钢管混凝土叠合柱结构施工技术

钢管混凝土叠合柱由截面中部钢管混凝土和钢管外侧钢筋混凝土叠合而成,东海商务中心（一期）工程两栋超高层办公楼为叠合柱结构体系,采用钢管贯通、翅片连接、钢管钢筋3种连接方式及RC环梁节点,技术先进,旆工快捷,取得了较好社会和经济效益。     

混凝土透视仪在古建筑中的运用

喜利得PS1000混凝土透视仪可用于无损结构检测,探测钢筋混凝土结构和内部埋置物体,包括各类金属埋置物,如钢筋,预应力钢绞线,铜管,铝管,钢筋网,钢板,压型钢板等及各类非金属埋置物,如木材,空孔,塑料管道(水管),电缆等,并且定位深度可达30 cm,能高效评估和检查钢筋,钢筋网和检测物体内部的空心楼板,空腔。此次为检测古建筑北面墙体中是否有钢筋网及钢筋网方向、保护层厚度、锈蚀情况,采用喜利得PS1000混凝土透视仪进行无损检测,在达到检测目的同时又不损坏古建筑。     

钢管混凝土叠合柱在深圳某工程中的应用

钢管混凝土叠合柱是在钢管混凝土柱的截面中部设置钢管混凝土的一种叠合构件,已形成我国自主开拓的一种结构体系。本文介绍了圆形截面叠合柱在住宅公寓及办公楼中的应用,主要包括了叠合轴压比的计算、叠合柱与混凝土梁相接时的节点处理、叠合柱与钢梁相接时的节点处理等。     

Comparative study of structural material quantities of high‐rise residential buildings

A major factor in the selection of the structural system for a high‐rise building is the initial construction cost of candidate structural systems. In Korea, composite steel and concrete construction, and cast‐in‐place concrete flat plate construction are the most commonly used structural systems. However, there is a lack of data related to the relative construction costs of these two structure types. This paper compares material quantities for representative building models up to 80 stories in height using both types of structural system. Based on a typical floor plan, six models are developed and the buildings are designed for gravity and lateral loading. Quantities of materials for each model are calculated and compared. The information presented can be used with appropriate cost data to compare construction costs for the two structural system types. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

门式刚架轻型钢结构在大空间建筑中的应用研究

介绍了大空间结构可采用的另一种更经济合理的结构形式———门式刚架轻型钢结构 ,阐述了该结构形式的计算理论、设计方法和构造措施 ,并通过对涿州影视基地 2号摄影棚设计中的门式刚架轻型钢结构和网架 +混凝土围护结构两方案的比较分析表明 ,在大空间结构中 ,轻钢结构比钢筋混凝土结构更经济实用。     

建筑建造与运行能耗的对比分析

从建材含能和运输能耗出发,介绍了建造能耗的简化计算方法,并对目前我国住宅、普通办公建筑、大型办公建筑三类建筑建造能耗进行了案例分析。结果表明,三者的建造能耗平均水平分别约为3 850．5 500,7 300 MJ／m2,分别相当于各自8,13,9 a运行总能耗;钢材、水泥、混凝土、墙材为主要耗能用材。     

Optimal lateral stiffness design of tall buildings of mixed steel and concrete construction

This paper presents an optimal sizing technique for the lateral stiffness design of tall steel and concrete buildings. The minimum structure cost design problem subject to lateral drift constraints is first mathematically formulated and then solved by a rigorously derived Optimality Criteria (OC) method. The emphasis is particularly placed on the practical applicability of the optimization technique in engineering practice. Once the structural form of the lateral load resisting system of a building is defined, the optimal steel and concrete element sizes are then sought while satisfying all serviceability lateral stiffness and practical sizing requirements. The effectiveness and practicality of the optimization technique is illustrated through an actual application to the preliminary design of an 88‐storey building in Hong Kong. When complete, the building will be 420 m tall and will become the tallest building in Hong Kong. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

上海世博村甲级办公楼地下工程施工技术

上海世博村E地块甲级办公楼施工工期紧,施工条件受到邻近旧厂房的限制.在地下工程施工过程中采取合理的施工技术:打钻孔灌注桩前浇筑硬化地面,基坑围护采用SMW工法+坑内2道混凝土支撑,钢筋混凝土支撑采用爆破法拆除,土方开挖时采用轻型井点预降水与深井降水相配合的方案,并及时对水位、位移和沉降进行监测.经检测,施工对邻近旧厂房的影响在控制范围内,且施工措施保证了工程质量和施工进度.     

我国钢管混凝土结构技术的最新进展

对我国钢管混凝土结构技术的发展现状作了简要介绍。着重评述了在我国高层建筑（最高达７２层）、大跨度拱桥（最大跨度达４２０ｍ）和地铁车站等工程中应用钢管混凝土结构的成就。工程实践表明,钢管混凝土既是一种高强、高性能结构材料,也是一种高效施工技术。钢管混凝土技术与现代高强混凝土技术和泵灌混凝土技术三者的结合,将会对未来土木工程产生深远的影响。     

Life cycle energy assessment of a typical office building in Thailand

A typical office building in Thailand was analyzed using the life cycle energy analysis (LCEA) method to illustrate the argument. Results indicate that although life cycle energy (LCE) distribution is concentrated at the operating phase, the embodied energy of buildings is a non-negligible fraction of the LCE balance. Energy (electricity) used for lighting and HVAC systems in the operation phase and; the manufacture of concrete and steel were the most significant elements in the buildings life cycle. Application of a combination of energy saving measures, showed that 40-50% of energy (electricity) used in a typical office building in Thailand can be saved. Preliminary analysis indicated that recycling building materials can also contribute additional energy savings (about 8.9%) to a buildings LCE profile. Therefore reducing energy consumption should be a priority for not only the operation but also other life cycle phases. It is suggested that both embodied and operating energy should be accounted for within the context of energy efficiency through the incorporation of LCEA into the existing Thai building energy code.     

大型办公建筑照明及插座系统电耗逐时使用率聚类分析

逐时使用率对于预测办公建筑照明与插座系统电耗,以及核定节能改造的节能量有十分重要的意义。选取重庆17幢办公建筑作为研究对象,根据建筑全年逐时照明与插座系统的实测电耗数据,计算各建筑全年每个工作日24h的逐时使用率。利用聚类分析方法,根据日逐时使用率的不同,将办公建筑快速分为3类。根据是否经常加班以及午休时是否关闭部分用电设备,可以快速判断办公建筑属于哪一分类。最后对3类建筑分时段计算典型逐时使用率,便于实际应用中快速查询。     

国内钢结构节能住宅现状以及发展趋势

钢结构节能住宅符合我国国情,它适用多高层建筑,能有效节约土地资源,而且钢结构住宅易拆除,可回收,是一种环保建筑产品。经过几年的建设,我国已形成高层、多层、别墅、民居到公共建筑、工业建筑等较为完善的钢结构节能建筑,钢结构节能住宅在我国已经有了一定发展。系统介绍钢结构节能住宅特点,现有工程概况,技术特点以及存在的主要问题和发展趋势。     

Life-cycle carbon and cost analysis of energy efficiency measures in new commercial buildings

Energy efficiency in new building construction has become a key target to lower nation-wide energy use. The goals of this paper are to estimate life-cycle energy savings, carbon emission reduction, and cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency measures in new commercial buildings using an integrated design approach, and estimate the implications from a cost on energy-based carbon emissions. A total of 576 energy simulations are run for 12 prototypical buildings in 16 cities, with 3 building designs for each building-location combination. Simulated energy consumption and building cost databases are used to determine the life-cycle cost-effectiveness and carbon emissions of each design. The results show conventional energy efficiency technologies can be used to decrease energy use in new commercial buildings by 20-30% on average and up to over 40% for some building types and locations. These reductions can often be done at negative life-cycle costs because the improved efficiencies allow the installation of smaller, cheaper HVAC equipment. These improvements not only save money and energy, but reduce a building’s carbon footprint by 16% on average. A cost on carbon emissions from energy use increases the return on energy efficiency investments because energy is more expensive, making some cost-ineffective projects economically feasible.     

Development of New Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Exposure Metrics and their Relationship to “Sick Building Syndrome” Symptoms

Abstract Occupants of office buildings are exposed to low concentrations of complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that encompass a number of chemical classes and a broad range of irritancies. “Sick building syndrome” (SBS) is suspected to be related to these exposures. Using data from 22 office areas in 12 California buildings, seven VOC exposure metrics were developed and their ability to predict self-reported SBS irritant symptoms of office workers was tested. The VOC metrics were each evaluated in a multivariate logistic regression analysis model adjusted for other risk factors or confounders. Total VOCs and most of the other metrics were not statistically significant predictors of symptoms in crude or adjusted analyses. Two metrics were developed using principal components (PC) analysis on subsets of the 39 VOCs. The Irritancy/PC metric was the most statistically significant predictor of adjusted irritant symptoms. The irritant potencies of individual compounds, highly correlated nature of indoor VOC mixtures, and probable presence of potent, but unmeasured, VOCs were variously factored into this metric. These results, which for the first time show a link between low level VOC exposures from specific types of indoor sources to SBS symptoms, require confirmation using data sets from other buildings.     

民国某仿木构钢筋混凝土结构的加固设计

民国仿木构钢筋混凝土建筑是具有典型中国特色的建筑遗产,大多承载着重要历史文化信息,对其加固修缮应在符合文物保护原则的前提下合理进行结构性能和耐久性的提升。结合浙江某民国仿木构钢筋混凝土结构加固修缮实例,较全面地讨论了仿木构钢筋混凝土结构类型的民国建筑在加固设计中应考虑的若干关键问题,包括检测鉴定、计算分析、混凝土构件加固及墙体加固等,介绍一些有效的解决办法,如钢丝网聚合物砂浆抹面法加固混凝土柱和梁、钢筋网聚合物砂浆抹面法加固混凝土板等,能满足后续使用年限30年的要求,可供同类建筑物加固修缮参考。     

Stoffliche und konstruktionsbezogene Besonderheiten beim Einsatz von UHFB im Brückenbau am Beispiel von drei Pilotprojekten

Seit 1997 wurden weltweit ca. 30 Brücken aus UHFB (Ultrahochfester Beton) gebaut. Wegen der hohen Leistungsfähigkeit von UHFB, vor allem in Bezug auf seine Festigkeits‐ und Dauerhaftigkeitseigenschaften, ist er geradezu prädestiniert für Ingenieurbauwerke und damit auch für Brücken. Übliche Konstruktionsprinzipien des Betonbaus lassen sich jedoch nicht einfach auf den neuen Werkstoff übertragen. Die konsequente Einbeziehung der Eigenschaften und Besonderheiten des neuen Werkstoffes sowie die Berücksichtigung der Forderungen der Nachhaltigkeit führen zu filigranen, modularen und flexiblen Bauweisen, die sich ihrem Konstruktionsprinzip nach zwischen Beton‐ und Stahlkonstruktionen einordnen lassen. Bei Betrachtung der gesamten Lebenszykluskosten sind mit solchen Bauweisen wirtschaftliche Bauwerke mit eminentem Nutzen für die Volkswirtschaft möglich. Nach einer allgemeinen Betrachtung werden anhand der Erfahrungen bei Konstruktion, Bemessung und Ausführung von drei verschiedenen Pilotprojekten in Österreich die Besonderheiten und neuen Erkenntnisse beispielhaft erläutert. Special Features of Material and Structure in the Application of UHPC for Bridge Construction exemplified by three Pilot Projects Since 1997 nearly 30 bridges have been built worldwide using UHPC (Ultra High Performance Concrete). Due to the high performance of UHPC, especially owing to its strength and durability properties, this material is predestined for engineering structures and as a result also for bridges. Common design philosophies in concrete construction can not easily be adapted to this new material. The consistent incorporation of the properties and special features of this new material as well as the demands for sustainability lead to filigree, flexible and modular buildings. Therefore the design philosophy can be classified between concrete and steel constructions. Considering the complete life‐cycle costs, such constructions permit economical buildings with an eminent benefit for the national economy. After general consideration, the special properties and the new insights gained are exemplified based on experiences during construction, dimensioning and implementation of three different pilot projects in Austria.     

希望大厦顶层悬挑式钢结构新工艺的研究

大连希望大厦是大连市标志性建筑物 ,共 41层 (地上 38层 ) ,高 170 6m ,是集办公、商场、餐饮、停车场于一体的多功能大厦。在原设计中顶层悬挑部分为现浇混凝土结构 ,施工难度大 ,后改用钢结构。作者对此新工艺作了有意义的探索。     

Messung und Auswertung von Verbundträgerverformungen

Measurement and interpretation of the deflection behaviour of composite beams. Steel concrete composite beams are an economical alternative for wide spanned slender structures in parking lots, office and industrial buildings. To ensure an unrestricted usage of the building the expected deformations, vibrations and cracks are calculated during the analysis of the serviceability stage. In reality major differences between the calculations and the real deflections of beams in particular are observed. Therefore in [1] the deflection behaviour of composite beams was analysed and recommendations were developed to improve the calculation of the deformations. The deflection history was measured continuously during construction in four parking lots built with steel concrete composite beams. One result was that the fabrication of the beams at the manufacturing plant has an influence on the subsequent deflection behaviour of the beam.     

高层建筑下部柱的选型与轴压比

在高层和超高层钢筋混凝土建筑中,下部柱的内力很大,其轴力可以达到3000～4000kN甚至更高.在这种情况下,为减小柱子的截面,应视轴力的大小分别采用高强混凝土、约束混凝土、钢管混凝土和型钢混凝土或其复合柱.文中介绍了这些柱型的性能及在国内外的使用经验和轴压比限值,并给出了如何根据轴力大小进行选型的算例.     

Cost effect of earthquake region and soil type for office buildings in Turkey

In this study, the change in the load-bearing system cost of a reinforced concrete office building has been investigated in relation to the earthquake regions and soil types. Three different office projects each with five stories were investigated. The structural design calculations have been made according to four different soil types and four different earthquake regions. According to each combination, concrete, steel and formwork adopted approximations were calculated to reach the rough cost of each office building. The changes in the cost of projects according to the soil type and earthquake region were examined with multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance. In general, the change in cost has been observed around 22% between first and fourth soil type and 14% between first and fourth earthquake region.