基于形状文法的传统云纹服饰图案创新设计

针对传统服饰图案设计方法演变性弱、时尚度低,无法满足我国时尚文化消费快速发展下传统服饰图案较高需求问题,以明清织物云纹为例,提出基于形状文法的传统服饰图案创新设计方法。首先对明清织物云纹的文化内涵与发展进行梳理,然后对其结构形态与特征进行分类分析,并提取明清织物云纹代表性图案的形态因子与聚类色彩组谱,最后针对现代服饰产品特征进行创新图案推衍与设计应用。经模糊综合评价验证方法有效性,为我国传统服饰图案创新设计与现代传承提供理论方法参考。     

基于广西民族织锦风格的提花靠垫织物设计

经过对广西民族织锦的实地调研,在分析其图案、色彩和工艺特点的基础上,从中提取典型的图案设计元素,进行靠垫提花织物的系列化图案设计,结合数码纺织设计和生产技术,开发了具有广西少数民族织锦文化风格的现代家纺提花织物。     

羊绒织物数码印花仿平绣的图案设计

刺绣是中国古老的手工艺,平绣是其中最为基础的针法。通过分析传统平绣的风格特色,利用现代电脑辅助设计绣花软件进行仿真平绣图案设计,结合羊绒织物的风格特色,利用计算机辅助设备进行图案处理,通过羊绒织物数码印花,得到羊绒织物数码印花仿平绣的图案。这种将传统平绣与数码印花技术相结合的设计方法,极大的丰富了羊绒织物图案设计的创作形式,开拓了数码图案设计师的设计思路,解决了平绣与羊绒织物难结合的问题。     

唐代敦煌壁画中的团花纹样在服装设计中的应用研究

唐代是敦煌图案发展的成熟期,本文大致概括了初唐、盛唐、中唐、晚唐时期敦煌石窟的特点和图案的种类,主要介绍了唐代敦煌壁画中团花纹样的特点,以及对团花纹样在现代服装设计中的应用现在和创新点进行分析研究。     

从敦煌出土丝绸文物看唐代夹缬图案

针对用两块雕刻成凹凸对称的花板夹持织物进行防染印花的夹缬工艺.结合从敦煌出土的夹缬织物,发现夹缬图案主题一类是采用盛唐及中唐时期的花卉题材,可以将其分为:连叶朵花纹、宝花纹、缠枝花纹三大类;另一类图案主题是动物题材,有马、鹿、格力芬、鸟禽等.马、鹿和格力芬都是丝绸之路上十分流行的题材,而雁、鸟等禽鸟类在唐代中期之后官服上比较常见,到晚唐期更加流行.团窠花卉和动物题材图案在敦煌夹缬上的出现反映了当时唐代的文化交流.     

数码印花在毛衫织物上的应用

通过对毛衫织物数码印花的工艺及毛衫织物数码印花的特点进行论述,得出相比传统印花,数码印花以其高精度、高清晰的渐变色彩、富有层次感、立体感的图案设计,反应速度快、生产周期短以及低能耗低污染的特点,在毛衫织物上的应用日趋广泛。然后进一步对数码印花图案分类及特点以及数码印花图案在毛衫织物上的设计应用进行分析研究,得出将数码印花技术运用于毛衫织物,可以丰富毛衫织物的设计内容,提升毛衫产品的品质、档次和附加值,增加个性和时尚性,适应现代消费者对毛衫织物不断提升的审美品味。     

羊绒织物仿十字绣数码印花图案设计

介绍了传统十字绣的风格特色,包括其针法、图案特点、基布、构图特点等,并指出利用现代计算机辅助设计绣花软件进行仿真十字绣图案设计的可行性。结合羊绒织物的风格特色,利用计算机辅助设计图案,通过试验进行仿十字绣图案数码印花,分析了十字绣图案设计步骤,阐述了数码印花工艺流程及效果。实践显示,这种将传统十字绣与数码印花技术相结合的设计方法,极大地丰富了羊绒织物图案设计的创作形式。     

古代团花图案在现代唐装中的设计与运用

现代唐装是近来流行的一种时尚服装,是对我国传统文化的继承和发展。对唐代团花图案出现的背景、组成形式和基本分类等进行研究,就团花图案在现代服装中的运用及对我国现代唐装的设计意义进行阐述,并对其在唐装中的运用前景作了展望。     

唐代联珠纹在丝绸图案设计创新中的启示

以唐代联珠纹的出现、东西方元素相互交融、艺术风格逐步形成的发展脉络,探究联珠纹艺术风格对丝绸图案创新设计的借鉴作用.吸收与融合,是唐代联珠纹的重要设计哲学,对现代丝绸图案的本土化创新设计具有深远的意义.     

外穿男款针织毛衫风格及图案设计分析

面对现代社会快节奏的生活压力,人们青睐于兼具舒适性、保暖性和时尚性的毛衫产品,通过分析2016/17秋冬季织物流行趋势可以看出,毛衫在男装中占有举足轻重的地位。毛衫设计串联着纱线、组织结构、花型图案设计,并与成衣风格相互制约,本文以服装款型和图案设计为切入点,对男款毛衫织物的原料、设计风格和花型图案进行了分析。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

Heavy metals in vegetables sold in the local market in Jordan

Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in various vegetables (cabbage, green onion, lettuce, parsley, rocket, spinach, carrot, onion, potato and cauliflower) from the market in Jordan were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.009–0.275 mg kg^?1 wet weight, 0.004–0.060 mg kg^?1, 0.003–0.401 mg kg^?1, 0.105–3.51 mg kg^?1, 0.15–1.15 mg kg^?1, 0.93–14.39 mg kg^?1, 0.044–0.702 mg kg^?1, 0.072–0.289 mg kg^?1 and 2.23–6.65 mg kg^?1, respectively. Parsley, followed by spinach, contained the highest concentration of heavy metals. Onion contained high levels of toxic heavy metals. The content of Cu in parsley and spinach and Pb in onion exceeded the Codex limits. However, the daily intake of heavy metals from the tested vegetables was lower than the maximum limits for allowable intake.