应用两步接枝法制备新型改性聚丙烯滤嘴材料

为了解决烟用聚丙烯(PP)滤嘴材料对烟气吸附性能差、降焦性能低等问题,采用等离子体辐射引发的方法,在烟用聚丙烯纤维基体上分两步接枝丙烯酸(AA)和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)单体,制备了聚丙烯高吸附滤嘴。讨论了单体浓度、辐照时间、阻聚剂浓度对聚丙烯纤维接枝率的影响。利用衰减全反射红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对接枝后的聚丙烯纤维基体的表面化学组成和形貌结构进行表征,结果表明,AMPS单体被成功接枝到PP纤维上。当改性后聚丙烯纤维的接枝率为22.8%时,改性后聚丙烯纤维滤嘴对烟气的过滤效果比改性前明显提高,烟气中的总粒相物比未改性滤嘴降低了30.5%,焦油及烟碱含量分别降低43.2%和31.7%。     

聚丙烯接枝丙烯酸丁酯吸油纤维的制备和表征

采用紫外辐射引发的方法,在主要利用毛细管力作用吸油的聚丙烯纤维上接枝聚丙烯酸丁酯,制备了高吸油纤维.研究了影响聚丙烯纤维接枝率的因素,如辐照时间、单体浓度、光敏剂浓度等.用衰减全反射傅立叶红外光谱对接枝前后的纤维进行了表征,结果表明丙烯酸丁酯被成功接枝到PP纤维上.随着接枝率的增大,吸油纤维对柴油的吸附量先增大后减小....     

废聚丙烯/滑石粉/三单体固相接枝共聚物复合体系的性能

采用固相接枝法,合成了聚丙烯(PP)与三种单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、马来酸酐(MAH)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)的接枝共聚物PP-g-MMA/MAH/BA,将该接枝物应用于废聚丙烯(PP)/滑石粉填充体系,研究接枝物对体系的力学性能、微观形态、热性能等的影响。结果表明,在废PP中加入滑石粉进行填充改性,在一定用量的三单体接枝物作用下,废PP的力学性能及热性能有所改善。     

纤维表面处理与基体改性对连续玻纤增强聚丙烯力学性能的影响

考察了连续玻纤的表面处理、基体的接枝改性及接枝单体的种类和接枝产物的加入量对连续玻纤毡增强聚丙烯(CGFRPP) 力学性能的影响, 并通过红外光谱、扫描电镜对CGFRPP 的界面化学作用及界面粘结进行了研究。结果表明, 马来酸酐接枝改性聚丙烯与未经偶联剂处理的玻纤不能形成有效的化学结合, 而与经硅烷偶联剂表面处理的玻纤可发生明显的化学作用, 形成良好粘结, 显著提高CGFRPP 的力学性能; 硅烷偶联剂的种类对以改性PP 为基体的CGFRPP 力学性能的影响不大; 马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯比丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯对CGFRPP 力学性能的改善更为有效。      

马来酸酐/N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮双单体接枝聚丙烯的制备及对聚丙烯微孔膜的亲水改性EI北大核心CSCD

以马来酸酐(MAH)为功能单体,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)为共聚单体,采用熔融接枝法制备两亲性改性剂PP-g-(MAH-co-NVP),并通过热致相分离法制备聚丙烯(PP)亲水微孔膜。通过红外光谱仪和元素分析仪表征了PP-g-(MAHco-NVP)的化学结构和接枝率,使用差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪表征了PP-g-(MAH-co-NVP)的结晶性能。利用接触角、热失重分析、扫描电子显微镜和孔隙率测试对改性前后的PP膜进行研究。结果显示,亲水支链成功接枝到PP大分子链上,相比于MAH作为唯一的接枝单体,NVP的加入使MAH的接枝率增加了270%;且NVP的加入促进了PP分子链的结晶。改性PP微孔膜的热稳定性能提高,膜孔数增多,孔隙率增加了2. 8%。并且改性PP微孔膜的亲水性也得到改善,接触角下降了28. 5%。     

马来酸酐/N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮双单体接枝聚丙烯的制备及对聚丙烯微孔膜的亲水改性

以马来酸酐(MAH)为功能单体,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)为共聚单体,采用熔融接枝法制备两亲性改性剂PP-g-(MAH-co-NVP),并通过热致相分离法制备聚丙烯(PP)亲水微孔膜。通过红外光谱仪和元素分析仪表征了PP-g-(MAHco-NVP)的化学结构和接枝率,使用差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪表征了PP-g-(MAH-co-NVP)的结晶性能。利用接触角、热失重分析、扫描电子显微镜和孔隙率测试对改性前后的PP膜进行研究。结果显示,亲水支链成功接枝到PP大分子链上,相比于MAH作为唯一的接枝单体,NVP的加入使MAH的接枝率增加了270%;且NVP的加入促进了PP分子链的结晶。改性PP微孔膜的热稳定性能提高,膜孔数增多,孔隙率增加了2. 8%。并且改性PP微孔膜的亲水性也得到改善,接触角下降了28. 5%。     

紫外光接枝改性聚丙烯薄膜的研究

以二苯甲酮为光敏剂,通过紫外光辐照引发,将亲水性单体丙烯酸(AA)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)接枝在聚丙烯薄膜表面。考察了光敏剂浓度、辐照时间以及溶剂类型对接枝率的影响。利用衰减全反射红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对接枝薄膜的表面化学组成和形貌结构进行表征,通过水接触角和吸水率研究了接枝后薄膜的亲水性。结果表明,在相同条件下,AA的接枝率高于MAA;相比于有机溶剂,在水溶剂中AA的接枝率明显提高;当接枝率达到11.8%时,薄膜表面水接触角由原膜的95°降低到35°,亲水性显著提高。     

一种含亚胺基的螯合型吸附剂的制备及对钯离子的吸附

为制备一种能螯合钯离子的新型含亚胺基团的吸附剂,首先对聚丙烯无纺布(PP)进行预辐照接枝丙烯腈(AN),然后进一步和二乙烯三胺(EDTA)反应。结果表明,胺化反应时间越长,腈基基团转化为亚胺基团的转化率越高。当温度高于120℃,有一部分聚丙烯溶解于胺化试剂中。考察了吸附时间和钯离子初始浓度对吸附量的影响。结果表明,制备的螯合型吸附剂对钯离子的吸附性能良好。对接枝后和胺化后的样品用红外光谱仪和差示扫描量热仪进行了表征。     

光敏剂对PSF和PP中空纤维膜接枝反应的影响

采用间歇式紫外辐照法,以聚砜(PSF)和聚丙烯(PP)中空纤维膜为探针,以丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)为单体,研究光敏剂对膜表面紫外接枝反应的影响。结果表明,光敏剂存在与否对膜表面结构有较大影响。无光敏剂时,PSF中空纤维膜表面虽有亲水性单体成功接枝,但PSF膜基体结构受到损伤,表面孔结构增大,改性膜的截留率降低;存在光敏剂时,PSF和PP中空纤维膜表面均有单体成功接枝,膜表面结构得到调控,改善了膜的亲水性和抗污染性,为亲水性膜的表面结构设计提供了一定的理论基础,对新型亲水膜的制备具有指导意义。     

聚丙烯纤维化学接枝改性增强水泥基复合材料的界面结合

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,采用二步化学接枝法对聚丙烯纤维进行接枝丙烯酸改性,利用正交分析法研究了引发温度、BPO浓度、接枝温度、接枝时间及丙烯酸(AA)浓度对纤维接枝率的影响,并评价了改性前后纤维与水泥基体的界面结合性能.结果表明:上述因素对纤维接枝率的影响大小为引发温度＞ BPO浓度＞接枝时间＞接枝温度＞AA浓度,最佳反应条件为引发温度90℃,BPO 4.50×10-2 mol/L,接枝时间60 min,接枝温度75℃,AA 1.4 mol/L,此时纤维接枝率达13.12％;经化学接枝改性后,聚丙烯纤维表面亲水性和粗糙度增大,与水泥基体的界面结合得到增强,纤维掺量为0.05％(体积分数)时,聚丙烯纤维增强水泥砂浆的抗开裂性能比增大了26.6％,抗塑性收缩开裂性能显著增强.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.