陶粒预湿程度对轻骨料混凝土拉伸徐变的影响

采用U型管微压测定装置测定不同预湿程度陶粒在轻骨料混凝土中的吸水返水过程,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察轻骨料混凝土界面结构形貌,采用新型环形约束收缩装置研究了部分约束条件下轻骨料混凝土的拉伸徐变特性.结果表明:随着陶粒预湿程度的提高,陶粒在轻骨料混凝土中的吸水能力下降,返水能力提高,陶粒与水泥石界面结合程度加强,轻骨料混凝土的拉伸徐变值减小.     

尺寸效应对水泥净浆与粗骨料界面黏结性能的影响

分析了粗骨料的尺寸对混凝土过渡区界面黏结性能的影响,并通过劈裂抗拉试验、压剪试验获得了粗骨料和硬化水泥浆之间的劈裂抗拉强度及抗剪强度.结果表明:粗骨料的尺寸对界面过渡区的黏结性能有较大的影响,界面黏结强度随粗骨料尺寸的增大而减小;水灰比越低,界面黏结性能越好;粗骨料的类型对界面过渡区黏结性能也有较大性能的影响.     

废瓷砖再生骨料与水泥石的界面特征

以废瓷砖再生骨料(CRA)100%替代原生碎石骨料(NCA),制备了废瓷砖再生骨料混凝土(CRAC),测试了其工作性及力学强度.采用化学结合水法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及比表面积测试法(BET)等,研究了废瓷砖再生骨料-水泥石界面黏结强度、水化程度及显微结构,探讨其界面特征,并将其与原生碎石骨料(NCA)-水泥石界面相比较.结果表明:与原生碎石骨料相比,废瓷砖再生骨料具有表观密度较小、压碎指标较高及吸水率较大等特点;在相同配合比条件下,废瓷砖再生骨料混凝土具有更好的工作性和力学强度;在相同水灰比、相同龄期条件下,废瓷砖再生骨料-水泥石界面黏结强度较高,其界面区生成的水化产物较多、孔隙率更低、显微结构更加致密.     

提高水泥石—集料界面粘结强度的研究

研究了提高普通混凝土中水泥石集料界面粘结强度的途径,结果表明：在水泥中掺加超细矿渣粉,低温浅烧处理大理石集料,集料表面涂以硅烷偶联剂或丁苯胶乳,以低水灰比浆体包裹集料,均可使水泥石集料界面粘结强度得以大幅度提高．对以上提高水泥石集料界面粘结强度的机理进行了讨论．     

轻集料吸水率对轻集料水泥石界面区特性的影响

利用固体核磁共振硅谱(29Si NMR)和显微硬度计,定量表征了轻集料-水泥石界面区的水化程度、水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶聚合度和力学性能,研究了轻集料吸水率对轻集料-水泥石界面区力学性能和C-S-H凝胶微结构的影响规律,并以此验证了预湿轻集料的内养护效应.结果表明:轻集料-水泥石界面区的水化程度、C-S-H凝胶聚合度和显微硬度均高于水泥石基体;轻集料吸水率越大,轻集料-水泥石界面区的水化程度、C-S-H凝胶聚合度和显微硬度越高,预湿轻集料的内养护作用越明显.     

Durability design and performance of self-consolidating lightweight concrete

In terms of the durability, the reduction in cement paste is crucial to both volume stability and long-term performance of concrete. The objective of this paper is to compare the performance of lightweight concrete under different w/cm ratio and different cement paste content. The slump and slump flow spread of fresh self-consolidating lightweight concrete (SCLWC) are designed to be within 230–270 and 550–650 mm, respectively. The test results indicate that the 91-day compressive strength of SCLWC is up to 56 MPa when cement content is 386 kg/m³ and water content is 150 kg/m³. If enough cement paste is used, then the less the paste amount and the denser the packing of aggregate, the higher the strength efficiency of cement and the electric resistance, and the lower the chloride ion penetrability capacity of SCLWC.     

水泥浆包裹橡胶集料法配制混凝土的抗压强度

为提高橡胶混凝土的抗压强度,采用水泥浆包裹橡胶的方法配制混凝土,并进行抗压强度测试;利用SEM、EDXA和显微硬度等测试方法,对混凝土界面过渡区结构进行表征。结果表明:采用水泥浆包裹橡胶集料的方法,与基准混凝土相比较,随橡胶集料掺量的增加,混凝土7d和28d的抗压强度虽有所降低,但降低的幅度较小;橡胶集料掺量30 kg/m~3,混凝土7d和28d的抗压强度分别为普通成型混凝土的141%和136%。水泥浆包裹橡胶法配制的混凝土抗压强度高。     

Lightweight concrete incorporating pumice based blended cement and aggregate: Mechanical and durability characteristics

This paper presents the development of lightweight volcanic pumice concrete (VPC) using pumice based ASTM Type I blended cement (PVPC) and aggregates (both coarse and fine). The performance of VPC mixtures was evaluated by conducting comprehensive series of tests on fresh and hardened properties as well as durability. Fresh and mechanical properties of VPC mixtures such as slump, air content, compressive strength, tensile strength, density, and modulus of elasticity are described. The durability characteristics were investigated by drying shrinkage, water permeability, mercury intrusion porosimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and microhardness tests. The variables in the study include: % replacement (0%, 50%, 75% and 100% by volume) of normal weight coarse gravel aggregate by coarse lightweight volcanic pumice aggregate (VPA), replacement (100% by volume) of fine aggregate (sand) by fine VPA, constant (0.45)/variable (0.37–0.64) water-to-binder ratio by mass, variable (1.3–3.7) aggregate-to-binder ratio by mass and cement types (ASTM type I cement and PVPC). The investigation suggests the production of lightweight VPCs for structural applications having satisfactory strength and durability characteristics. The use of PVPC induces the beneficial effect of reducing the drying shrinkage and water permeability of VPC mixtures. The presence of coarse/fine/both VPA is also associated with lower permeability due to the development of high quality interfacial paste-aggregate transition zone and the progressive internal curing in VPCs. Development of non-expensive and environmentally friendly VPC with acceptable strength and durability characteristics (as illustrated in this study) can be extremely helpful for the sustainable construction and rehabilitation of volcanic disaster areas around the world.     

Mechanical properties of expanded polystyrene lightweight aggregate concrete and brick

In this study, mix proportion parameters of expanded polystyrene (EPS) lightweight aggregate concrete are analyzed by using Taguchi’s approach. The density, compressive strength and stress-strain behavior were tested. The optimal mixture of EPS lightweight aggregate concrete was selected among experiments under consideration to manufacture the lightweight hollow bricks. The results show that EPS dosage has the most significant effect on compressive strength of EPS lightweight aggregate concrete, then water and cement ratio, while the content of cement and sand ratio play a comparatively less important part. The relationship between density and compressive strength of EPS lightweight aggregate concrete is proposed as f_c = 2.43 × γ^2.997 × 10⁻⁹. The legitimacy of the use of EPS lightweight bricks made by EPS lightweight aggregate concrete is confirmed.     

Effect of aggregate type on properties of hardened self-consolidating lightweight concrete (SCLC)

In this study, the effects of aggregate type on the physical and mechanical properties of hardened self-consolidating concrete produced with lightweight aggregate (SCLC) were investigated. In experiments, three coarse lightweight aggregate (LWA) types, pumice, volcanic tuff and diatomite, and normal limestone aggregate were used. Different combinations of water to binder ratio and superplasticizer dosage levels were prepared for the SCLC mixtures. The total powder content (cement and mineral additives) was constant in the experiments. Physical properties such as thermal conductivity, dry unit weight, porosity and capillarity; mechanical properties such as compressive and splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and abrasion resistance were determined in hardened condition. The results, in general, showed that SCLC with LWA in lower unit weight has lower mechanical and physical properties except for thermal properties when compared to properties of SCC.     

Water absorption,permeability, and resistance to chloride-ion penetration of lightweight aggregate concrete

This paper presents an experimental study to evaluate effect of cumulative lightweight aggregate (LWA) content (including lightweight sand) in concrete [water/cement ratio (w/c) = 0.38] on its water absorption, water permeability, and resistance to chloride-ion penetration. Rapid chloride penetrability test (ASTM C 1202), rapid migration test (NT Build 492), and salt ponding test (AASHTO T 259) were conducted to evaluate the concrete resistance to chloride-ion penetration. The results were compared with those of a cement paste and a control normal weight aggregate concrete (NWAC) with the same w/c and a NWAC (w/c = 0.54) with 28-day compressive strength similar to some of the lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC). Results indicate that although the total charge passed, migration coefficient, and diffusion coefficient of the LWAC were not significantly different from those of NWAC with the same w/c of 0.38, resistance of the LWAC to chloride penetration decreased with increase in the cumulative LWA content in the concretes. The water penetration depth under pressure and water sorptivity showed, in general, similar trends. The LWAC with only coarse LWA had similar water sorptivity, water permeability coefficient, and resistance to chloride-ion penetration compared to NWAC with similar w/c. The LWAC had lower water sorptivity, water permeability and higher resistance to chloride-ion penetration than the NWAC with similar 28-day strength but higher w/c. Both the NWAC and LWAC had lower sorptivity and higher resistance to chloride-ion penetration than the cement paste with similar w/c.     

Microstructure of pre-wetted aggregate on lightweight concrete

A study was made on microstructure and water absorption rate of ‘Litcon’—a porous lightweight aggregate made from expanded clay. EDAX analysis on the aggregate particle showed different chemical compositions between the shell and the inner core of the lightweight aggregate. S.E.M. examination on the resulting concrete showed a good mechanical bonding between the cement and the aggregate interface, though traces of inter-granular cracks were observed. When the pre-wetting time of the aggregate increased, the strength and the workability of the concrete increased too. The high workability of fresh concrete was attributed to the localised high water content at the surface of the pre-wetted aggregate. The surface pores of the aggregate shell absorbed the water built-up at the cement/aggregate transition phase thus resulting with lower water content at the transition zone. EDAX analysis confirmed migration of cement phase into the aggregate shell. This loss of fluidity at the transition zone may have a significant effect on the permeability of lightweight concrete.     

轻骨料含水率对混凝土吸水性及抗冻性的影响

通过浸水试验及水中快速冻融试验,探讨分析了轻骨料含水率对混凝土吸水性及抗冻性的影响.结果表明,如果轻骨料含水率减小,则混凝土坍落度的经时损失率加大,混凝土抗压强度增高,吸水性降低;轻骨料混凝土的抗冻性由轻骨料含水率控制.本试验范围内,要满足含气量为5.5%(体积分数)的轻骨料混凝土抗冻性要求,则轻骨料含水率应控制在14 %～17%(质量分数)以下,而且设计水灰比越大,轻骨料的含水率就越有必要降低.     

大流动性高强轻集料混凝土的研究

本文研究了在不掺矿物掺合料的情况下水灰比、水泥用量和砂率对大流动性轻集料混凝土性能的影响。试验结果表明,水灰比对轻集料混凝土的影响比水泥用量和砂率要大得多,水泥用量对轻集料混凝土强度的影响存在一个极限用量。通过合理选择水泥用量、水灰比、砂率、掺加适量的高效减水剂,得到工作性能良好的轻集料混凝土。     

轻骨料预湿时间、吸水率对自密实轻骨料混凝土性能的影响

本文以24h吸水率表征轻骨料吸水性,通过试验验证、模型分析及扫描电子显微镜,研究轻骨料预湿时间、吸水率对自密实轻骨料混凝土工作性和骨料界面过渡区的影响。结果表明制备自密实轻骨料混凝土时,宜选用24h吸水率小于10%的轻骨料,且轻骨料预湿时间不宜过短。轻骨料的多孔性和粗糙表面有利于改善轻骨料与水泥石的粘结性能。     

Study on microstructure and mechanical property of interfacial transition zone between limestone aggregate and Sialite paste

The hydrating products as well as the microstructure at the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between limestone aggregate and Sialite paste have been studied using XRD, SEM and EDAX methods. The inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP) has been employed to investigate the solution phenomena of limestone by three kinds of different liquids. This paper reports the bonding strength of ITZ and the durability of Sialite concrete including water penetrability, chloride penetration, carbonated depth and freeze–thaw durability. It was found that Ca(OH)₂ crystals were not observed in the Sialite hydrating products at 28 days and at the ITZ. The interfacial bonding strength of Sialite was significantly stronger than that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The presence of rock-forming liquid comprising a variety of minerals was also effective in improving the interfacial bonding strengths between limestone aggregates and Sialite paste.     

轻骨料-水泥石界面区微观结构特征

采用扫描电镜、X射线能谱分析、显微硬度等多种测试方法,测定了不同预饱水程度轻骨料一水泥石界面区水化产物的钙硅比、水泥石显微硬度以及孔结构等微观性能参数,研究了轻骨科预饱水程度对混凝土界面区结构与特征参数的影响,并与普通骨料混凝土进行了对比分析.结果表明,随着轻骨料预饱水程度的提高,界面区厚度从30μm增大至60 μm左右,距界面20μm范围内其显微硬度降低,而大于20μm处则相反,孔结构呈细化趋势,界面区得到增强,明显优于普通混凝土.     

掺废橡胶粉页岩陶粒混凝土的受压性能

用不同掺量的废橡胶粉取代页岩陶粒混凝土中的部分砂,配制成橡胶轻骨料混凝土(RLC),对RLC立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、弹性模量以及受压破坏形态进行研究,并结合微观结构就废橡胶粉对页岩陶粒混凝土受压性能的影响进行了讨论.结果表明,随着废橡胶粉掺量的增加,RLC的干密度、抗压强度和弹性模量均逐渐减小,破坏形态也与普通陶粒混凝土的脆性破坏形态截然不同,表现出明显的塑性破坏特征.研究还发现废橡胶粉有一定的引气作用,且废橡胶粉与水泥石界面结合较好.     

轻骨料混凝土耐磨性影响因素的研究

采用正交设计的方法,研究水灰比、骨料粒径和浆骨比这三种因素对轻骨料混凝土强度和耐磨性的影响规律。在此基础上,进一步研究了粉煤灰、含气量对轻骨料混凝土强度和耐磨性的影响。试验结果表明:水灰比是影响轻骨料混凝土强度的最主要因素,骨料粒径是影响耐磨性的最主要因素。粉煤灰掺量在10%~15%,轻骨料混凝土的后期(56d)强度和耐磨性明显提高。含气量大于4.4%时,轻骨料混凝土抗压强度明显下降;含气量大于3.3%后,耐磨性明显下降。     

公路隧道路面橡胶轻骨料混凝土的制备试验研究

通过正交试验,以混凝土28d抗压强度和弹性模量为试验指标,选取水灰比、橡胶粉掺量和聚灰比作为影响因素,主要研究公路隧道路面橡胶轻骨料混凝土的制备,对试验结果分别进行极差分析和方差分析.结果表明,极差分析和方差分析结果基本一致,要配制强度适合而弹性模量较低的橡胶轻骨料混凝土材料,应取较小的水灰比,较大的橡胶粉掺量,适量加入聚合物乳液改善混凝土的综合性能.