轻质GRC配方及应用性能的研究

通过低碱度硫铝酸盐水泥和耐碱玻璃纤维，配合轻质材料（膨胀珍珠岩、聚苯乙烯、膨胀蛭石）研制成轻质GRC材料，对GRC材料的密度、力学性能（抗拉强度、抗弯强度）以及导热性能进行测试分析，发现在合适的抗碱纤维配比，水配比，水灰比，轻质材料配比的情况下，其性能最好，达到密度为0．85g/cm^3，抗弯强度21．5MPa，抗拉强度7．47MPa，导热系数0．358W／m．K。该材料具有轻质、阻燃、隔热、保温、耐用等优越性能。     

Steady state theoretical model of fired clay hollow bricks for enhanced external wall thermal insulation

This paper proposes a theoretical model to study the steady state thermal behavior of fired clay hollow bricks for enhanced external wall thermal insulation. The study aims at the development of new materials and structural components with good thermal material properties, with respect to energy saving and ecological design. Thermal insulation capacity of two external walls of different thicknesses, constructed of locally produced bricks, is studied. The basic brick units used for the investigation are small-size bricks with eight equal cavities or recesses and big-size bricks with twelve equal recesses. Their recesses configuration has been varied to perform the assessment. The insulation materials injected within brick recesses during the assessment are granulated cork and expanded polystyrene. The improvement in the thermal performance of the walls will be the result of optimization among the various factors such as brick cavity configurations, integration of insulation within brick recesses and the cavity surface emissivities. So emphasis is given to the study of the impact of these factors singly or in combination on the overall thermal resistance of walls in order to find out the best design solutions to maximize their thermal insulation capacity. Computer modeling and calculations performed, for steady state conditions, show that the increase in hollow brick cavity height contributes to the improvement of the overall thermal resistance of the order of 18–20%. The improvement could significantly increase to the range of 88.64% and 93.33%, if the bricks used are injected with the insulating material. If the cavity surface emissivities are lowered to 0.3, the improvement will be 72.73–78.33%. The results have also shown that replacing the cork by expanded polystyrene (EPS), having lower thermal conductivity, would not improve significantly the overall thermal resistance. This improvement is 9.08% for a wall of small-size bricks having configuration BS2CV and 8.34% for a wall of big-size bricks having configuration BB3CV.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of a hollow brick filled with perlite insulation

The present study is focused on the investigation of the effective thermal properties of a modern vertically perforated masonry unit filled with perlite insulation. Based on measurements and numerical calculations, the thermal performance of the new hollow brick was determined. The authors suggest to use the following parameters for this building material: equivalent heat capacity equal to 855.1 J/kg K, equivalent heat conductivity equal to 0.09 W/mK and equivalent density equal to 653.15 kg/m³. The dependence of the equivalent thermal resistance of the whole wall made of this brick and mortar, is shown for different mortar joint thicknesses. All results, presented in this paper, can be used in energy balance calculations for buildings made of masonry unit.     

我国建筑节能的发展

在我国,三步节能是建筑节能的目标。第一步节能约30％,第二步总节能约50％。第三步总节能约65％。第一步节能采用粘土空心砖墙体、加气混凝土墙体、内保温技术;第二步节能采用膨胀聚苯乙烯板加薄层抹灰并用玻璃纤维加强,以挤塑聚苯乙烯做外保温材料,以单面钢丝网架聚苯板做外墙外保温,或将保温膏料用于外墙外保温;第三步节能可将保温材料加厚,发展其他新型材料和保温材料,控制传热系数,采用聚氨酯硬泡喷涂外墙保温等,建筑遮阳隔热、建筑环境绿化降温、太阳能和地热利用等技术也是我国建筑三步节能应进一步研究、开发的方向和领域。     

河道淤泥烧结多孔砖的性能研究

研究了上海金山区河道淤泥的材料特性、干燥处理工艺,工业化生产出100%河道淤泥替代黏土原材料的烧结多孔砖,并系统研究了河道淤泥烧结多孔砖的外观性能、物理力学性能及环境安全性。研究表明,河道淤泥属于以SiO2为主的黏土质材料。采用合理的混合料配合比与生产工艺可制备出强度等级达到MU20以上的100%河道淤泥烧结多孔砖,其各项技术性能指标均达到或超过相应的国家标准规定要求。     

骨料颗粒级配对膨胀珍珠岩保温板性能的影响

膨胀珍珠岩颗粒级配对膨胀珍珠岩保温板力学性能和保温性能的影响研究结果表明,膨胀珍珠岩颗粒单粒径成分,双粒径组合及3种粒径组合均在满足力学性能的基础上较大地改善了保温板的保温性能。最佳级配是双粒径组合中粒径1.18～2.36mm与细粉以质量比7:1组合。合理的骨料颗粒级配能有效提高保温板的抗压强度,并改善保温性能。     

新疆高寒地区改性生土坯墙体材料的试验研究

本文通过对新疆4种地产粘土类材料进行试验,测试在不同含水率情况下,其抗压强度、抗折强度、导热系数的变化规律,得到一种强度高、保温隔热能力较强的生土坯类墙体材料。     

黑液粉煤灰烧结砖的研制

本文以粉煤灰为主要原料、少量粘土为粘结剂、改性黑液为成型剂进行了烧结砖研制。讨论了粉煤灰与黑液用量对烧结砖性能的影响 ,并通过正交试验求出最佳配比与工艺参数。试验结果表明 ,这种烧结砖可达到GB50 10— 85标准中MU15级的要求 ,且比普通粘土烧结砖质量轻、保温性能好。     

外墙保温材料导热系数的试验研究

针对常用的XPS聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料、EPS聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料,以及水泥基复合保温砂浆和建筑垃圾为骨料的硅酸盐保温节能材料,试验研究材料的保温性能,得出不同保温材料密度与导热系数的关系。研究结果表明,XPS聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料、EPS聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温材料的表观密度和导热系数之间没有表现出特定的关系。水泥基复合保温砂浆和建筑垃圾为骨料的硅酸盐保温节能材料的导热系数随着密度的增大线性增加,大孔径材料比小孔径材料导热系数要大。通过研究,可以对建筑垃圾为骨料的硅酸盐保温节能材料配方及工艺的进一步改良提供理论依据和指导。     

草砖房在北方农村地区适宜性研究

选择适宜的墙体材料可有效地降低房屋在使用过程中的能耗,以在建的草砖作为墙体填充材料的房屋为研究对象,通过对建筑室内外温湿度、墙体表面温度的测试分析及其全年采暖能耗模拟分析,对比在其他同等条件下使用普通黏土砖和草砖的能耗情况,结果表明,草砖具有良好的隔热性能,并有一定的湿度调节作用,且其保温特性优异,在大同地区较之于黏土砖节能61.69%。此外,还对比了不同地区草砖房较之于普通黏土砖建筑的能耗状况,结果显示,哈尔滨、大同、西安地区草砖房的节能率分别为56.59%、61.96%、65.55%。据此提出草砖墙体材料应用于严寒、寒冷地区的农村住宅,其节能效果明显,具有普遍的适应性。     

加气混凝土节能应用发展现状综述

在我国,建材生产能耗、建筑物建造使用过程中能耗比例约占社会总能耗的46.7%;目前,国内大多数建筑墙体的传热系数较高,而且很容易吸收太阳能辐射;外墙内保温存在冷(热)桥问题;再者我国限制生产、使用黏土实心砖的力度逐渐加大。以砂加气混凝土砌块为主要替代产品的新型墙体节能材料得到了迅速的发展,且具有广阔的市场发展空间。对加气混凝土所具有的良好保温隔热性能、应用发展现状以及加气混凝土节能发展前景做出综述,对节能加气混凝土的进一步发展和推广提供一些有益的参考。     

Strength and thermal conductivity in lightweight building materials

Pumice can be used in bricks and concrete to produce lightweight building materials with high porosity, high thermal insulation and resistance to earthquake motion. The paper presents ongoing research to design a structural lightweight concrete and brick using Nevşehir pumice. The testing of four different brick types is reported. The density, thermal conductivity, compressive and tensile strengths and Young’s elastic modulus indicated that these lightweight materials had significant advantages as a construction material in earthquake-prone areas.      

Study of the geometry of a voided clay brick using non-rectangular perforations to optimise its thermal properties

This study seeks to improve the geometrical distribution of bricks to optimise the equivalent thermal transmittance of a wall built of Termoarcilla^® ECO 29 voided clay bricks, using calculations according to Spanish UNE [1], AENOR [10], European EN [6], [7], [8] and [9] and international ISO [11] and [12] standards.The objective is to study improvements in the wall's thermal conductivity, always remembering the limitations imposed by the manufacturing process. Simulations are made using a finite elements application [14].It is concluded that, within the possibilities allowed by the manufacturing process, with non-rectangular voids the heat flux has to cross a higher number of voids, which improves its thermal properties. A rhomboid layout of voids with the longer diagonal at right angles to the heat flux is the best internal void layout. If the internal perforations are also extended to the end of the tongue and groove, the direct thermal bridge in this type of brick is broken.Finally, a 290 mm wide brick with 25 rows is obtained with the geometrical properties described above which shows an improvement of almost 16% over the original ECO 29 brick, performing well in all climatic areas of Spain, with a full-bed mortar joint 30 mm thick.     

单一浆料类外墙外保温做法在节能65%标准下受到限制的原因及对策分析

"浆料类外墙外保温"和"膨胀珍珠岩、蛭石类屋面保温"做法在节能65%标准下受到了一定的限制,甚至在某些地区被禁止使用,通过对我国建筑能耗和节能标准、保温材料性能和施土方法等方面的分析,找出这种做法受限制的原因,并通过工程实例提出了其下一步的发展方向.     

Utilization of kraft pulp production residues in clay brick production

The main objective of this study is to investigate the utilization potential of kraft pulp production residues in clay brick. Kraft pulp production is the primary phase of the paper industry. Long cellulose fibers are produced from wood, straw and reeds in kraft pulp production. Short cellulose fibers are separated as an organic waste material from the production system. This type of residue is only utilized in agricultural purpose or in the production of moulded egg cartons. Kraft pulp production plant of Seka Company (located at Afyon-Çay/Turkey), which has 50,000 tpy dried pulp production capacity, generates important amount of organic wastes. Location of the plant is very close to brick manufacturing facilities and this is the main encouraging reason for the investigation study.One way of the increasing the insulation capacity of the brick is generating porosity in clay body. Combustible organic types of pore forming additives are most frequently used for this purpose. Due to the organic nature of pulp residue, pore-forming ability in clay body was investigated. For this purpose, increasing amount of residue (0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10 wt%) was mixed with raw brick-clay. All samples were fired at 900 °C. Effect on shaping, plasticity, density and mechanical properties were investigated. 2.5 to 5% residue additions were found to be effective for the pore forming in clay body with acceptable mechanical properties. It was observed that, fibrous nature of residue does not create any extrusion problem but increase in residue addition increased the water content for the plasticity. As a conclusion, kraft pulp residues can be utilized in brick-clay as an organic pore-forming agent and by this way it can be utilized in environmentally safe way.     

Engineering characteristics of the compressed-stabilized earth brick

Utilization of lime and rice husk ash for soil stabilization produced considerable strength gain and other geotechnical properties of the stabilized soils. Its application could be also superior for construction materials as compressed-stabilized earth (CSE) or unfired-brick. This paper presents the investigation result of the application of lime and rice husk for unfired brick or compressed stabilized earth. The compressive and three-point flexural strength tests including compressive strength after water submersion were carried out in this present study. The investigation results show that compressive and flexural strength of clay brick are improved by adding of lime and RHA. The best quantity of lime and RHA in this study, is obtained by ratio 1:1 of lime and RHA. The addition of sand in stabilized clay resulted in more improvement in the water retention ability.     

GPES硬质泡沫复合塑料保温板性能研究

通过采用多种高分子聚合物,掺加改性纳米石墨颗粒进行混炼,高压注入超临界CO_2流体,研发出一种新型的GPES硬质泡沫复合塑料保温板。与传统保温材料相比,该保温板的气泡圆度更高、泡壁更薄。重复性和再现性试验表明,其熔结性、尺寸稳定性、强度等物理性能指标均显著优于传统有机保温材料,尤其导热系数低且稳定,能够显著降低墙体保温层厚度,是节能75%及更高节能标准要求的首选保温材料之一。     

复合节能砌块的性能与应用

文章介绍了复合节能砌块的构造与物理力学性能， 对这样砌块墙体的温、湿度颁布和保温层增湿量进行了分析；通过框架填充墙平均传热系数计算表明，严寒地区的节能建筑必须注意加强周边热桥部位的保温性能。     

石蜡/膨胀珍珠岩复合相变储能材料的研究

以膨胀珍珠岩为吸附材料,石蜡为相变储能材料,制备了石蜡/膨胀珍珠岩复合相变储能材料;运用扩散-渗出圈法确定了膨胀珍珠岩的最佳吸附量为65%（质量分数,下同）;采用DSC及SEM对最佳吸附量的石蜡/膨胀珍珠岩复合相变储能材料的相转变过程及微观结构进行研究。结果表明：膨胀珍珠岩的内部孔隙基本被石蜡完全填充,其自身成为了密实颗粒;复合相变储能材料的相变温度与石蜡的相变温度基本一致,其相变潜热与对应质量分数下石蜡的相变潜热相当。     

Effect of silica fume and expanded perlite addition on the technical properties of the fly ash–lime–gypsum mixture

The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of different type of pozzolan additions to cement free lightweight block made from fly ash–lime–gypsum mixture and observe the changes in physical, mechanical, thermal properties and microstructure. Thermal conductivity of the fly ash–lime–gypsum mixture was improved by the addition of the expanded perlite. Optimal strength-thermal conductivity combination was obtained by the usage of silica fume and expanded perlite together. Improved strength properties were obtained by using hydrothermal curing conditions and superplasticizer addition.