环保型脲醛胶生产消费现状及发展趋势

阐述了环保型脲醛树脂生产、消费现状及发展趋势.     

N,N,N-三甲基-2-羟基-3-硬脂酰氧基丙基氯化铵的合成与表征

以环氧氯丙烷(ECH)和三甲胺(TMA)为原料,在40 kHz超声辅助下合成了季铵盐型活性醚化剂环氧氯丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTA);GTA在超声辅助下与硬脂酸反应,合成了阳离子单酯表面活性剂N,N,N-三甲基-2-羟基-3-硬脂酰氧基丙基氯化铵(CMESA)。通过元素分析,IR等手段对CMESA进行了表征,并考察了反应温度,n(GTA)∶n(硬脂酸),pH和反应时间等因素对产率的影响。结果表明,CMESA的合适合成条件为:超声频率50 kHz,n(GTA)∶n(硬脂酸)=3∶1,反应温度70℃,反应时间4 h,此条件下CMESA的产率为94.90%。     

2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-1-巯基-吡喃葡萄糖的合成

以无水α-D-葡萄糖为原料通过四步反应完成2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-1-巯基-吡喃葡萄糖的合成.首先用α-D-葡萄糖和乙酸酐合成1,2,3,4,6-五-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅰ),再由(Ⅰ)和溴素、冰醋酸制得2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰-α-D-溴代吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅱ),然后用(Ⅱ)和硫脲制得2-S-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-2-异硫脲氢溴酸盐(Ⅲ),最后加入氯仿和偏重亚硫酸钠制得最终产物2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-1-巯基-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅳ).通过FTIR、元素分析、1HNMR、13C-NMR等手段对产物结构进行了表征.     

Phenylstearic acids and related compounds isolation of 17-, 16-, 15- and 13-phenyl isomers

Alternate use of acetone and hexane as crystallizing solvents permitted the isolation of the 17-, 16-, 15- and 13-phenyl isomers of phenylsteaic acid and related compounds made by the Firedel-Crafts reaction. The pure crystalline isomers were used as referebce compounds to correct the distribution curve based on alkyl aryl ketones formed by chromic acid oxidation. Presented at the ISF-AOCS Meeting, Chicago, September 1970. ARS, USDA.     

Synthesis ofcis 9, 15-, 8, 15-, and 7, 15-octadecadienoic acid

In connection with the study of autoxidation of someiso-linoleic acids, the 9,15-, 8,15-, and 7,15-octadecadienoic acids have been synthesized by partial hydrogenation of the corresponding diynoic acids. These acids were prepared by coupling ω-iodo-3-alkynes with ω-chloro-1-alkynes by means of sodium amide in liquid ammonia to form ω-chlorohexadiynes, followed by condensation of the corresponding iodine compounds with sodium malonic ester. Part of paper presented by G. J. Henning at the AOCS Meeting, Philadelphia, October 1966.     

Allylic hydroxy fatty compounds with Δ5-, Δ7-, Δ8-, and Δ10-Unsaturation

Several novel allylic mono- and dihydroxy fatty compounds were synthesized from Δ5, Δ7-, Δ8-, and Δ10-monounsaturated fatty acids with the selenium dioxide/tert-butyl-hydroperoxide. Chainlengths were C₁₉ for Δ7 and Δ10, and C₂₀ for Δ5 and Δ8 compounds. With a full range of Δ5- to Δ11-unsaturated allylic monohydroxy fatty compounds available, position-dependent effects in the¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of these compounds are discussed. The olefinic carbon shift differences in monohydroxy compounds, where the OH group is located between the double bond and the terminal methyl group, were plotted as a function of double-bond distance from C₁. This plot is presumably a rational function. During SeO₂-based hydroxylation, lactonization of the hydroxy groups, located between the double-bond and the carboxyl group, also occurs for Δ5 unsaturation.     

A new route to 4-, 5-, and 6-indolecarboxylic acids

There are many indole derivatives bearing carboxyl or methoxycarbonyl groups on the benzene ring and these often have patent physiological activities. Synthesis of these compounds usually starts from indoles having a halogen group at the desired position on an indole ring. We now report a facile synthesis of 4-, 5-, and 6-indolecarboxylic acids from 2-bromoaniline derivatives ( 1 ). The synthetic route is shown in Figure 1.     

(S,S)-2,12-, (S,S)-2,13-, and (S,S)-2,14-diacetoxyheptadecanes: sex pheromone components of red cedar cone midge, Mayetiola thujae

We identified, synthesized, and field-tested the sex pheromone of female red cedar cone midge Mayetiola thujae (Hedlin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a pest insect in red cedar Thuja plicata seed orchards. Coupled gas chromatographic (GC)-electroantennographic detection analyses of pheromone extract revealed three components (A, B, C) that elicited responses from antennae of males, all of which occurred below the detection threshold of the mass spectrometer and thus had to be identified without spectroscopic data. Taking into account (1) their retention indices (RI) on three GC columns (DB-5, DB-23, and DB-210), (2) intercolumn RI differentials, and (3) the molecular structures of known cecidomyiid pheromones, we synthesized seven candidate pheromone components: 2,10-, 2,11-, 2,12-, 2,13-, 2,14-, 2,15- and 2,16-diacetoxyheptadecanes. Of these, 2,12-, 2,13-, and 2,14-diacetoxyheptadecane had RIs on all columns consistent with those of A, B, and C and elicited strong antennal responses when tested at picogram levels. In field experiments with the twelve stereoselectively synthesized stereoisomers, only the SS-stereoisomers of 2,12-, 2,13-, and 2,14-diacetoxyheptadecane attracted male M. thujae. The three-component SS-stereoisomer blend was more attractive than the 12-component blend of all stereoisomers, suggesting that one or several nonnatural stereoisomers are inhibitory. One-, two-, and three-component lures of the SS-stereoisomers were equally effective in attracting male M. thujae, indicating redundancy in the pheromone. Identification of the M. thujae sex pheromone will allow development of pheromone-based monitoring, and possibly control, of M. thujae populations in T. plicata seed orchards.     

Proinflammatory Cytokines (IL-1, -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, -23, TNF-α) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis—A Literature Review

Conducted studies highlight that a mixture of genetic and environmental factors is responsible for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development. This study aimed to analyze the available literature for the relationship between, on the one hand, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the proinflammatory cytokines genes interleukin-1 (IL-1), -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, and -23, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and on the other hand, RA susceptibility, severity, and patients’ response to applied treatment. The PubMed database was searched for sources. Preference was given to articles which were published within the past 20 years. Data indicate that the relationship between selected SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes and susceptibility to developing RA is inconclusive, and it depends on the ethnicity of the population. Although the allelic and genotypic frequencies of many SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes analyzed did not differ between RA patients and healthy controls, deeper analysis showed that these polymorphisms have a relationship with clinicopathological features of RA. SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes also “modify patients’ response” to applied treatment. Further studies, on larger cohorts of subjects and in different populations, should be conducted to elucidate the role of SNPs in IL-1, -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, and -23, and TNF-α genes in RA patients.     

Unconventional 0-, 1-, and 2-dimensional single-crystalline copper sulfide nanostructures

We report the synthesis of several unconventional 0-, 1- and 2-dimensional copper sulfide nanostrucutures by the chemical vapor deposition method. The key factor for morphology and structure control of a variety of copper sulfide products is the tuning of deposition and growth temperature to fit for the surface energy barriers and promote different growth directions. At a high growth temperature (480 °C) that provides enough thermal energy, a 0-D octahedral copper sulfide single crystal structure was synthesized. At a slightly lower growth temperature (460 °C), a new 1-D copper sulfide nanorod structure with a nanocrystal head was discovered for the first time. At a much lower growth temperature (150 °C), 2-D copper sulfide nanoflakes with a single crystal hexagonal structure were obtained. These novel structural varieties of copper sulfide can lead to discovering more unconventional material structures and growth mechanisms of other transitional metal chalcogenides, and may allow for new copper sulfide based devices and applications.     

Electrophysical Properties of S87-2, S78-4, and S78-5 Glass

The results of the investigation of the effect of the thermodynamic processing conditions on the electrophysical properties of the materials used in devices for recording images in the near infrared wavelength region are presented. The dependences of the specific electrical conductivity on the temperature and on the time of the heat treatment at a continuous unidirectional current through the sample are determined, as well as for the symmetric alternating current, excluding the electro mass transfer. These results can be used to improve the existing technological processes and create new technological processes for the production of electronics products.     

4-(6-甲氧基-8-喹啉偶氮)-间苯三酚的合成及分析应用

首次合成了4－（6－甲氧基－8－喹啉偶氮）－间苯三酚（MQAPG）。产品通过了元素分析、红外光谱、薄层色谱、核磁共振鉴定。MQAPG在碱性溶液中,与钴（Ⅱ）形成配合物,λmax＝518nm,△λ＝79nm。在0．02－1．5μg/mL范围内服从比尔定律。测定了指甲及河水中的微量钴（Ⅱ）,结果稳定可靠。     

Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Pulmonary Fibrosis Post-COVID-19: Focus on Galectin-1, -3, -8, -9

Pulmonary fibrosis is a consequence of the pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which finally leads to lung scarring. Although the pulmonary fibrogenesis is almost known, the last two years of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its post effects added new particularities which need to be explored. Many questions remain about how pulmonary fibrotic changes occur within the lungs of COVID-19 patients, and whether the changes will persist long term or are capable of resolving. This review brings together existing knowledge on both COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis, starting with the main key players in promoting pulmonary fibrosis, such as alveolar and endothelial cells, fibroblasts, lipofibroblasts, and macrophages. Further, we provide an overview of the main molecular mechanisms driving the fibrotic process in connection with Galactin-1, -3, -8, and -9, together with the currently approved and newly proposed clinical therapeutic solutions given for the treatment of fibrosis, based on their inhibition. The work underlines the particular pathways and processes that may be implicated in pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis post-SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The recent data suggest that galectin-1, -3, -8, and -9 could become valuable biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung fibrosis post-COVID-19 and promising molecular targets for the development of new and original therapeutic tools to treat the disease.     

Analysis of miR-9-5p,miR-124-3p,miR-21-5p,miR-138-5p,and miR-1-3p in Glioblastoma Cell Lines and Extracellular Vesicles

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor, is a complex and extremely aggressive disease. Despite recent advances in molecular biology, there is a lack of biomarkers, which would improve GBM’s diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Here, we analyzed by qPCR the expression levels of a set of miRNAs in GBM and lower-grade glioma human tissue samples and performed a survival analysis in silico. We then determined the expression of same miRNAs and their selected target mRNAs in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) of GBM cell lines. We showed that the expression of miR-21-5p was significantly increased in GBM tissue compared to lower-grade glioma and reference brain tissue, while miR-124-3p and miR-138-5p were overexpressed in reference brain tissue compared to GBM. We also demonstrated that miR-9-5p and miR-124-3p were overexpressed in the sEVs of GBM stem cell lines (NCH421k or NCH644, respectively) compared to the sEVs of all other GBM cell lines and astrocytes. VIM mRNA, a target of miR-124-3p and miR-138-5p, was overexpressed in the sEVs of U251 and U87 GBM cell lines compared to the sEVs of GBM stem cell line and also astrocytes. Our results suggest VIM mRNA, miR-9-5p miRNA, and miR-124-3p miRNA could serve as biomarkers of the sEVs of GBM cells.     

Icosahedron cage occupancy of structure-H hydrate helped by Xe -1,1-, cis -1,2-, trans-1,2-, and cis-1,4-dimethylcyclohexanes

Four mixtures of 1,1-, cis-1,2-, trans-1,2-, and cis-1,4-dimethylcyclohexanes (hereafter abbreviated DMCH) including H₂O and Xe have been investigated in a temperature range over 274.5 K and a pressure range up to 2.7 MPa. The 1,1-DMCH and cis-1,2-DMCH generate the structure-H hydrate in the temperature range up to 295.2 and 280.2 K, respectively. Especially, very large depression of equilibrium pressure has been observed in the structure-H 1,1-DMCH hydrate system. On the other hand, neither trans-1,2-DMCH nor cis-1,4-DMCH generates the structure-H hydrate in the present temperature range. It is an important finding that the cis-1,4-DMCH does not generate the structure-H hydrate in the presence of Xe, while the mixture of cis-1,4-DMCH and methane generates the structure-H hydrate.     

O,O-二乙基-O-异螺环-4-烯-3-肟硫代磷酸酯的合成

本文研究了以薯蓣皂素（Diosgenin）为原料合成O，O-二乙基-O-异螺环-4-烯-3-肟硫代磷酸酯的工艺，IR、^1HNMR、MS、熔点测定等手段对合成的化合物结构进行表征，分析其理化性质和波谱特征，确定所合成的化合物为目标化合物。     

Viscoelastic properties of 1,2-,1,4- and 1,2-1,4-diblock butadiene polymers

The use of polar modifiers to produce novel structures of butadiene polymers is well documented in the literature [Antkowiak TA, Oberster AE, Halasa AF, Tate DP. J Polym Sci 1972;10:1319; Langer AW. Polym Prep Am Sco Polym Div. 1966;7:132; Hay JN, McCabe JF, Robb JC. Polym Prep Am Chem Faraday Trans 1972;1:681; Halasa AF, Mochel VD, Frankel G. Polym Prep Am Chem Sco, Div Polym Chem 1980;21(1):13; Halasa AF, Schulz DN, Tate DP, Mochel VD. Adv Organomet Chem 1980;8:55 [1], [2], [3], [4] and [5]]. Manipulating microstructures of 1,3-butadiene to produce diblock co-polymers has been reported by one of us [Halasa AF. Rubber Chem Technol 1981;54:627 [6]]. The discovery of polar modifier di-piperdinoethane to produce pure (100%) atactic 1,2-polubutadiene [Halasa AF, Lohr DF, Hall JE. J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 1981;19 [7]] provided scientists with a new tool to structurally engineer various block co-polymers of butadiene and styrene and study their structural and viscoelastic properties [Cohen RE, Torradas JM. MS Thesis, MIT, May 1980, PhD Thesis, MIT January, 1982 [8]].     

聚氯化-2-羟丙基-1,1-N-二甲胺的合成及杀菌效果

报道了聚氯化-2-羟丙基-1，1-N-二甲胺的合成方法及性质。讨论了实验条件对反应的影响，并用该聚合物进行了杀菌试验，实验证明该聚合物是一种高效的、持续时间长的杀菌剂。