二烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成、表征及性能研究

据国际能源机构（IEA）预测,2030年我国石油消费量的80％需要依靠进口。在世界原油价格大幅攀升的局势下,大量的石油进口无疑成为我国经济发展的沉重负担,必须加大石油开采力度。目前,大庆油田所用的较好的三次采油用表面活性剂是进口的石油磺酸盐ORS-41,这种表面活性剂价格昂贵,迭2万～2.5万元／t。经分析,这种进口石油磺酸盐的主要成分是各种炕基苯磺酸盐的混合物,其中单烷基苯磺酸盐占18％,二烷基苯磺酸盐占16％,因此,研究二烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的性质,可为三次采油用重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的复配提供理论依据。为了研究不同结构的二烷基苯磺酸盐分子结构与其表面活性的关系,以烷基苯为原料。经过酰化、格氏反应、碘与红磷还原、磺化、中和等步骤,合成了6种二烷基苯磺酸盐,并用’麒豫对产品进行了表征,用Wilhelmy-Plate法在20℃下测定了二烷基苯磺酸盐水溶液的表面性能,结果表明,苯环在烷基链的位置影响产品的表面张力和表面吸附性能。     

直链重烷基苯磺酸盐的驱油能力研究

研究了所合成的各种结构的直链烷基苯磺酸盐单剂及其复配体系在不同碱质量分数情况下对大庆四厂油／水界面张力情况。结果表明；对同一碳链长度的直链烷基苯磺酸盐，带甲基的比带乙基、异丙基和苯环上不带取代基的烷基苯磺酸盐降低界面张力的能力强；同样结构的十六碳链长的烷基苯磺酸盐又较其他碳链长度的烷基苯磺酸盐效果更优；长、短碳链的带甲基的直链烷基苯磺酸盐按一定比例复配，协同效应显著；与支链烷基苯磺酸盐复配后，体系的驱油能力、抗稀释性和抗Ca^2 、Mg^2 能力明显增加。直链与支链按一定比例复配将是烷基苯磺酸盐作为驱油用主剂的发展方向。     

洗涤产品中阴离子和无机成份的非溶剂定量分析（英）

报道了在没有有机溶剂加氯仿的条件下,烷基苯磺酸盐和烷基磺酸盐（ＡＳ）测定方法的进展情况。烷基苯磺酸盐和ＡＳ与钙盐经沉淀,然后经过过滤分离。通过这个过程,它们和体系中的无机含硫化合物分离。被分离物中的硫含量通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）测定。这样可以测定总的阴离子表面活性剂的含量。ＡＳ通过高压水解,未水解的烷基苯磺酸盐用同样的方法测定。烷基苯磺酸盐、ＡＳ、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、硫酸盐和     

两种不同链长烷基苯的磺化工艺比较

讨论了三氧化硫膜式磺化工艺生产长链(C20~24)烷基苯磺酸盐的可行性,并根据长链烷基苯的物理『生质,从反应原理、工艺条件、产能及设备选型等方面对比了十二烷基苯和长链烷基苯磺酸盐的生产工艺。     

表面活性剂与大庆采油五厂水质配伍研究

本文简述了三元复合驱的优势。配制了石油磺酸盐/HPAM/碱三元复合驱体系和烷基苯磺酸盐/HPAM/碱三元复合驱体系,同时研究了石油磺酸盐表面活性剂和烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂与大庆五厂油水的配伍性。其中,石油磺酸盐与大庆五厂油水配伍性较好,能够形成超低界面张力。     

磷酸盐洗涤剂抵御新的压力

尽管对鱼的毒害问题和生物降解性问题,对于直链烷基苯磺酸盐的应用具有压力,但在直链烷基苯磺酸盐市场方面至少在西德市场方面,仍然相当自信不至受到影响。这是因     

Future LAB feedstocks：the advent of pearl GTL

采用两种不同来源的正构烷烃合成了相应的烷基苯,经磺化、中和后得到两种烷基苯磺酸盐,测 定了其应用性能,评价了其对环境的影响。结果发现,来源于天然气液化油（GTL）的正构烷烃完 全可以替代来源于煤油的正构烷烃生产烷基苯及其磺酸盐。     

未来的烷基苯原料:天然气液化油

采用两种不同来源的正构烷烃合成了相应的烷基苯,经磺化、中和后得到两种烷基苯磺酸盐,测定了其应用性能,评价了其对环境的影响。结果发现,来源于天然气液化油(GTL)的正构烷烃完全可以替代来源于煤油的正构烷烃生产烷基苯及其磺酸盐。     

烷基苯生产工艺对烷基苯磺酸钠物化性能的影响

介绍了烷基苯生产工艺的发展动向以及几种已工业化的烷基苯工艺生产的烷基苯组成及相应的烷基苯磺酸盐的物化性能，认为固定床烷基化工艺是今后研究和发展的方向。     

直链烷基苯磺酸盐和α－烯基磺酸盐混合表面活性剂体系

直链烷基苯磺酸盐和α－烯基磺酸盐混合表面活性剂体系直链烷基苯磺酸盐（ＬＡＢＳ）是洗涤剂产品中最常用的表面活性剂。ＬＡＢＳ与其他活性剂相比性能优越、价格低、加工方便，但在助剂不足的产品中耐硬水的效能显著降低。这个问题可以通过加入辅助表面活性剂解决，最常...     

Hydrotropic properties of some short-chain alkylbenzene- and alkylnaphthalene sulfonates

Alkylbenzene sulfonates based on toluene, xylene and cumene, and alkylnaphthalene sulfonates act as hydrotropes in surfactant systems. One measure of hydrotropicity is the amount of hydrotrope required to clear a cloudy detergent formulation; some hydrotropes are more effective than others, depending on the surfactant formulation. Another measure is the modification of the viscosity of surfactant formulations; the change in the viscosity depends on the amount and type of hydrotrope used and on the specific formulation involved. Additionally, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate hydrotropes change the solubility of nonionic surfactants in water, and both types of hydrotrope raise the cloud point of nonionic surfactant solutions; however, the naphthalene-based hydrotropes are more efficient. Ross-Miles foam test data are used to compare the foam characteristics of different alkylnaphthalene sulfonates. A critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined for the alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, but although alkylbenzene sulfonates do show some surface activity, a CMC could not be found for these materials. Presented as a poster session at the AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo, May 1997, Seattle, Washington, and at Soaps, Detergents, and Oleochemicals: An AOCS International Conference, October 1997, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.     

十六醇琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠的合成及复配研究

采用复合酸催化剂及正交实验法对十六醇琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠（MS16）的合成条件进行了优化，测定了其表面活性及应用性能，并将MS16与非离子表面活性剂进行了复配研究。     

液相磺化法制备三次采油用石油磺酸盐

研究了克拉玛依炼厂减压四线糠抽馏分油与液相三氧化硫在1,2-二氯乙烷溶剂存在下的磺化反应,磺化产物经中和、分水、浓缩等处理,得到石油磺酸盐产品。采用阳离子两相滴定-比较分析法测定反应产物中的活性物含量,讨论了酸油比、反应温度、溶剂与油的比例、加酸速度及老化时间对活性物含量的影响。结果表明,酸油比、反应温度和加酸速度对活性物含量影响较大,溶剂和油的比例次之,而老化时间对活性物含量的影响较小,优化条件下活性物含量高达67.27%。     

磺基咪唑啉甜菜碱表面活性剂的合成和性能

以２－溴乙基磺酸钠为亲水基物料和烷基咪唑啉合成了磺基咪唑啉甜菜碱表面活性剂,讨论了该化合物在水中的结构,并对其水溶液的表面张力、起泡性能、临界胶束浓度进行了测试和分析。     

Yielding in Surfactant Suspension Pastes: Effect of Surfactant Type

In this work, we study the rheological properties and the yielding behavior of cleaning pastes containing surfactant and abrasive particles, for three different types of surfactants, namely linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) and sodium lauryl ether sulfonate (SLES). All the pastes were observed to have soft solid-like consistency with their elastic modulus significantly greater than the viscous modulus. With around 36 volume percent of particulate matter, the high stiffness of the pastes suggests that particles form a space spanning network. Interestingly, when subjected to oscillatory shear deformation with increasing strain amplitude, the elastic modulus undergoes a decrease in two steps thereby showing a two-step yielding behavior. It is observed that the first yield stress does not show frequency dependence, and for LAS-containing paste was the largest followed by AOS- and SLES-containing pastes, respectively. The second yield stress, on the other hand, for all the three pastes is observed to increase with frequency. Careful assessment of the experimental data suggests that the first yielding event is due to rupture of the network which leads to formation of particulate aggregates. The second yielding event is attributed to breakage of aggregates. In both yielding phenomena, surfactants play an important role. Since, the phase behavior of surfactant in water determines the inter-particle interaction and network density, the nature of surfactant has a pivotal influence on both the yielding phenomena in surfactant suspension pastes used for cleaning purposes.     

浅色高纯聚苯乙烯磺酸钙阳离子交换树脂的制备

聚苯乙烯磺酸钙阳离子交换树脂是新型的降血钾树脂。在制备浅色高纯聚苯乙烯磺酸钠阳离子交换树脂技术路线基础上,用浅色高纯聚苯乙烯磺酸钠阳离子交换树脂为原料,与钙交换剂交换得到药用聚苯乙烯磺酸钙阳离子交换树脂。     

石油磺酸盐及其与脂肪醇醚磺酸盐复配体系的耐盐性能和界面性能

通过对胜利馏分油的磺化制得一种石油磺酸盐(PS),并对其与不同碳链脂肪醇醚磺酸盐(AnESO,EO=3,n=1214,16,18)复配体系的耐盐(NaCl、CaCl2)性能和界面性能进行了研究。结果表明:(1)PS耐盐性能较差,当NaCl质量浓度达到30 g/L或CaCl2质量浓度达到0.15 g/L时,即有沉淀生成,且与胜利原油间的界面张力值较高(≥10-1 mN/m)。(2)将PS和AnESO以m(PS)∶m(AnESO)=9∶1复配,复配体系的耐盐性能均明显提高。其中PS/A18ESO复配性能最好,复配体系NaCl质量浓度能达到80 g/L,CaCl2质量浓度则达到2.4 g/L;而且界面张力在一定NaCl和CaCl2含量下可以降至10-2 mN/m数量级。     

三氧化硫磺化技术的最新进展

介绍近几年来大型磺化反应器和磺化装置的国产化及原有磺化装置的技术改造,α-烯基磺酸盐(AOS)部分取代烷基苯磺酸盐(LAS)及AOS生产技术,并概述了脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐(MES)的产品开发、磺化产品的活性物干燥,以及其他磺化产品的开发等。分析了国内现有的磺化技术水平已与国际水平相近,建议尽可能利用国内技术实现磺化装置国产化和磺化新产品的开发。     

Selective Extraction of Embelin from Embelia ribes by Hydrotropes

Abstract

The research work proposes an alternate strategy of the extraction of embelin (2,5‐dihydroxy‐3‐undecyl‐p‐benzoquinone) from Embelia ribes. The aromatic hydrotropes such as sodium n butyl benzene sulfonate (NaNBBS), and sodium cumene sulfonate (NaCS) were found to be effective for the selective extraction of embelin with a recovery of 95% embelin from the aqueous solution of hydrotropes with high purity. The process was further optimized with respect to concentration of hydrotropes and temperature of extraction.