聚醚P123和四乙烯五胺双功能化Fe-Zr的CO2吸附性能

利用聚醚P123对双金属材料Fe-Zr进行改性合成介孔材料Fe-Zr(P),再利用四乙烯五胺(TETA)对Fe-Zr(P)进行功能化制得TEPA(n)/Fe-Zr(P).采用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱、N2吸附-脱附、热重分析等技术对材料结构和热稳定性进行表征,并对CO2吸附性能进行测试.结果表明:P123存在于载体孔道内部;利用TETA对Fe-Zr(P)进行功能化,通过N与Zr配位,从而固载于Fe-Zr(P)表面;温度低于182℃时,TEPA(n)/Fe-Zr(P)保持稳定;TEPA(n)/Fe-Zr(P)中羟基和氨基同时与CO2反应,产生化学吸附,从而提高化学吸附量和N利用率;TEPA质量分数为30％,温度为75℃,气体流速为10 mL/min时,TEPA(30)/Fe-Zr(P)的吸附量可达211.3 mg/g,N利用率为62.7％.循环20次,CO2吸附量保持稳定.     

含胺基骨架多孔聚合物的合成及储氢性能研究

以三聚氰胺和对苯二甲醛为原料,通过溶剂热法制备出含胺基骨架多孔聚合物(AFPP),利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、微孔分析仪和储氢分析仪等现代分析手段对其结构和性能进行表征。结果表明:AFPP的主体骨架链接结构为缩醛胺结构(—N—CR1R2—N—);当三聚氰胺和对苯二甲醛摩尔比为2∶3时,合成的AFPP-2比表面积为389.82m2/g,且具有微孔-中孔-大孔的层次结构;储氢性能分析显示AFPP-2在298K、4.72MPa条件下,氢气吸附量达到9.02%(质量分数)。     

TEPA-AM修饰的介孔材料吸附CO2性能的研究

将丙烯酰胺(AM)改性的四乙烯五胺(TE-PA)负载到介孔材料孔道内,形成氨基改性的CO2吸附材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气物理吸附-脱附(BET)、红外等方法对样品进行了表征。通过动态吸附法研究了材料的CO2吸附和脱附性能,并与TEPA负载的吸附材料进行了比较。研究结果表明,在制备介孔分子筛MCM-41的过程中得到的一种结构规整度低的材料对TEPA-AM具有较好的分散性能,经过TE-PA-AM修饰的该材料表现出良好的CO2吸附性能,当TEPA-AM负载量达60%,该材料的吸附能力达到159.1mg/g;经过12次循环使用吸附量不下降。     

K_2CO_3活化法制备芋叶柄基活性炭的研究

以废弃的芋叶柄为原料,K2CO3为活化剂,制备芋叶柄基活性炭,考察炭化和活化工艺条件对活性炭吸附性能的影响,采用等温氮吸脱附测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品材料进行了测试。结果表明:若以碘吸附值作为评价指标,最佳工艺条件为K2CO3浓度200g/L、活化温度850℃、活化时间35min,碘值为1930.4mg/g,BET比表面积为633.215m2/g,孔容为0.194cm3/g,孔径为18.45nm。以亚甲基蓝吸附值作为评价指标,最佳工艺条件为K2CO3浓度175g/L、活化温度875℃、活化时间35min,亚甲基蓝吸附值为298.8mg/g,BET比表面积为604.708m2/g,孔容为0.076cm3/g,孔径为18.533nm。     

多胺基CO_2吸附材料的制备

用纳米级SiO2负载胺化合物,制备CO2捕捉材料。测定了不同原料比例下该材料的吸水率,在饱和水蒸汽和干燥条件下对CO2的吸附量,以及它作为CO2气体吸附材料的重复使用和再生性能。研究结果表明,在饱和水蒸汽环境中,该吸附材料对CO2的吸附量远比干燥环境中的吸附量大的多,其中多胺基聚合物与SiO2比为20∶1时对CO2吸附量最大,可达到17mg/g。该吸附材料具有良好的重复使用及再生性能,经再生使用后,吸附量变化不大。     

Cu~(2+)-IIP印迹材料的制备及性能研究

以Cu2+为模板,环氧氯丙烷(ECH)为交联剂,羧基碳纳米管(MWNTs-COOH)为载体,采用"Grafting onto"方法在羧基碳纳米管表面键连大分子链聚乙烯亚胺(PEI),制备了功能单体MWNTs-CO/PEI,获得铜离子印迹材料。利用FTIR、TEM对产物进行了表征,探讨了模板离子的初始浓度、溶液pH值、吸附时间对吸附容量的影响,以及印迹材料的吸附选择性和重复使用率。结果表明,PEI中的N-H键断裂,H原子被烷基取代,环氧氯丙烷发生开环反应,键连到PEI的N原子上;羧基碳纳米管表面包覆了一层厚度约为20nm的印迹层,呈蜂窝状;在Cu2+初始质量浓度为100mg/L、pH=6、吸附时间为1h时,Cu2+-IIP印迹材料和非印迹材料的最大吸附容量分别为43.68mg/g和21.85mg/g;在同时存在Cu2+、Zn2+的溶液中,印迹材料的选择性能较好;重复使用时,吸附性能稳定。     

Ag掺杂改性MIL-101的制备及其对碘离子的吸附性能

为了提高金属有机骨架多孔材料MIL-101对水体中碘离子的吸附性能,通过水热合成法制得Ag掺杂改性MIL-101材料,利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、比表面积及孔径分析、激光衍射粒度分析等技术手段对材料进行表征,并考察多种参数对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:纳米Ag主要存在于基体材料MIL-101的晶格中,对材料的晶体结构无显著破坏;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)加乙醇的后处理方法能有效提高材料的吸附性能;改性后的材料表现出快速、高效的吸附性能;在痕量碘离子环境下,Ag掺杂质量分数为2%的改性MIL-101的饱和吸附量可达23 mg/g,吸附效率达到93%以上;在高浓度环境下,样品吸附效率随着Ag掺杂量的增加而提高。     

玉米芯/壳聚糖基多孔碳材料的制备及其气体吸附性能研究

采用玉米芯为碳源,壳聚糖(CS)为氮源,800℃碳化并进一步通过CO_2活化制备了多孔碳材料。研究玉米芯/CS在不同质量比时对多孔碳材料的孔径分布,表面化学性质及气体吸附性能的影响。利用全自动气体吸附仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线光电子能谱分析仪对样品进行了孔隙结构和表面化学性质的表征。实验结果表明,所制备的多孔碳材料具有丰富的孔隙结构。当玉米芯/CS质量比为1∶15时,比表面积最大值达到702m~2/g,最大孔容为0.310cm~3/g,N掺杂量为1.59%,在常温常压下CH_4的吸附量达到36mg/g,CO_2吸附量达到117mg/g。     

椰壳活性炭复合改性及其对模拟烟气中CO_2的吸附性能

以椰壳活性炭为载体,进行HNO3+TEPA复合改性和KOH+TEPA复合改性,并考察活性炭复合改性前后对模拟烟气中CO2的吸附性能,结果表明,KOH+TEPA复合改性后吸附性能提高,HNO3+TEPA复合改性后吸附性能降低。KOH+TEPA复合改性后的活性炭(OH-TEPA-AC)在303K条件下,对模拟烟气(10%(体积分数)CO2,90%(体积分数)N2)中CO2的静态吸附量从改性前的0.670mmol/g提高到1.182mmol/g。在303K条件下,活性炭OH-TEPAAC对模拟烟气中CO2的动态吸附量稳定在0.970~1.152mmol/g间,对引入水分的烟气中CO2的吸附量稳定在1.192~1.215mmol/g间,表现出良好的循环吸附性能及对水分的稳定性。动力学分析表明,OH-TEPA-AC对模拟烟气中CO2的平均吸附热值为-52.0kJ/mol,保证了工业实际应用的经济性。     

含铝MOFs材料的合成及吸附性能实验

采用水热法合成了一种新的含铝多孔金属有机骨架材料(Metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)Al12O(OH)18(H2O)3(Al2(OH)4)[btc]6.24H2O(MIL-96(Al)),并用高压吸附仪测试了MIL-96在不同压力和温度下对CO2和SO2的吸附性能。结果表明,该配合物BET和Langmuir比表面积分别为507m2/g和668m2/g,热稳定性较好,温度低于350℃时结构较稳定。在相同温度和压力条件下,MIL-96对CO2的吸附性能远远高于对SO2的吸附性能;在较低温度下,温度越高,MIL-96吸附能力越强,但在100℃时的饱和吸附量(4.27mmol/g)小于80℃时的饱和吸附量(5.15mmol/g),这种现象是由于水蒸气的逸出造成的。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from