的氧化石油蜡钡皂.     

阻燃聚烯烃/碳纳米管复合材料研究进展

综述了含碳纳米管(CNT)填料的3种聚烯烃[乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、聚丙烯(PP)及聚乙烯(PE)]复合材料的研究进展,主要包括含多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)的材料,也包括了同时含MWCNT及层状硅酸盐(LS)和纳米氢氧化铝(ATH)的材料,从中可看出这几种无机纳米填料间的阻燃协同效应。作为线缆无卤阻燃包覆料,EVA/MWCNT/LS/ATH纳米复合材料显示了很好的应用前景。     

氧化石蜡皂产品特点与生产工艺的研究

介绍了氧化石蜡皂的产品特点、发展方向、与合成脂肪酸生产工艺的差异。通过生产实践,确定了氧化温度140～145℃,风速12—13m／min,终点酸价90,皂化温度100℃,热处理管式炉出口温度150～180℃,物料停留时间1h,依此生产工艺条件所得到的氧化石蜡皂产品,在磷矿浮选应用上,与传统型产品对比,具有明显优势。     

氧化聚乙烯蜡对聚丙烯/剑麻纤维复合材料力学性能的影响

采用熔融共混与注塑成型的方法制备了聚丙烯/氧化聚乙烯蜡/剑麻纤维(PP/OPE/SF)复合材料,研究了氧化聚乙烯蜡(OPE)对复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,OPE显著提高了复合材料的冲击强度,适当添加量的OPE增强了PP/SF的界面键合,提高了复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量.     

Studies of the Mechanical Properties and Practical Coating Adhesion on PP Modified by Oxidized Wax

In this study, the influences of polarity and the amount of oxidized polypropylene wax (OPPW) in blends with polypropylene (PP) were investigated by studying their surface properties. OPPW was completely miscible with PP up to 10 wt%. The adhesive strength of a acrylic-based primer coating on PP sheets, containing different wt% of OPPWs, was evaluated by using a direct 'pull off' test method. The results showed that the adhesive strength of the coating improved with an increase of the amount of OPPW in the blend. However, the degree of polarity in the OPPW did not have a significant impact on its adhesive properties. These observations were also supported by the results of ATR–FT-IR spectroscopy and surface energy measurements of the substrate. Furthermore, the results of adhesion test on the coating panels showed a significant enhancement after exposing to heat in an oven prior to the application of coating, e.g., about 230% increase for the blend containing 8 wt% of OPPW. The TGA curves showed a maximum drop of about 10% in thermal stability in comparison with that of the unblended PP. The changes in the mechanical properties of the blends were explained by considering the morphology of the blends and were supported by the changes in blend crystalinity and melting behavior. The elastic modulus remained almost unchanged while elongation and stress to breakpoint experienced a sharp reduction at concentrations of wax content higher than 6 wt%. The study showed a good balance of substrate coatability with its bulk properties at a blend concentration of about 6 wt% of OPPW.     

Oxidized and Ethylenediamine-Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for the Separation of Low Concentration Arsenate from Water

In this work multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified by oxidation (o-MWCNTs) and by aminofunctionalization (e-MWCNTs) were examined as potential adsorbents for arsenate removal from water. Adsorption characteristics of raw and modified MWCNTs were investigated in batch adsorption experiments. The influence of solution pH (pH range 3–10), contact time, and temperature (25, 35, and 45°C) were studied. Ethylenediamine-functionalized MWCNTs have the greatest affinity for arsenate ions, followed by o-MWCNTs and raw-MWCNTs. The obtained experimental data for raw- and o-MWCNTs fitted Sips isotherm model, while for the e-MWCNTs, the Freundlich model provided the best fit to the experimental points. The maximum adsorption capacity for arsenate ions was achieved using e-MWCNTs, 12.18 mg g^?1. The presence of the arsenate on the adsorbent is confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Thermodynamic studies indicated the spontaneity and endothermic nature of the adsorption. Sodium hydroxide solution (0.1 M) was found to desorb about 70% of arsenate from e-MWCNTs. The results with spiked drinking water samples demonstrated that e-MWCNTs, due to the present basic and acidic groups, were very efficient for the removal of arsenate ions, as well as of some cations, at pH 4.     

Polyolefin waxes

The properties of polylefin waxes derived from polypropylene, polybutene, and their copolymers are described, with particular references to those which are useful as coatings and barrier materials. These products can be applied with conventional melt- and curtain-coating machines on paper and other substrates to give coatings with properties comparable to those of extrusion-coated, plastic-grade polyolefins. Because of their low melt viscosity and consequent ease of application, they should find wide application in the packaging industry.     

改性炭黑对多相聚烯烃/炭黑导电复合材料阻温特性的影响

以高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)为基体,研究了不同组分及炭黑(CB)改性方法对PE/聚丙烯(PP)/CB多相聚烯烃导电复合材料阻温特性的影响.结果表明,在PE中添加PP能显著降低材料的室温体积电阻率,适量的CB能够提高材料的正温度系数(PTC)强度.经过硝酸和过硫酸钾改性的CB能够有效提高复合材料的导电性和PTC强度,其中硝酸改性的CB能与聚烯烃形成强物理吸附,使CB粒子高温下更容易分开,PTC强度比未改性时提高了25.65％.此外,改性CB能使复合材料的NTC效应降低,其中过硫酸钾使CB表面氧含量增加,提高了CB在聚烯烃中的吸附力,抑制高温团聚,经过硫酸钾改性CB的复合材料的NTC强度从未改性的0.675降低到改性后的0.339.     

Surface Oxidized Carbon Nanotubes Uniformly Coated with Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles

We report a facile non-templated hydrothermal synthesis method for the production of nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄)/carbon nanotube nanocomposite comprised of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotube (o-MWCNT) uniformly coated with nanoparticles of NiFe₂O₄ (1–5 nm). The carboxylate groups of the o-MWCNT coordinate the nanoparticles strongly at its surface, and the size of the NiFe₂O₄ particles can be controlled by the subtle variation of reaction time and the quantity of o-MWCNT used. We believe that this method can be extended to allow the uniform coating of different spinel-type materials onto o-MWCNT and other nanocarbon materials.     

碳纳米管氧化对水中微量异狄氏剂的吸附性能影响

碳纳米管表面经强酸氧化处理,管体发生解体,分散,形成碳纳米管胶体,用于去除水中低浓度持久性有机污染物异狄氏剂。扫描电镜观测表明,氧化后的碳纳米管团簇被分散开,碳纳米管被打断;红外光谱测试曲线表明,硝酸氧化后的碳纳米管表面引入了大量含氧官能团。氧化前后的碳纳米管对异狄氏剂的吸附实验研究表明,氧化后碳纳米管的吸附性能优于原始碳纳米管吸附性能,且等温吸附曲线均呈线性。