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1.
Castor oil has been used to prepare millable elastomers by using 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, respectively. These elastomers are vulcanized with sulfur and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate separately by using the standard methods of rubber technology, and the properties of these vulcanizates are reported. 相似文献
2.
Maria Augusta de Luca Márcia Martinelli Marly Maldaner Jacobi Patrícia Luíza Becker Marco Flores Ferrão 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2006,83(2):147-151
New inorganic-organic hybrids were synthesized through the reaction of castor oil (CO) or epoxidized castor oil (ECO) with
tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The mass proportions of ECO/TEOS varied from 90∶10 to 60∶40, and films of the material were thermally
cured. An IR spectroscopy analysis was performed, and macro- and microscopic properties such as adhesion, hardness, swelling
in toluene, microstructure (scanning electron microscopy), and T
g
were investigated as a function of the proportion of their inorganic-organic precursor. Morphologic studies showed that the
hybrid films were homogeneous when lower proportions of the inorganic precursors were used. Hardness and tensile strength
increased with TEOS concentration, whereas swelling in toluene decreased with TEOS concentration. Good adhesion was observed
throughout the hybrid series. 相似文献
3.
This study was aimed at evaluating the physicochemical properties and oxidation stability of castor oil using microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MAE). MAE was performed using 5% ethanol in hexane as solvent at different extraction times, power intensities and solvent-to-feed (S/F, ml of solvent to gram of feed) ratios. The process parameters were optimized by statistical approach using historical data design of response surface method (RSM). The oils were characterized for yield, physicochemical properties, dielectric properties and oxidation stability, and comparison was also made with oil extracted using Soxhlet method. Results show that the maximum oil yield of 37% was obtained at 20 min with microwave power intensity of 330 W and S/F ratio of 20. The main fatty acid composition of castor oil is ricinoleic acid. The density, refractive index, dielectric properties and oxidation stability of oils are not affected by the extraction methods and extraction parameters of MAE. However, the MAE-extracted oil is more viscous compared to that by Soxhlet method. With extra caution on oil oxidation, MAE could be a promising solvent extraction method with an 86% less in processing time and a higher yield. 相似文献
4.
D. A. Yeadon A. R. Markezich L. A. Goldblatt 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1959,36(11):541-545
Summary The preparation and properties of two series of castor oil urethane foams, one from castor oil and the other from elaidinized
castor oil, were investigated. The first series of foams was made from prepolymers containing 60% of castor oil prepared at
increasing temperature levels to vary the degree of crosslinking in the final foams. These foams had lower tensile strengths
than observed for a previously prepared foam of 60% castor oil and did not show significant differences in water resistance
as crosslinking varied. They were increased nearly 100% in compressive strength with increased crosslinking and had very good
shrinkage characteristics as values of only 1 to 2% were obtained.
A second series of foams was prepared from 50, 60, 70, and 80% of elaidinized castor oil to compare with foams from a similar
series from castor oil. This series of foams of 50 to 80% elaidinized castor oil contents was similar in density (1.7 to 6.7
lbs./cu. ft.), had improved shrinkage characteristics (11, 1, 3, and 4%, respectively), showed increased compressive and tensile
strengths (up to 12.1 p.s.i. at 50% compression modulus and 34.7 p.s.i. ultimate tensile for the 60% foam formulation), and
had better water-resistance properties (411 to 155%vs. 515 to 170% water absorption) than the analogous foams from castor oil. In general, humid aging only slightly affected the
values obtained for the foams and was significant in only a few instances,e.g., decreased tensile in the elaidinized castor oil series.
Thus increasing crosslinks in the foam apparently did not improve water resistance but did improve shrinkage characteristics
in addition to some increased strength properties, as would be anticipated. Foams from elaidinized castor oil, while similar
in density and foaming characteristics to analogous foams from castor oil, exhibited less shrinkage and improved water-resistance.
Presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Oil Chemists' Society, New Orleans, La., April 20–22, 1959.
Ono of the laboratories of the Southern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S.
Department of Agriculture. 相似文献
5.
Heptaldehyde and undecylenic acid from castor oil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
G. Das R. K. Trivedi A. K. Vasishtha 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1989,66(7):938-941
Castor Oil was pyrolyzed in a vertical stainless steel tubular reactor packed with 12.5-mm diameter mild steel balls in presence
of 0.5% benzoyl peroxide. The operating parameters were optimized to obtain high yields of heptaldehyde and undecylenic acid.
Heating at 550 C under reduced pressure of 45 mm (Hg) yielded 24.8% heptaldehyde and 36.0% undecylenic acid. 相似文献
6.
Coatings formulated from castor oil glycidyl ether (COGE), epoxy resin UVR 6100, and photoinitiator UVI 6990 produced smooth coatings with excellent gloss and good flexibility, adhesion, gloss retention, and water resistance. Formulations containing up to 50% COGE afforded promising coating performance attributes. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 8–13, 2000 相似文献
7.
Don S. Bolley 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1959,36(10):518-523
8.
B. Sreenivasan N. R. Kamath J. G. Kane 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1957,34(6):302-307
- Products of low iodine value (<10.0) and hydroxyl value (35–40) can be readily obtained by hydrogenating castor oil at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures of the order of 220°, using 1.0% Raney nickel.
- Dehydration of ricinoleic acid and subsequent hydrogenation of the resulting double bond as also simple saturation of ricinoleic acid are the main reactions occurring during the hydrogenation of castor oil under ordinary conditions.
- Increase in the amount of catalyst favors more the hydrogenation of double bond at lower temperatures and both dehydration and hydrogenation at about 220°, which seems to be the optimum temperature for the maximum conversion of ricinoleic acid into nonhydroxy acids with both Raney and dryreduced nickel at atmospheric pressures.
- Higher proportions of catalyst, addition of catalyst stepwise, and higher temperature of hydrogenation cause considerable splitting and estolide formation.
- When hydrogenation is carried out at room temperature, under a pressure of 40 p.s.i. with alcohol as solvent, a product rich in monohydroxy stearic acid is obtained.
- True unsaturation of hydrogenated castor oil is measured by the Wijs method at 15–20°C.
9.
We report here the synthesis of methyl 9,12-epoxyoctadecanoate (2-[7-methoxycarbonyl-heptyl]-5-hexanyl-tetrahydrofuran). Methyl
ricinoleate (methyl 12-hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoate), isolated from castor oil methyl esters was isomerized with diphenyl disulfide as radical initiator under
ultraviolet radiation to give thetrans isomer, methyl ricinelaidate. The latter was cyclized by slow addition of 10% bromine solution in dichloromethane to give
methyl 10-bromo-9,12-epoxyoctadecanoate, which on hydrogenation with Pd/C catalyst gave the title compound, methyl 9,12-epoxyoctadecanoate. 相似文献
10.
Summary By de-hydroxylating the 12-hydroxystearic acid, which may be prepared in a pure state by the alcoholysis of fully hydrogenated
castor oil, there may be obtained in at least 40% yield an exceptionally pure stearic acid whose solidification point is the
same as that of a similar product previously reported by others (1). Avoided by the procedure described are recourse to the
necessity of preparing lead soaps for the removal of unsaturated fatty acids and the drudgery of repeated crystallizations
as prescribed by other published methods.
From the doctoral dissertation of D. A. Roth. University of Wisconsin, May, 1944. 相似文献
11.
R. N. Mukherjea K. K. Saha A. Gupta S. K. Sanyal 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1979,56(6):624-628
Esters of dehydrated castor oil fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols like ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol
and sorbitol have been prepared. The esters, having hydroxyl value ranging from 78.5 to 167, were reacted with toluene diisocyanate.
The scratch hardness and other film properties of the resulting urethanes have been studied. Urethanes obtained from various
mixtures of the above esters also have been studied. The best results have been obtained when a mixture of ethylene glycol
ester and plenaerythritol ester of dehydrated castor oil fatty acids in the ratio of 4:1 are reacted with one equivalent of
toluene diisocyanate. One equivalent of glycerol ester (hydroxyl value 78.5), ethylene glycol ester (hydroxyl value 167),
or propylene glycol ester (hydroxyl value 159.4) of DCO fatty acids when reacted with 1.25 equivalent of toluene diisocyanate
also gave satisfactory products. 相似文献
12.
Sebacic acid and 2-octanol from castor oil 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A. K. Vasishtha R. K. Trivedi G. Das 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1990,67(5):333-337
Alkali pyrolysis of castor oil was carried out in the presence of white mineral oil. The operating parameters were optimized
to obtain high yields of 2-octanol and sebacic acid. Alkali pyrolysis at 280±2°C in the presence of 1% red lead catalyst yielded
70.1% 2-octanol and 72.5% sebacic acid on the basis of their respective theoretical yields.
Paper presented in ISF-JOCS World Congress 1988, held at Tokyo, Japan. 相似文献
13.
C. K. Lyon V. H. Garrett E. N. Frankel 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1974,51(8):331-334
Castor, safflower, and oleic safflower oil derivatives with enhanced reactivity and hydroxyl group content were prepared by hydroformylation with a rhodium-triphenylphosphine catalyst, followed by hydrogenation. Rigid urethane foams prepared from these hydroxymethylated derivatives had excellent compressive strengths, closed cell contents, and dimensional stability. Best properties were obtained from hydroxymethylated polyol esters of castor acids. 相似文献
14.
Mangesh G. Kulkarni Sudhirprakash B. Sawant 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2003,105(5):214-218
Esters of castor oil and hydrogenated castor oil were prepared with C6, C12, C16, C18 fatty acids, using tetra‐n‐butyl titanate as a catalyst and n‐butyl benzene as a water entrainer. Physical properties such as melting point, refractive index, viscosity, and specific gravity of these esters were measured. Slip melting points of the esters were very low in both cases. These esters did not crystallize even at low temperature. The highest slip melting point obtained was 21 °C with stearoyl hydrogenated castor oil ester and lowest slip melting point obtained was —6 °C with hexanoyl castor oil ester. 相似文献
15.
Bhikhu Suthar Daniel Klempner Kurt C. Frisch Zoran Petrovic Zelimir Jelcic 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1994,53(8):1083-1090
Three series of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on a polyurethane (castor oil + toluene diisocyanate) with polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly(n-butyl methacrylate) were synthesized and characterized. Dielectric relaxation studies of these IPNs were carried out from ?150 to 100°C in the 100 Hz to 100 kHz range. The effects of structural variables such as composition, type of vinyl monomer, as well as the effect of interaction of the phases on the dielectric properties were studied. A certain degree of phase mixing was observed to exist in all series as detected by the variation of the glass-transition temperatures of the IPNs. Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars polarization at the interface of the two phases was observed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
16.
17.
B. Sreenivasan N. R. Kamath J. G. Kane 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1956,33(2):61-66
Summary Methyl esters of castor oil were prepared by saponifying the oil with potassium hydroxide in methanol, splitting the potassium
soapsin situ with an excess of hydrochloric acid, and esterifying at room temperature. The esters had hydroxyl values comparable with
those of the parent oils. The methyl esters were quantitatively resolved into hydroxy and nonhydroxy esters after reacting
with succinic anhydride in toluene. The composition of castor oil was calculated from a) amount of nonhydroxy esters, b) methyl
linoleate content of methyl esters determined spectro-photometrically, c) iodine value of the methyl esters determined by
the Wijs method at 15–20°C., and d) iodine value of the nonhydroxy esters determined by the Woburn method. This composition
was confirmed by the estimation of saturated acids in one sample and dihydroxystearic acid in all. Castor oil was readly hydrogenated
with Raney nickel in alcohol at room temperature (30–33°C.) without any hydrogenolysis of the hydroxyl groups. Methyl dihydroxystearate
content of the methyl esters of this hydrogenated oil was determined by reaction with 80–100% excess periodic acid at 15–20°C.
Part of a thesis submitted for the Ph.D. degree to the University of Bombay. 相似文献
18.
V. Shukla M. Singh D. K. Singh Ri Shukla 《Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions》2005,88(3):217-220
Summary Over the past few years, the challenges of globalisation, consolidation and economical point of view have meant that manufacturers
of epoxy formulations have to constantly improve their capability to meet the needs of customers. An active area for advancement
is that of epoxy and polyamide resin with castor oil. Generally, people working in the coating industries are familiar with
castor oil, but this paper provides information on the new use of castor oil in epoxy and polyamide resin. This novel product
(castor oil-modified epoxy resin/castor oil-modified polyamide) provides a previously unattainable combination and improved
flexibility and toughness to a variety of ambient cure applications. This communication will review the performance of these
castor oil-modified epoxy and polyamide resin surface coatings and adhesives. Based on the results of this study, these systems
offer some advantages without much affecting the traditional properties of epoxy and polyamide resin in a variety of applications. 相似文献
19.
Tarulata B. Shah 《大分子材料与工程》1989,165(1):125-131
Prepolyesters were obtained from castor oil and dibasic acids, viz oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, suberic and sebacic acid. These prepolyesters (PPE) were subsequently interpenetrated with methyl methacrylate containing 1% ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker by radical polymerization initiated with benzoyl peroxide. The novel PPE poly(methyl methacrylate) PPE/PMMA interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were obtained as powder. They were characterized by solubility behaviour, IR spectral study and thermal behaviour. 相似文献