一元化生物胶压裂液性能研究

开发了一元化生物胶压裂液,根据储层的温度调整一元化生物胶压裂液和水混合的比例制备压裂液,并对一元化生物胶压裂液体系的性能进行评价.结果表明,一元化生物胶压裂液体系具有非常好的耐温耐剪切性能,在130℃下连续剪切120 min,黏度大于30 mPa·s.同时携砂性能良好,破胶彻底,破胶后残渣远低于常规胍胶压裂液残渣,破胶...     

耐温缓交联有机锆冻胶压裂液的制备与性能评价

针对目前现场常用的压裂液耐温性差、交联时间短及残渣含量高等诸多问题，以氧氯化锆、多元醇、有机配体、络合交联剂和高温稳定剂等原料成功合成了有机锆交联剂YJ-3，并选用聚丙烯酰胺类稠化剂RG-1和添加剂制备出一种耐温缓交联有机锆冻胶压裂液体系。采用单因素试验对交联剂YJ-3和稠化剂RG-1质量分数进行了优化，进而评价了该压裂液体系的性能指标。实验结果表明：压裂液的较优配方组成为0.50%RG-1+2.0%YJ-3+0.15%Na₂S₂O₃+0.8%助排剂，该体系交联时间在3～45 min之间可调，90℃和150℃时在170 s^-1速度下剪切2 h后黏度仍高于50 mPa·s，携砂性能和滤失性明显优于常规瓜胶压裂液体系，在1～3 h内可实现完全破胶，无残渣、易于返排，是一种性能优良的耐温缓交联型低伤害压裂液，具有广阔的现场应用前景。     

延迟交联冻胶酸液体系的室内试验研究

针对塔河油田外围奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏储层发育程度变差,常规酸液体系滤失量大、酸岩反应速度快,酸蚀裂缝长度较短,酸压有效作用距离难以进一步提高的难题,开展了延迟交联冻胶酸体系配方、综合性能,以及现场酸压施工工艺研究。优选出的冻胶酸体系室温放置7天无分层、沉淀,基液粘度51mPa·s,延迟交联时间3-4min可调,在150℃、170s-1下剪切1h后黏度仍大于50mPa·s,破胶液粘度6mPa·s,酸岩反应速度较常规胶凝酸体系低一个数量级,具备一定的携砂能力。在碳酸盐岩油藏酸压改造中具有良好的推广应用前景。     

适用于冬季施工的清洁压裂液体系评价及应用

通过利用捷贝通耐温抗盐清洁压裂液体系为基础配方,根据新疆油田冬季施工要求,经过大量的室内评价开发出一套适用于冬季施工的清洁压裂液体系,并进行了现场应用。通过室内评价及现场应用结果表明,该体系具有以下优点:基液黏度低,可实现支撑剂在基液中的均匀分布;低温下正常交联,低排量下支撑剂不会迅速沉降;防冻性能好,压裂液在-15℃下保持流动状态;与储层配伍性好,不会出现压裂返胶现象;携砂性能好,常温携砂,36 h不沉降;高温下耐剪切性能好,在100℃下剪切60 min尾黏大于100 mPa·s;冻胶呈中性,不会对管道、设备产生腐蚀;破胶液表、界面张力低,有利于破胶液返排;抗二价铁离子效果好。     

一元化生物胶压裂液性能研究

开发了一元化生物胶压裂液,根据储层的温度调整一元化生物胶压裂液和水混合的比例制备压裂液,并对一元化生物胶压裂液体系的性能进行评价。结果表明,一元化生物胶压裂液体系具有非常好的耐温耐剪切性能,在130℃下连续剪切120 min,黏度大于30 mPa·s。同时携砂性能良好,破胶彻底,破胶后残渣远低于常规胍胶压裂液残渣,破胶液与地层水配伍性良好。破胶液再次加入一元化生物胶后可再次形成压裂液,重复3次均性能稳定,具有良好的应用前景和推广价值。     

抗高温低摩阻硼交联加重压裂液的制备与性能

针对高温深井致密油气藏压裂液存在的高摩阻、高施工压力和抗高温能力不足的问题,通过硼交联剂的合成和压裂液添加剂的优选,研究得到了一种密度为1.38 g/cm³的低摩阻耐高温加重压裂液。并对该体系进行了交联性能、耐温耐剪切性、降阻率、静态悬砂和破胶性评价。结果表明,该压裂液体系的交联时间达10 min以上,其延迟交联性能有效地降低了管路摩阻(降阻率68.44%);此外在170℃、170 s3的低摩阻耐高温加重压裂液。并对该体系进行了交联性能、耐温耐剪切性、降阻率、静态悬砂和破胶性评价。结果表明,该压裂液体系的交联时间达10 min以上,其延迟交联性能有效地降低了管路摩阻(降阻率68.44%);此外在170℃、170 s^(-1)下连续剪切90 min后黏度始终保持在60 mPa·s以上,95℃高温下可完全破胶,破胶液残渣含量低于行业标准,且具有优良的悬砂性能,对高压深井油气藏压裂改造具有重要意义。     

本溪组致密砂岩储层冻胶酸体系的优选

针对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘本溪组致密砂岩储层酸压改造的酸液体系酸岩反应速率快、酸液穿透距离短、压裂效果不理想等问题开发了冻胶酸酸压工艺,利用冻胶酸体系黏度高、滤失低、缓速缓蚀、破胶彻底等优点,实现酸液体系深穿透,提高酸蚀裂缝导流能力。通过流变、水浴破胶、表/界面张力、酸岩反应速率等测试手段评价冻胶酸体系的常规性能、高温流变性能、破胶性能、缓速性能以及残酸对地层的伤害能力,根据结果优选出重科冻胶酸+15%HCl的酸液体系。结果表明,该体系常规性能良好;在70℃、170 s~(-1)的剪切速率下经过80 min耐温剪切后黏度保持在300 m Pa·s;破胶4 h后黏度低至2 m Pa·s,且破胶液表/界面张力低;酸岩反应速率低,缓速性能良好;残酸中残渣质量分数低,表现出低伤害、返排效果好等优点。     

多氨基硼交联剂的制备与性能评价

以多胺化合物和硼酸酯为原料,合成羟丙基胍胶压裂液用有机硼交联剂,通过在交联剂中引入多个含硼交联位点,达到降低压裂液体系中羟丙基胍胶的用量、提升压裂液体系耐温性能的目的。采用FTIR、1HNMR和11BNMR对不同交联剂的结构进行了表征,并分析了反应机理。考察了多胺化合物的种类(二乙烯三胺、四乙烯五胺、多乙烯多胺、聚乙烯亚胺-600)、反应物的配比、反应温度和反应时间对产物交联性能的影响,结果表明,当硼酸酯与多乙烯多胺的质量比为3∶2、反应时间为4h、反应温度为150℃时,可以制备性能最优的交联剂BNX-1。评价了BNX-1配制压裂液的耐温耐剪切性能、破胶性能和静态滤失性能。结果表明,以羟丙基胍胶质量分数0.35%、羟丙基胍胶溶液与BNX-1交联质量比100∶0.4配制的压裂液体系,在140℃、170s–1下剪切,120 min后黏度为122 mPa·s;以工业交联剂TCB-1作为对照(以羟丙基胍胶质量分数为0.5%、羟丙基胍胶溶液与TCB-1交联质量比为100∶0.5配制的压裂液体系),在同等条件下剪切,黏度为98 mPa·s。     

适合致密油藏的低伤害清洁压裂液体系研究

为提高致密油藏压裂施工的效率,降低压裂液对储层的损害程度,室内通过低分子稠化剂、交联剂、黏土稳定剂以及助排剂的优选及评价,研究了一套适合致密油藏的低伤害清洁压裂液体系,并评价了其综合性能.结果表明:该压裂液体系具有良好的耐温抗剪切性能,在90℃、170 s-1的实验条件下,剪切100 min后黏度仍能达到70 mPa·s以上;此外,该压裂液体系还具有良好的携砂性能、滤失性能和破胶性能,并且破胶液对致密油藏储层天然岩心的基质渗透率伤害程度较小,岩心渗透率损害率小于15％,具有低伤害的特点,能够满足致密油藏压裂施工对压裂液性能的要求.     

耐高温交联酸压裂液的研制及其性能评价

针对黏弹性表面活性剂(VES)转向酸使用成本高，耐温性差以及现有胶凝酸破胶不完全的问题，本研究首先通过水溶液聚合法合成稠化剂和有机锆交联剂，然后在质量分数为20%的盐酸水溶液(下同)中将稠化剂通过有机锆交联剂进行交联，得到耐高温交联酸基液，再根据压裂液性能要求添加高温缓蚀剂、助排剂、铁离子稳定剂和黏土稳定剂，研发了一种耐180 ℃高温的交联酸压裂液。采用高温高压流变仪、压裂液摩阻测试仪和表界面张力测定仪等对交联酸压裂液进行性能评价。结果表明，所制备的交联酸压裂液在180 ℃、170 s^-1条件下剪切120 min后，黏度仍可维持为73 mPa·s，加入0.15%过硫酸铵破胶后，黏度降为3.2 mPa·s，高温流变性和破胶性能良好。     

关于逆流冷却塔雨区阻力计算的探讨

在逆流式冷却塔的空气阻力计算中,常常忽略了雨区阻力的计算,包括国标规范与高等教育的教科书等权威文献也未提及,根据工业塔的实测,这部分阻力占全塔空气阻力的1/6左右。本文根据冷却塔设计与运行的实践,并结合国内外学者对此的实验研究成果,经分析总结,给出了一个较为系统可行的计算方法,经验证与工业塔实测基本吻合,可供冷却塔设计中参考使用。     

耐高温尼龙聚邻苯二甲酰胺的研究进展

综述了聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)的特性和应用,对部分PPA新品种制备方法及表征测试作了介绍,还介绍了PPA在耐热性、吸水性、尺寸稳定性、耐焊锡性等方面的研究进展。     

Improving the bending and corrosion resistance of an enamel by the addition of β-Si3N4 whiskers

Enamel–metal composite materials with high strength and corrosion resistance are often used for fabricating enameled pressure vessels for pharmaceutical and chemical production. However, the low bending resistance of the enamel can result in the cracking and delamination of the enamel layer, leading to the loss of corrosion resistance of the enameled pressure vessel, which can result in accidents. Here, based on the goal of increasing the bending resistance of the enamel to prolong its service life, the effect of β-Si₃N₄ whiskers on the mechanical properties of enamel was studied by three-point bending tests. The effect of β-Si₃N₄ whiskers on the acid and alkali corrosion resistance of enamel was studied using aqueous H₂SO₄ and NaOH solutions, respectively. A sudden change in the force of an enameled sample under the three-point bending test was used to evaluate the bending resistance of the enamel–metal samples, and can also be used to evaluate the mechanical properties of other comparable materials. With the addition of 0.5 wt% β-Si₃N₄ whiskers, the bending resistance was significantly improved, along with the acid and alkali corrosion resistance. These findings are expected to provide guidance for the design and production of enamel-metal vessels with improved performance that can significantly lengthen the service life of enameled pressure vessels and reduce the occurrence of accidents.     

电阻器专用涂料(Ⅰ)

介绍了电阻涂料底漆、面漆的种类和各类电阻涂料底漆和面漆的组成、特点及技术规格。同时,还简介了环氧型、油墨型及有机硅型标志涂料的特点和技术指标。     

Effect of partial substitution of alumina–chromium slag for Al2O3 on microstructures and properties of Al2O3–SiC–C trough castables

Alumina–chromium slag (ACS), a cheap and abundant refractory raw material comprising aluminum–chromium oxides and β-Al₂O₃, is a byproduct of ferrochrome smelting. For this reason, we investigated the relationships between composition and mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, oxidation resistance, and resistance to iron slag erosion for Al₂O₃–SiC–C trough castables in which ACS was substituted for alumina. Due to the presence of β-Al₂O₃ in ACS, the aluminum-chromium slag reacted with SiO₂ to form a low-melting phase of albite and promoted the formation of mullite, which filled the pores at high temperatures and reduced the porosity, thereby promoting densification and strengthening of the sample. The cold mechanical properties of the sample and the normal temperature wear resistance were enhanced, but the high-temperature mechanical properties and the resistance to iron slag corrosion of the sample were impaired. According to the results of the anti-oxidation experiment, the presence of β-Al₂O₃ in the ACS reduced the porosity and made the sample more dense, which remarkably improved oxidation resistance of the sample. For industrial production requirements, ACS substitution should not exceed 48?wt% due to of thermomechanical properties and anti-slag corrosion performance in Al₂O₃–SiC–C trough castables.     

Enhancement of thermal shock and slag corrosion resistance of MgO–ZrO2 ceramics by doping CeO2

The purpose of this paper was to develop ceramics materials with high thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance for preparing gas blowing components. In this paper, MgO-rich MgO–ZrO₂ ceramics were obtained by using MgO powder and ZrO₂ powder as starting materials and CeO₂ as an additive. Changes in the properties in terms of thermal shock resistance, mechanical properties, and slag corrosion-resistance with chemical compositions were examined correlated to microstructure and phase changes. Especially, the effect of doping CeO₂ on phase transition of zirconia in MgO-rich system was discussed. The results showed that doping amount of CeO₂ significantly improved properties of MgO–ZrO₂ ceramics. Especially when doping amount of CeO₂ was 2 wt%, residual strength ratio was enhanced over 100% after thermal shock testing. In samples doped with CeO₂, ZrO₂ was stable in cubic or tetragonal form due to complete solution of CeO₂, which was important reason for the improvement of various properties of MgO–ZrO₂ ceramics.     

氧化镁-尖晶石浇注料的组成与性能的关系

以中档烧结镁砂、矾土基尖晶石和电熔白刚玉为主要原料,制备了不同基质组成的试样,并研究了浇注料的流动性、强度、永久线变化率、抗渣性和抗热震性。结果表明：基质的组成（特别是Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＭｇＯ比）对浇注料的抗渣性、线变化率、抗剥落性和热震稳定性有显著影响,通过调整Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＭｇＯ比可制得综合性能优良的氧化镁－尖晶石浇注料     

硅树脂及其涂料的研究新进展

综述了近十年来国内外耐热、耐腐蚀、耐候性硅树脂、改性硅树脂及其涂料的研究新进展；指出了硅树脂及其涂料的发展趋势。     

钢骨架塑料复合管的性能和应用

对钢骨架塑料复合管与其他管道的性能进行了比较,对比结果证明:钢骨架塑料复合管具有耐压、耐磨、耐腐蚀、抗蠕变、安装方便以及较高的性价比等特点。     

无醛防皱整理剂的研究进展

传统的防皱整理的发展历程及面临的新问题，阐述了多元羧酸类防皱整理剂作为棉织物理想的无甲醛防皱整理剂的防皱机理及性能，但由于它存在价格贵、织物泛黄色变、耐洗牢度差、含磷催化剂污染环境等问题，需要有效解决。最后，指出了无醛防皱整理今后的发展方向。