湿法磷酸-步法脱色脱氟工艺中脱氟影响因素研究

对以活性炭和碳酸钠为脱色剂和脱氟剂的一步法脱色脱氟净化湿法磷酸工艺中脱氟影响因素进行了研究.以Gore膜为过滤介质,确定了湿法磷酸一步法脱色脱氟工艺中最佳脱氟工艺条件:反应温度70℃,反应时间90 min,活性炭添加量为湿法磷酸处理质量的0.3%,碳酸钠添加量为湿法磷酸处理质量的2%,静置时间1 d.在此条件下,湿法磷酸脱氟率达到70%以上.     

湿法磷酸一步法脱色脱氟工艺中脱氟影响因素研究

对以活性炭和碳酸钠为脱色剂和脱氟剂的一步法脱色脱氟净化湿法磷酸工艺中脱氟影响因素进行了研究。以Gore膜为过滤介质,确定了湿法磷酸～步法脱色脱氟工艺中最佳脱氟工艺条件：反应温度70℃,反应时间90min,活性炭添加量为湿法磷酸处理质量的0．3％,碳酸钠添加量为湿法磷酸处理质量的2％,静置时间1d。在此条件下,湿法磷酸脱氟率达到70％以上。     

湿法磷酸一步法脱色脱氟工艺脱色因素研究

对以活性炭和碳酸钠为脱色剂和脱氟剂的一步法脱色脱氟净化湿法磷酸工艺中脱色影响因素进行研究.以Gore膜为过滤介质,确定了湿法磷酸一步法脱色脱氟工艺的最佳脱色工艺条件为:反应温度为70 ℃,反应时间为70 min,碳酸钠添加量为22 g/L,粉末状活性炭添加量为6 g/L,静置时间为1 d.在此条件下,湿法磷酸脱色率可达到80%以上.     

湿法磷酸一步法脱色脱氟工艺中磷酸损失率的研究

分别以活性炭和碳酸钠为脱色剂和脱氟剂,一步法脱色脱氟净化湿法磷酸,研究该工艺中影响磷酸损失率的因素。以Gore膜为过滤介质,确定了一步法脱色脱氟净化湿法磷酸的最佳工艺条件为：反应温度70℃,反应时间90min,活性炭与碳酸钠添加量分别为湿法磷酸处理质量的0.3％和2％,静置时间为1d。在此条件下,磷酸损失率在6％以内。     

湿法磷酸化学沉淀法脱氟的研究

基于湿法磷酸沉淀法脱氟工艺的反应原理,以碳酸钠为脱氟剂,硅藻土为助脱氟剂,研究了不同的碳酸钠和硅藻土用量、作用时间、作用温度条件下的脱氟效果。实验结果表明,对50 g含氟量为0.74%的湿法磷酸,以碳酸钠0.8 g,硅藻土0.2 g,作用时间50 min,温度30~40℃,脱氟处理后,含氟量≤0.18%,符合饲料级磷酸氢钙生产标准(HG2636—94)。     

湿法磷酸净化预处理工艺研究

试验采用化学沉淀法对湿法磷酸进行除硫脱氟预处理,探索了预处理适宜工艺条件,考查了除硫脱氟荆用量、反应温度、反应时间以及脱氟助荆对除硫脱氟效果的影响,得到合适的工艺条件:除硫剂用量为硫酸根质量分数的120%～140%,反应时间为210～240 min,反应温度为40～50℃.脱氟剂用量为氟质量分数的110%-120%.反应温度为50℃.反应时问为150～180 min,脱氟剂用量为0.15%～0.20%,除硫率、脱氟率分别可达90%和85%以上.     

湿法磷酸净化脱氟的实验研究

本文用化学沉淀法对湿法磷酸进行预处理,脱除湿法磷酸中的氟。结果表明,选用固体碳酸钾作为脱氟剂,当搅拌速度为250r/min,碳酸钾加入量为理论用量的130%,反应时间为90min,反应温度为50℃时,脱氟效果最好,脱氟率可达80%以上。     

湿法磷酸净化脱氟工艺优化

阐述氟在湿法磷酸中的形态以及脱氟原理，介绍湿法磷酸脱氟工艺流程及脱氟效果。由于铝对化学沉淀法脱氟干扰性强，在现有管控措施上，提出简化脱氟工艺措施，不采用化学沉淀法脱氟，直接依靠蒸汽浓缩、溶剂萃取、蒸汽汽提过程脱氟，每年可减少脱氟剂用量5 000 t。     

湿法磷酸脱氟技术研究

以煤灰渣、煤矸石为脱氟剂对浓缩湿法磷酸进行脱氟,研究脱氟剂及其用量、反应温度对脱氟效果的影响。实验结果表明:在70℃时,按磷酸中氟质量计算110%理论用量的煤矸石加入磷酸中搅拌反应2 h,脱氟效果明显,脱氟率达到73.53%,经过真空过滤后浓缩酸中氟质量分数降低至0.18%,可满足饲料级磷酸氢钙生产的需要。     

利用半水磷酸装置进行磷酸脱氟的研究

半水磷酸装置生产的湿法磷酸,氟含量约1%.研究在半水磷酸装置中连续脱氟的工艺,探讨反应温度、反应时间、料浆含固量、磷酸浓度、脱氟剂加量等工艺参数对脱氟的影响.经过脱氟.使湿法磷酸的氟含量降到0.18%以下,m(P)/m(F)大于100,符合生产饲料级磷酸氢钙的要求     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。