稀土元素添加对铁基非晶复合材料腐蚀行为的影响

采用工业级原料经包覆剂(CaO-Fe_2O_3-SiO_2)处理制备了Fe-15Mn-5Si-14Cr-0.2C和添加稀土元素Ce、Dy及Ce+Dy的非晶复合材料棒状试样,用XRD和TEM研究不同稀土元素对复合材料微观组织的影响,用电化学工作站三电极体系分析试样在1 mol/L的HCl及1 mol/L的NaOH中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:合金在添加稀土元素后的组织仍为非晶复合材料,晶体相为过冷奥氏体相CFe_(15.1)和铁素体相Fe-Cr。加入质量分数1%Ce的试样在HCl及NaOH中的耐蚀性均为最佳,在HCl中自腐蚀电位为–0.162 05 V,自腐蚀电流密度为7.6999×10~(-8) A·cm~(-2),极化阻值达到9.5774×10~8Ω·cm~2;在NaOH中自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流密度分别为–0.1839 V,1.7453×10~(-8) A·cm~(-2),极化阻值为7.1574×10~8Ω·cm~2。耐蚀性远优于AISI304,是潜力巨大的耐蚀材料。     

激光熔覆FeCrNiCoMoCuBSi高熵合金涂层的腐蚀磨损性能

利用激光熔覆技术在316L不锈钢表面制备了FeCrNiCoMoCuBSi高熵合金涂层,分析了其组织结构、硬度、摩擦磨损、电化学腐蚀和腐蚀磨损性能。结果表明,熔覆层成型良好,表面无裂纹、气孔等缺陷。熔覆层主要由FCC固溶体相组成,微观组织以“柳条状”树枝晶为主,结合区为平面晶,与基体呈良好的冶金结合。熔覆层的平均硬度为700 HV_0.2,约为基材的3.5倍。熔覆层在不同载荷下的摩擦系数均低于基材,磨损量小于基材,表现出明显优于基材的耐磨性。在3.5wt% NaCl溶液中,熔覆层自腐蚀电流密度为4.74×10^_-8A.cm^_-2,低于基材两个数量级,耐蚀性优异。在摩擦载荷与腐蚀耦合作用下,熔覆层开路电位发生负偏移,腐蚀倾向增大。随摩擦载荷增大,自腐蚀电位负移,自腐蚀电流密度增大,摩擦促进腐蚀作用增大。     

30CrMnSiA钢表面镉镀层化学转化膜的电化学特性

目的 通过研究镉镀层绿色化学转化膜的电化学性能,获得镉镀层最佳绿色化学钝化工艺。方法 采用无氰镀镉工艺,在30CrMnSiA钢表面电镀镉。采用植酸和钼酸钠在镉镀层表面进行绿色钝化处理,构建复合化学转化膜。通过研究钼酸钠浓度、处理时间和植酸浓度对绿色钝化处理镀镉层在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中电化学性能的影响,获得最佳的镀镉层绿色钝化工艺。结果 在处理时间为10 min、植酸的质量分数为1.0%的条件下,当钼酸钠的质量分数增至3%时,开路电压先从−0.741 9 V增至−0.739 7 V后,再降至−0.761 1 V,电荷转移电阻Rct从2.34 kΩ.cm²增至8.79 kΩ.cm²,腐蚀抑制率从72.9%增至92.8%,自腐蚀电流密度Jcorr从81.47 μA/cm²降至最低值(6.887 2 μA/cm²)。当钼酸钠和植酸的质量分数分别为2.0%和1.0%时,随着处理时间的延长,开路电压从−0.755 9 V增至−0.729 5 V,Rct先增至6.68 kΩ.cm²,然后降至5.28 kΩ.cm²,自腐蚀电流密度从16.26 μA/cm²降至4.527 μA/cm²。当钼酸钠的质量分数为2.0%、处理时间为10 min时,随着植酸浓度的增加,试样的开路电压从−0.739 3 V降至−0.756 1 V,Rct先增至6.68 kΩ.cm²,然后降低,自腐蚀电流密度Jcorr呈现先降至最小值后再增大的趋势。结论 与镉镀层相比,经化学转化膜处理后试样表现为高的开路电压、大的电荷转移电阻和低的自腐蚀电流。得到了耐蚀性好且成本较低的镉镀层表面绿色钝化工艺,钼酸钠和植酸的质量分数分别为2.0%和1.0%,处理时间为10 min。     

钛双极板无定型碳涂层在PEMFC不同氟离子环境中的性能

采用直流平衡磁控溅射在TA2基材表面制备了无定型碳涂层,并采用电化学和表面接触电阻测试分析了TA2基材和无定型碳涂层在质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）不同F^-浓度环境中的耐腐蚀性和导电性。无定型碳涂层的耐腐蚀性和导电性均优于TA2基材,随着F^-浓度由1×10^-6 mol/L逐渐增加到1×10^-3 mol/L,TA2基材和无定型涂层的缺陷密度增加,试样耐腐蚀性均有所下降。在高F^-浓度环境中（1×10^-3 mol/L）,无定型碳涂层在0.6 V电位下的腐蚀电流密度为0.68 μA/cm²,依然能够对基材形成良好的保护。此外,TA2基材表面制备无定型碳涂层后,试样的表面导电性有所提升,其界面接触电阻值由76.40 mΩ·cm²（TA2）下降至6.52 mΩ·cm²。     

超音速大气等离子喷涂TiB2-SiC涂层的抗氧化性及耐熔盐腐蚀性能

采用超音速大气等离子喷涂制备全包覆TiB₂-SiC涂层,研究了TiB₂-SiC涂层在400和800 ℃的氧化性能,并探究其氧化机理。对TiB₂-SiC涂层在900 ℃下的抗铝熔盐腐蚀性能进行研究,并探讨其耐熔盐腐蚀机理。结果表明,超音速大气等离子喷涂制备的TiB₂-SiC涂层具有良好的抗氧化性,在400 ℃的氧化速率常数为1.92×10^-5 mg²·cm^-4·s^-1,在800 ℃的氧化速率常数为1.82×10^-4 mg²·cm^-4·s^-1。超音速大气等离子喷涂制备的TiB₂-SiC涂层在900 ℃下具有良好的抗熔盐腐蚀性能,熔盐腐蚀后TiB₂-SiC涂层都保持致密结构,未发生涂层的开裂及剥落。     

磁场对钕铁硼表面电沉积Ni镀层性能的影响

目的 研究不同磁场参数对钕铁硼表面电沉积Ni镀层性能的影响。方法 以烧结钕铁硼(NdFeB)为基体,采用磁场辅助电沉积方法在其表面镀覆Ni层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS能谱仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析镀层的表面形貌、元素组成和微观结构,通过电化学工作站对Ni镀层进行耐蚀性能研究。结果 施加磁场能显著改善镀层的表面形貌,表面镀层形貌更加均匀致密;试样的耐蚀性显著提高,在平行磁场方向下,当磁场强度为0.07 T时电沉积30 min,所得Ni镀层自腐蚀电位(Ecorr)为–0.193 V,自腐蚀电流密度(Jcorr)为8.305×10^–7 A.cm^–2,阻抗值达到3.882×10⁴ Ω.cm²,耐蚀性最好。结论 施加磁场后,镀层性能得到改善,平行磁场作用下Ni镀层更加均匀细致,其耐蚀性最优,垂直磁场次之,均优于无磁场作用下制备的Ni镀层。     

Cr3C2/WC的添加对Stellite 12熔覆层耐磨耐蚀性的影响

目的 提高Stellite 12熔覆层的耐磨耐蚀性能。方法 将Stellite 12合金粉末与碳化物(Cr3C2、WC)混合,采用激光熔覆技术在H13钢板上制备复合熔覆层。通过超景深显微镜和XRD分析其显微组织和物相,通过显微硬度测试、摩擦磨损试验和电化学腐蚀试验,分别评价熔覆层的硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性,并通过超景深显微镜对磨痕形貌进行分析。结果 添加碳化物后,熔覆层的微观组织以柱状晶和树枝晶为主,物相主要由γ-Co固溶体和碳化物(M23C6、M7C3)组成;Cr3C2的添加使得熔覆层的硬度降低,由610HV0.2降至530HV0.2,但耐磨性得到提高,磨损量由0.45 mm³降至0.33 mm³,下降了28%,耐蚀性得到提高,腐蚀电位由−0.385 V增加到−0.264 V,腐蚀电流密度由9.269×10⁻¹⁰ A/cm²降至1.496×10⁻¹⁰ A/cm²,极化电阻由3.982×10⁷ Ω.cm²提升至2.424×10⁸ Ω.cm²,提高了1个数量级;WC的添加使其硬度由610HV0.2提高至750HV0.2,磨损深度变浅,磨损量由0.45 mm³降至0.19 mm³,下降了43%,但耐腐蚀性有所降低。3种熔覆层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。结论 WC的添加可以有效提高熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性,但耐腐蚀性有所降低;添加Cr3C2后,耐蚀性得到显著提高,耐磨性略微提升,但硬度降低。     

电流密度对ZK60镁合金表面超疏水涂层的制备及耐腐蚀性的影响

为了提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性能,基于层状双氢氧化物（LDHs）膜在ZK60镁合金表面制备了超疏水（SH）涂层。涂层制备过程中引入电场辅助,研究了工作电流密度对涂层性能的影响。结果表明,工作电流密度显著影响LDHs膜的微观结构,这对SH涂层的疏水性具有重要影响。当工作电流密度为25 mA/cm²时,SH涂层表面呈现均匀的微纳米结构,并表现出超疏水性。超疏水涂层的腐蚀电流密度（I_corr=9×10^-7 A·cm^-2）比ZK60基体的腐蚀电流密度（I_corr=3×10^-5 A·cm^-2）低了2个数量级,表现出优异的耐腐蚀性。     

微弧氧化膜层的组分质量比率、结构与性能

为了同时提高AZ61的MgF₂+MgO微弧氧化膜层的电化学腐蚀与磨损性能,本文运用复合电介质顺序放电学术思想,通过减弱击穿熔体的喷发,使膜层进一步致密,进而使其性能得到提高。膜层的MgF₂-MgO质量比率α、微观组织、电化学腐蚀与磨损性能的研究结果表明：α=1.2时,减弱击穿熔体喷发的效果显著好于α=0.1和11.8,膜层的内部致密层厚度可提高到3.6 μm,是现有微弧氧化膜层的3倍,外部疏松层的阻抗可提高到13555 Ω cm^₂,比α=0.1和11.8的大30%。该膜层可将AZ61的自腐蚀电压Ecorr由-1.912提高到-0.455 V_SCE、自腐蚀电流Icorr由378.6减小到0.453(10^_-6 A/cm^₂)、磨损率由921降低到0.5(10^_-5 mm^₃/N.m)。本研究为制备高性能微弧氧化膜层提供了一种新模式。     

FeCrNiMo激光熔覆层组织与电化学腐蚀行为研究

目的 研究所设计FeCrNiMo激光熔覆层的组织结构及电化学腐蚀行为,用于解决液压支架表面防护与修复问题。方法 采用激光熔覆技术在27SiMn钢表面制备FeCrNiMo合金熔覆层,通过XRD、光学显微镜和SEM表征其微观组织结构,利用动电位极化与交流阻抗谱技术研究熔覆层电化学腐蚀行为。结果 在适宜工艺条件下实现了单道熔覆层厚度达2 mm以上,且无明显气孔、裂纹等缺陷。熔覆层具有胞状枝晶组织特征,枝晶内为马氏体,晶间富Cr、Mo的铁素体有效缓解了马氏体相变的高应力,达到了较好的强韧化匹配。熔覆层在3.5%NaCl和0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中均呈现出明显的钝化行为,钝化区间宽度分别为300 mV和1310 mV,自腐蚀电位分别为–140.2 mV和2.3 mV,自腐蚀电流密度分别为5.0×10^–8A/cm²和1.3×10^–3 A/cm²,极化电阻分别为3.5×10⁵ ?.cm²和6261.4 ?.cm²,具有较为优异的耐腐蚀性能,且显著优于基体材料,但其双相组织特征易导致微区发生选择性腐蚀。结论 所设计的FeCrNiMo合金及相应激光熔覆工艺,满足实际工程对于熔覆层高效制备、成形质量及耐蚀性的要求,可用于液压支架表面防护与修复。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.