Study on lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum binder

In this study a new type of lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum binder was prepared to improve the performances of lime–fly ash binder which was a typical semi-rigid road base material binder in China. The modified lime powder had much higher activity than ordinary quick lime or slaked lime powder, it was the best alkali activator to prepare lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum binder. The optimum formulation of this binder was consisted of 8–12% modified lime, 18–23% phosphogypsum and 65–74% fly ash. The parallel experiments shown that lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum binder had higher strength than ordinary lime, cement, and lime–fly ash stabilized soils road base materials, granular soils stabilized with this binder had higher later strength than that of lime–fly ash or cement stabilizing granular soil, it had higher early strength and steady strength development. The phosphogypsum hastened the pozzuolana reactions between the lime and fly ash, it reacted with lime and fly ash also, this reaction formed some AFt and the formation of AFt brought on a slight expansivity which could compensate the shrinkage of the binder. The pore structure of this binder was finer than that of the lime–fly ash, so the strength and performances of the road base material stabilized with lime–phosphogypsum–fly ash binder was much higher than those of the lime–fly ash road base material.     

复合方法改良膨胀土无侧限抗压强度试验研究

本文以改良膨胀土标准养护7 d的无侧限抗压强度为研究对象,分别在膨胀土中掺入水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、风化砂来进行单一方法改良,测试其无侧限抗压强度;在膨胀土中分别掺入水泥和风化砂、石灰和风化砂、粉煤灰和风化砂来进行复合方法改良,进行无侧限抗压强度试验。试验结果表明,在膨胀土中分别单一掺入水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、风化砂均能有效提高改良膨胀土的无侧限抗压强度,而且石灰、粉煤灰、风化砂的掺入量均有一个最佳值,使改良膨胀土的无侧限抗压强度达到最大值,从提高膨胀土无侧限抗压强度的角度来讲,单一方法改良的效果由好到差依次是水泥、石灰、风化砂、粉煤灰。而在膨胀土中分别掺入水泥和风化砂、石灰和风化砂、粉煤灰和风化砂来进行复合方法改良,无侧限抗压强度值均有了大幅度的提升,从提高无侧限抗压强度的角度来看,水泥和风化砂复合改良的效果要优于石灰和风化砂复合改良的效果,粉煤灰和风化砂复合改良的效果最差。通过复合改良方法与单一改良方法对比,可以发现,在相同条件下,复合改良方法的无侧限抗压强度值要比单一改良方法大得多,复合改良方法要大大优于单一改良方法。     

湿排粉煤灰固化强度试验研究

通过对海水湿排粉煤灰、水泥固化粉煤灰进行室内无侧限抗压强度试验和三轴压缩试验,以及对海水湿排固化粉煤灰材料强度形成机理分析,得到了水泥固化海水湿排粉煤灰基本力学性质及指标．通过设计试验对不同龄期、水泥固化剂掺量及养护条件影响因素进行分析,得到水泥固化海水湿排粉煤灰在不同条件下的强度变化规律．试验结果表明,水泥固化海水湿排粉煤灰具有良好的稳定性和耐久性,拌和固化混合料强度随龄期稳定增长,随水泥掺量增加强度提高．该试验研究对挡土结构、路基加固及地基处理等工程应用有重要的理论与实践研究价值．     

水泥加固酸污染土无侧限强度特征

污染土是利用水泥固化处理后,土体的强度得到提高。针对该项技术,采用水泥固化法处理酸污染土,通过两种试验方案,对水泥加固酸污染土的无侧限抗压强度特性进行研究。试验所用酸污染土用浓硫酸配置人工制备而成,并考虑了不同水泥掺量、不同硫酸浓度和不同龄期对水泥加固酸污染土强度的影响。试验表明:水泥固化酸污染土的强度与水泥掺量和硫酸含量有密切关系,二者共同作用决定其强度的变化。在一定硫酸浓度(2~16g/kg)条件下,伴随硫酸含量的升高,水泥掺量较低时,无侧限抗压强度整体呈明显下降的趋势;水泥掺量较高时,无侧限抗压强度呈缓慢上升的趋势。随着水泥掺量提高,土样的无侧限抗压强度达到峰值时所对应的硫酸含量也逐渐变大。     

Utilization of a very high lime fly ash for improvement of Izmir clay

This paper presents an investigation into the stabilization of a soft clay subgrade of a military zone in Izmir, Turkey with a very high lime fly ash. Zero%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (m/m) of the soil was replaced with fly ash. In addition to the control specimen, four different stabilized soil samples were prepared mixing fly ash with soil at optimum water contents determined by standard proctor test. Experiments lasted for 3 months and the unconfined compressive strength and shear strength parameters, cohesion and internal friction angle, were determined after 1, 7, 28 and 90 days. It was found that, inclusion of fly ash improved the properties of the soil. The improvements, appearing with increasing fly-ash content, were attributed to the pozzolanic reaction and pore refinement effect of fly ash as well as its high free-lime content.     

高掺量磷石膏稳定红黏土胀缩特性

为研究高掺量磷石膏稳定红黏土胀缩变形特性,改变以往磷石膏和水泥作为外掺固化剂改良土的研究思路,把磷石膏和红黏土作为主要原材料,以水泥含量5%,磷石膏和红黏土比例1∶1、1∶2、1∶3的配比制作试样,研究不同含水率、不同压实度下素红黏土和磷石膏稳定红黏土胀缩变形特性。结果表明：素红黏土绝对膨胀率在0～3 h线性增加,3 h后基本达到稳定;磷石膏稳定红黏土绝对膨胀率在0～3 h缓慢增加,变形量小于素红黏土,3 h后变形量持续增加,在2 d左右超过素红黏土,表现出更大的膨胀性,膨胀稳定时间为10 d左右;磷石膏水泥稳定红黏土混合料绝对膨胀率相较于素红黏土膨胀变形具有滞后作用,磷石膏和水泥的掺入可以有效降低混合料前期的膨胀变形,且同一含水率条件下,磷石膏掺量越低,绝对膨胀率越大;磷石膏稳定红黏土初始含水率越低,绝对膨胀率越大;磷石膏稳定红黏土和素红黏土线缩率随含水率、压实度的增大而增大;水平收缩率随含水率的增大而增大,随压实度的增大而减小;相同含水率和压实度下,磷石膏水泥稳定红黏土线缩率大于素红黏土,水平收缩率小于素红黏土;高掺量磷石膏稳定红黏土7 d龄期无侧限抗压强度能够满足规范对二级及以下...     

水泥粉煤灰稳定砂砾基层的粉煤灰掺量研究

通过大量试验,研究了不同粉煤灰掺量对水泥粉煤灰稳定砂砾基层材料7d,180d抗压强度和180d劈裂强度的影响,得出了水泥剂量为4％时,能够有效提高水泥粉煤灰稳定砂砾的粉煤灰掺量的结论。     

Unconfined compressive strength prediction of soils stabilized using artificial neural networks and support vector machines

This study aims to improve the unconfined compressive strength of soils using additives as well as by predicting the strength behavior of stabilized soils using two artificial-intelligence-based models. The soils used in this study are stabilized using various combinations of cement, lime, and rice husk ash. To predict the results of unconfined compressive strength tests conducted on soils, a comprehensive laboratory dataset comprising 137 soil specimens treated with different combinations of cement, lime, and rice husk ash is used. Two artificial-intelligence-based models including artificial neural networks and support vector machines are used comparatively to predict the strength characteristics of soils treated with cement, lime, and rice husk ash under different conditions. The suggested models predicted the unconfined compressive strength of soils accurately and can be introduced as reliable predictive models in geotechnical engineering. This study demonstrates the better performance of support vector machines in predicting the strength of the investigated soils compared with artificial neural networks. The type of kernel function used in support vector machine models contributed positively to the performance of the proposed models. Moreover, based on sensitivity analysis results, it is discovered that cement and lime contents impose more prominent effects on the unconfined compressive strength values of the investigated soils compared with the other parameters.     

Evaluating the compression index of fibrous peat treated with different binders

Fibrous peats feature high compressibility and correspondingly very low strength. In this study, an investigation into the compressibility of untreated and stabilized fibrous peat with different binders—namely cement, lime, gypsum, and fly ash—is presented. The technique adopted for sample preparation was aimed at simulating the in-situ condition of the deep soil mixing technique. For this purpose, the binder dosages were selected in the range of 100–400 kg/m³ of wet fibrous peat at its natural water content. This binder range was determined based on the unconfined compressive strength of the treated samples. All the treated samples were cured for 14, 28, and 90 days in both air and water. The consolidation behavior of the treated peat samples was assessed by performing a Rowe cell consolidation test. The test results revealed that the increase in cement, fly ash, and gypsum contents led to considerable decreases in compression indices of the treated fibrous peat. No significant changes in the compressibility properties of lime-treated peat were observed. In addition, the inclusion of well-graded sand as filler decreased the compression indices of the treated samples significantly. Finally, in comparison with air curing, the use of the water curing technique for all the stabilized samples, regardless of binder type, showed better performances.     

玻璃纤维水泥土强度及抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能试验研究

通过无侧限抗压强度试验,探究水泥、粉煤灰、玻璃纤维掺量、硫酸盐侵蚀对水泥土抗压强度的影响规律。研究发现:水泥掺量与水泥土抗压强度成正比关系。粉煤灰掺量适当时(不超过6%)可以提高水泥土抗压强度,粉煤灰对水泥土强度增长作用主要在于粉煤灰的微集料效应和活性效应。玻璃纤维掺量为0.2%时,水泥土抗压强度最高,玻璃纤维对水泥土强度的贡献主要在于玻璃纤维的加筋作用。受不同浓度Na2SO4溶液侵蚀作用后,随着侵蚀时间的延长,水泥土抗压强度均先提高后降低。     

粉煤灰炉渣加固土的室内无侧限抗压强度试验研究(英文)

给出了用粉煤灰、炉渣等工业废料加固土的室内无侧限抗压强度试验结果,分析了加固土无侧限抗压强度与外加剂掺量、养护龄期之间的影响规律,得出了针对不同工业废料加固土所用外加剂的最佳掺量。     

不同碱含量速凝剂的应用性能影响因素研究

通过测试水泥凝结时间、1d和28d砂浆抗压强度,对比SJ-1（无碱）和SJ-2（有碱）速凝剂在不同的水泥类型、粉煤灰掺量、速凝剂掺量、水胶比影响因素下的应用效果。结果表明,从凝结时间来看,SJ-2型速凝剂对不同类型水泥的适应性更好;随粉煤灰掺量增大,水泥初终凝时间先减后增,各龄期抗压强度降低,且使用SJ-1、SJ-2速凝剂时粉煤灰掺量分别不得大于15%、10%;随速凝剂掺量增大,水泥初终凝时间不断降低,且掺入SJ-2速凝剂的各项性能均满足标准要求;随水胶比增大,水泥凝结时间逐渐增大,各龄期抗压强度先增后减,SJ-1、SJ-2速凝剂的最佳水胶比分别为0.4、0.35。     

Mechanical properties and stabilizing mechanism of stabilized saline soils with four stabilizers

Saline soil used in embankment construction causes dissolution falling and salt swelling, which results in embankment cracking. Therefore, saline soils should be stabilized in engineering. The unconfined compressive strength test, triaxial compressive test, splitting tensile test, and fatigue test were conducted on six types of stabilized soils. Subsequently, scanning electron microscopy test, X-ray diffraction test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test, and thermogravimetric analysis were performed to discover the stabilizing mechanism. Test results indicated that the mechanical properties of saline soil were improved by adding lime, cement, fly ash, and SH agent (SH). In particular, after soaking, the strength of the stabilized soil with SH was significantly enhanced, the deviatoric stress-strain curves transformed from strain softening to strain hardening, and the tensile property and fatigue resistance were improved as well. The SH generated a film and silk-like web, wrapped the soil particles, and filled the soil pores, which improved the strength and anti-deformation abilities of the stabilized soils.

     

水泥粉煤灰稳定碎石钢渣混合料作为基层配合比的研究

本文以钢渣为原料,通过室内试验对水泥粉煤灰稳定碎石钢渣作为高等级公路路面基层的性能进行了分析,得到不同配比下水泥粉煤灰稳定碎石钢渣混合料的最大密度和最佳含水量,以及7d无侧限抗压强度,为水泥粉煤灰稳定碎石钢渣用于高等级公路基层提供了技术依据。     

掺粉煤灰PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的试验研究

研究了粉煤灰掺量对PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料(ECC)的新拌性能、弯曲性能、抗压抗折强度、开裂模式及微观结构的影响.结果表明:随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,水泥净浆的屈服剪切应力和塑性黏度不断降低,ECC的流动度增加.ECC的初始开裂荷载降低、抗折和抗压强度逐渐降低,ECC的跨中挠度提高,ECC的平均裂缝宽度变小.在满足抗压强度的前提下,适当增加粉煤灰掺量有助于提高ECC的韧性和延性.     

粉煤灰影响海水海洋骨料水泥基材料抗压强度试验研究

通过试验测定不同粉煤灰掺量下的海水水泥净浆、海水海砂砂浆以及海水海洋骨料混凝土的抗压强度,研究粉煤灰掺量对海水海洋骨料水泥基材料抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明,随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,海水水泥净浆和海水海砂砂浆的抗压强度逐渐降低,海水海洋骨料混凝土抗压强度表现为先增大后减小。粉煤灰掺量对海水海洋骨料水泥基材料抗压强度的影响规律与粉煤灰掺量对淡水河砂水泥基材料抗压强度的影响规律基本一致,但影响程度略小于淡水河砂水泥基材料。     

石灰粉煤灰稳定黄土的无侧限抗压强度研究

以石灰粉煤灰稳定黄土为对象,通过标准击实试验、无侧限抗压强度试验,研究养护龄期和石灰粉煤灰掺量对稳定黄土最佳含水率、最大干密度及无侧限抗压强度的影响。结果表明,随石灰粉煤灰掺量的增加,稳定黄土最佳含水率增大,最大干密度减小;石灰粉煤灰掺量一定时,随粉煤灰掺量的增加,最大干密度增大,最佳含水率减小;无侧限抗压强度随养护龄期的增长、石灰粉煤灰掺量的增加而增大。通过对试验数据的拟合回归,建立了稳定黄土无侧限抗压强度与孔隙率、粉煤灰与石灰的比值（F/L）及石灰粉煤灰总体积掺量的关系。     

水泥含量对固化土结构形成的影响研究

以粉砂土为研究对象,对水泥土抗压强度与水泥含量关系进行了试验研究,推导了水泥土结构形成过程中水泥浆包裹土颗粒和填充孔隙所分别对应水泥量的理论计算公式。在此基础上,对水泥含量不同时,水泥在固化土结构形成过程中所起不同作用及其与水泥土抗压强度增长规律相互关系进行了分析,提出固化土结构形成由固化剂胶结土颗粒与填充孔隙两部分构成。     

Parameters Controlling Strength of Industrial Waste-Lime Amended Soil

Unconfined compression tests and suction measurements were carried out in the present work on sandy specimens with distinct Class F fly ash amounts, lime contents, porosities and curing periods to assess key parameters controlling strength of fly ash-lime amended soil. A special effort has been allocated in order to develop a dosage methodology for fly ash-lime improved soils based in a rational criterion, as it exists in the concrete technology where the water/cement ratio plays a fundamental role in the assessment of the target strength. The results show that the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increased linearly with the amount of lime for soil-fly ash-lime mixtures at all curing time periods studied. A power function fits better the relation UCS-porosity for soil-fly ash-lime mixtures. The bigger the amount of fly ash and the curing time, the larger the UCS for any given porosity and lime content. Finally, the porosity/volumetric lime content ratio, in which volumetric lime content is adjusted by a coefficient (in this case a unique value-0.12-was found for all soil-fly ash-lime mixtures and all curing periods studied) to end in single correlations for each curing period, show to be a good parameter in the evaluation of the unconfined compressive strength of the soil studied (UCS varies non-linearly with the porosity/volumetric lime content ratio in the case of fly ash-lime addition).     

复合固化剂固化某淤泥质土的试验研究

为了改善青弋江分洪道工程淤泥质土地基的物理力学性能,选用普通硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰、水玻璃以及木质素磺酸钠组成的水泥基复合固化剂,以青弋江芜湖段典型淤泥质土样作为试验土样,进行了室内固化试验研究,分析了固化剂掺量、淤泥质土初始含水率以及养护龄期的改变对固化土无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度参数的影响关系。研究结果表明:对于提高青弋江淤泥质土强度,试验所用固化剂作用效果明显,90d龄期养护条件下,掺入复合固化剂处理的固化淤泥质土无侧限抗压强度最高为单掺水泥条件下固化土无侧限抗压强度的4.2倍,同时前者抗剪强度也明显大于后者;固化土无侧限抗压强度随固化剂掺量增加而提高,但增长速率逐渐减缓,同时还随着养护龄期的增加而提高,两者呈明显的对数关系。