灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化技术加压大型化研发新进展

灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化技术历经20余年的研发和工程化放大,低压气化技术已日趋成熟,并用于氮肥企业原料气改造和新建甲醇合成厂。该气化技术可使用不同灰含量和灰熔融性温度的煤,过程效率也较高,符合我国资源特点。为此在山西省发展和改革委员会的支持下,中科院山西煤化所和山西晋煤集团合作成立的“山西省粉煤气化工程研究中心”正在建设3.0MPa加压灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化中试平台,2006年年底已建成,预计于2007年3月进行加压气化试验,2007年完成加压灰熔聚流化床煤气化工业装置设计软件包的编制,形成具有我国自主知识产权、适应中国煤炭特点的大规模加压灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化技术。本文介绍了灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化过程,指出它的优点、缺点、适用范围、技术现状和发展方向,并对加压灰熔聚气化中试技术进行了简介。     

煤加压气化技术的研究开发

简要介绍了煤科总院北京煤化工研究分院在加压固定床气化—包括Φ650mm中试和Φ100mm小试技术,Φ100mm和Φ300mm加压流化床气化技术等方面的研究和开发情况,重点介绍了典型中国煤种在上述固定床和流化床气化炉试烧时的气化特性。指出做为国内唯一的固定床加压气化小试装置和少有的加压流化床气化小试装置,今后将在煤种气化特性评价、煤化工多联产规划等方面发挥积极作用,同时简要阐述了加压气化技术的发展前景。     

液态排渣鲁奇气化技术的进展

英国煤气公司开发的液态排渣鲁奇气化技术具有气化效率高、氧耗量低的特点。又由于水煤浆及气化焦油可喷射入气化炉，因此既解决了粉煤的进料问题，又可以在炉内处理气化废水及焦油，改善了环境污染；本文介绍了近二十年来液态排渣鲁奇气化技术的开发过程、解决的工艺及设备等问题以及目前的进展。     

煤气化工序中气化炉系统的节能分析与计算

煤气化工序消耗大量的原料煤,所以必然要作为一个重点能耗单元来进行细致分析、核算。文章通过煤气化工序中气化炉系统的节能分析与计算,利用实例对气化炉系统的物料平衡和热平衡计算评估过程做了阐述,介绍了节能分析与计算在实际操作中的应用。     

大型煤制合成气技术进展

煤气化技术是洁净煤技术的重要组成部分,各种煤气化炉型和气化技术都有各自的优点和不足之处,选择适合的煤气化技术对煤化工项目至关重要。介绍了目前国内大型煤制合成气中广泛应用的Shell煤气化工艺、Texaco水煤浆气化工艺及近年来研发成功的具有自主知识产权的多元料浆加压气化技术、多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化技术、两段式干煤粉加压气化技术和四喷嘴对置式干粉煤加压气化技术的工艺特点、应用情况。这些技术将是目前和未来大型煤制合成气的技术支撑。     

Reasearch on the main factors for changes in pressure based on turbulent circulating fluidized bed coal gasification technology

High temperature preheated air and steam as gasifying agent and coal gasification was performed in a pressurized turbulent circulating fluidized bed (CFB) gasification pilot plant to investigate the pressurized gasification process and estimate its potential. Within the scope of this paper this test facility as well as its operation behavior was described. Furthermore, the parameter pressure has been investigated regarding its influence on the syngas composition and was presented and discussed in the following. The results show that the gasification quality is improved at higher pressure because of the better fluidization in the reactor. Coal gasification at a higher pressure shows advantages in lower heat value and carbon conversion. With the gasifier pressure increased from 0.1MPa to 0.3MPa, the gas heating value is increased by 15%. Increasing the gasifier pressure would increase the carbon conversion from 57.52% to 76.76%. Also, the dry gas yield and efficiency of cold gas increase little with the increase of the gasifier pressure. The operating parameter of pressure exists at optimum operating range for this specific CFB coal gasification process.     

诸种褐煤的固定床加压气化特性

褐煤用于固定床加压气化是提升其使用价值的有效措施。通过对中国7种褐煤(小龙潭、黄县、沈北、东北、扎赉诺尔、舒兰和先锋)的煤质特性分析，并从不同直径的固定床加压气化炉中，获得了褐煤的各项气化技术经济指标，总结了褐煤固定床加压气化的一般规律。     

干法进料气流床煤气化技术的现状与发展

煤气化按煤的粒度和气化炉内的气体流速等可分为固定床、流化床、气流床3种。其中干煤粉气流床加压气化具有易大规模化、煤种适应范围广、碳转化率高等特点,近年来得到大规模的应用。详细介绍了以干煤粉为原料的Shell、Prenflo、Simens GSP和西安热工院的两段式气化技术。     

对置式四喷嘴气化炉生产甲醇工艺

对兖矿国泰化工有限公司煤处理能力1 000 t/d的对置式四喷嘴新型气化炉及配套工程进行了详细介绍,分析了甲醇合成工艺的经济效益。该工艺采用新型对置式四喷嘴气化炉加压气化、部分气量通过部分冷凝变换、聚乙二醇二甲醚脱硫、三塔精馏等,能显著提高生产能力,缩短流程,节省投资,简化操作,已成功用于甲醇的生产,取得很好的经济效益。     

Experimental study of a commercial circulated fluidized bed coal gasifier

This paper presented the performance data of a commercial scale circulating fluidized bed gasifier, CFBG-800-I. The operation condition effects on gasifier temperature distribution and gasifier performance were studied. It is found that the external cycle has a critical influence on the gasifier temperature profiles. Both the Air/Coal ratio and Steam/Coal ratio affect the bed temperature. The increasing in Air/Coal ratio decreases the valuable gases content, which is adverse to the gasifier performance but increases the gasifier temperature, which is favorable for the gasification reactions. The best choice of the Air/Coal ratio is a tradeoff of gasifier performance and gasifier temperature. The Steam/Coal ratio could influence gasifier temperature and gasifier performance in several ways. Increasing steam increased the water gas reaction and the CO, H₂ concentrations increase firstly, and then decrease at a Steam/Coal ratio of 0.32. Increased Steam/Coal ratio decreases the bed temperature, which is bad for the gasifier performance, and will decrease the carbon conversion efficiency. The Steam/Coal ratio should be carefully selected by comprehensive evaluation also.     

Coal gasification

For more than 100 years, production of town gas was based on carbonization of coal. An active research effort laid the basis of a scientific understanding of the principles of coal gasification and led to the development of advanced processes. These were at or near the point of commercialization when they were overtaken first by efficient processes based on cheap oil feedstocks and then by natural gas. Work on coal gasification was resumed by British Gas in the early 1970's, initially under American sponsorship, because of international interest in establishing substitute natural gas as a supplement to and an eventual replacement for natural gas. This led to a demonstration of methane synthesis from Lurgi gas, the extension of the range of coals acceptable to a Lurgi gasifier and the large scale development and demonstration of the British Gas/Lurgi Slagging Gasifier. Further development of this process and of the down-stream conversion of the product gas to methane forms part of a substantial long term Research, Development and Demonstration Programme. This should ensure that British Gas has access to appropriate proven technology when it eventually becomes necessary to supplement natural gas supplies. The principles involved in coal gasification are considered together with their application to the development of a commercial process.     

灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化技术0.6MPa工业炉运行概况

介绍了中科院山西煤炭化学研究所开发的灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化技术及其适用范围、工业应用情况。灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化技术具有气化温度适中、氧耗量较低、煤种适应性宽、产品气不含焦油、气化炉耐火材料要求低等优点。同时,对0.6 MPa工业装置的运行情况进行了介绍,总结了0.6 MPa工业装置运行结果,并指出当前需要改进和完善之处。     

壳牌气化炉垮渣事故的原因及处理

河南煤业化工集团龙宇煤化工有限公司50万t/a甲醇项目采用Shell粉煤加压气化工艺。介绍了一起Shell气化炉跳车垮渣事故的经过;分析了垮渣事故的原因;提出了提高炉温、更换煤种、添加石灰石等处理措施。结果表明,通过优化操作,该气化炉再也没有发生类似事故。     

干煤粉加压气化技术的现状和进展

干法进料的气流床煤气化技术是当今国际上最先进的煤气化技术之一,与水煤浆气化技术相比,具有煤种适应性广、原料消耗低、碳转化率高、冷煤气效率高等优势,有更强的市场竞争力。为了加强对干煤粉加压气化技术的基础研究和应用推广,研究了干煤粉气化炉、气流输送过程、合成气净化系统及其配套工艺,分析了干煤粉气化炉在应用中存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了解决的思路。概述了国内外大型粉煤气流床气化技术发展的主要情况,分析了干法进料气流床煤气化技术中存在的问题与采取的技术途径。     

Effects of burner type on a bench-scale entrained flow gasifier and conceptual modeling of the system with Aspen Plus

The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) system is well known for its high efficiency compared with that of other coal fueled power generating systems. In this study, gasification using different types of burners with different oxygen supply angles in a bench-scale entrained flow gasifier was investigated. The effects of the oxygen gas supply angle of the coal burner and resulting oxygen supply location in the gasifier on the syngas composition and temperature of the gasifier were experimentally examined. These changes had a significant influence on the syngas composition of the final stream, carbon conversion, and efficiencies. According to the experimental results, the models using the Aspen Plus process simulator were positioned to define the effects of the experimental parameters and to find the optimum operating conditions in the bench gasifier facility.     

干法进料加压粉煤气化制合成气

干法进料加压粉煤气化工艺具有氧耗低、煤种适应广、冷煤气效率高等优点，国内宜先从中间试验起步进行工艺和工程开发。在气化炉结构方面，立式炉（与ＧＳＰ炉相似）结构简单，国内工作基础较好，宜作为干粉气化的基本炉型。     

地下气化炉煤层松动技术研究及应用

煤炭地下气化是煤炭利用的一条新途径。但由于此前地下气化煤层均是坚实致密的原始煤层,致使煤气产量难以提高。经分析、论证、应用了一种地下气化煤层松动的方法,为提高地下气化产量、促进地下气化发展创造了条件。     

Determination of fouling characteristics of various coals under gasification condition

In a coal gasifier and heat exchanger, adhered and deposited fouling inhibits heat transfer making the stable operation of the gasifier difficult. Since heat-transfer performance of the heat exchanger directly affects the output of Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle plants, it is important to understand the effect of fouling on the characteristics of adhesion and deposition on the heat exchanger tube beforehand. But very few studies have been conducted about concerning the relationship between fouling property and adherability, which depend on the reducing condition on the gasifier system.The main purpose of the present investigation is to determine the low temperature ash deposition behavior under coal gasification condition by using drop tube furnace (DTF), in which behavior of coal particle in actual gasification condition can be simulated experimentally. Nine pulverized coal samples which are in the range of bituminous and sub-bituminous are injected into DTF under gasification condition. The ash particles are deposited onto sample collector by impacting and agglomerating actions; deposit samples of ash are collected, quantitative analyses are performed by EDX and weight measurements. Experiment results illustrated that mineral components are generally considered as a dominant parameter to determine behavior of ash deposition at low temperature among various physical and chemical properties of coal. It is also found that the alkaline earth mineral in coal ash such as MgO and CaO compounds leads to fouling deposition under the gasification condition.     

Shell气化炉的结构特点及操作维修

详细介绍了Shell气化炉的主要组成(按工艺功能分):气化反应段、急冷段、输气管段、气体返回段、气体冷却段、辅助设备等,总结了气化炉的结构特点:结构复杂、控制点多、操作难度大、制粉系统故障率高等,并对气化炉的安装、操作维修进行了说明,以期对引进技术的消化吸收工作起指导作用。     

加压气流床煤气化制甲醇的过程模拟

加压气流床气化（GSP）工艺技术是一种先进的煤气化技术,笔者概述了该气化技术的开发过程及GSP炉的结构.以GSP炉为例,介绍了中型甲醇装置组合流程的模拟设计数据,装置投资与Texaco工艺相似,技术指标与Shell工艺相似.