基于区分矩阵与近似的支撑矢量机的医学影像库分类策略

针对医学影像库信息量大、关联信息多、对象复杂等特点,将基于区分矩阵的属性约简算法与一种近似的支撑矢量机算法相结合实现了对医学影像库的正常、异常分类。基于区分矩阵的属性约简算法有效地降低了医学影像库的维度,而非线性的近似支撑矢量机算法则克服了标准支撑矢量机在实际应用中表现出来的算法速度慢、算法过于复杂而难于实现以及检测阶段运算量大等缺陷。实践证明了该方法的确具备简单、快速,高效的特点。     

柱顶隔震技术在首层薄弱层框架结构中的应用

为探讨首层柱顶隔震体系工程的应用,以首层架空的某5层医技楼为背景,采用首层柱顶隔震体系对首层为薄弱层的该框架结构进行了设计与分析．时程分析表明,在7度地震作用下,隔震上部结构减震效果明显,下部结构（独立柱）在8度罕遇地震作用下不屈服．独立柱的合理设计不仅能够提高结构的安全度,且不影响架空层的使用功能．验证了该方法不仅在技术上是可靠的,而且在经济上也是可行的．     

基于粗糙逻辑的决策算法之应用

针对条件属性中总是存在若干冗余的属性,粗糙逻辑采用了决策算法进行推理。它通过约简冗余属性及属性值,最终得出极小化决策算法。本文应用粗糙逻辑的知识对决策规则的约简进行了详细的分析,并成功的将之用于了医疗决策系统。     

一种基于粗糙集和模糊推理的生活方式病检查模型

为了实现从大量的医学数据中获取有效的知识并形成规则和做出正确的推理,提出了一种基于粗糙集和距离型模糊推理进行生活方式病检查的模型.采用改进的依赖度属性约简算法研究属性约简,去掉不必要属性,减小规则库规模,提高粗糙集知识发现方法在医疗健康数据上的分类效率和准确性.采用距离型模糊推理方法匹配知识库中已有规则,计算规则和给定事实的距离进行推理检查,构建距离型模糊推理的检查系统.通过实验数据描述了知识库的构建过程,并验证了模型的有效性.     

空难的应急处置及伤员急救

本文根据空难中机场相关单位与航空公司的应急处置及驻地医院对伤者的急救及部分伤员的临床资料进行了较完整的初步分析,并针对诸如航空公司运控系统、机场指挥中心、急诊医院医护人员的明确分工等问题展开讨论。充分认为:对出现空难后,对大批空难伤员,现场的应急救援争分夺秒、行之有效的救援工作十分重要,同时可为后续的治疗赢得时机,并对提高多发性创伤救治成功率具有极其重大的作用。     

一种稳健的非刚性医学影像配准方法

提出了一种基于局部线性嵌入(LLE)和改进的L-BFGS优化算法的非刚性配准新方法．该方法首先计算影像不同方向上的定序特征,用于补充传统互信息测度中缺失的空间结构信息;然后,运用LLE方法及其逆映射对高维定序特征进行降维和融合;进而结合影像灰度信息构造了一种基于混合熵的配准测度,有效保证了配准测度函数的光滑性和收敛性;最后,采用改进的L-BFGS优化方法搜索最优配准参数．多组仿真数据的测试结果表明,在噪声情况下,所提方法具有精度高、鲁棒性强的特点,优于现有几种方法．     

„Doctor knows best“? – Eine Analyse der Arzt-Patient-Beziehung in der TV-KrankenhausserieDr. House

Definition of the problem Ideas of physicians addressed and represented in the media affect public opinion as well as individual views about doctors. This article examines the representation of the medical profession in the U.S. serial dramaHouse M.D., with a focus on the physician–patient relationship between Dr. Gregory House and his patients. Combining the perspectives of medical ethics and media studies, the ethical discussion will be framed and supported by a detailed analysis that considers the show’s dramatic composition as well as the genre history of medical drama.Arguments The analysis of the physician–patient relationship is based on the four categories established by Emanuel/Emanuel. The interdisciplinary investigation reveals that House, the show’s leading character, can be read as a counterpoint to the ‘modern doctor’ and the principles of care, non-directivity, and informed consent. However, this does not mean that House is nothing more than a plea for paternalism. Rather, he should also be evaluated in light of the general ideals of a doctor held in society, e.g., scientific and medical competence or trust in evidence-based medicine.Conclusion The complex conception of House frequently exposes ethical dilemmas of medical care and conflicts between physicians and patients. The impressively dramatized, audiovisual representation of such ethical conflicts within medicine is an important part of the public discourse about the medical profession. Thus, it remains a highly relevant issue for further critical reflection, as well as empirical research on media effects.     

基于物元分析的火电机组节能减排评价

随着国家火电机组的节能减排力度的加大,国内多数火电机组都将进行节能减排技术改造.为了能够合理评价电厂节能减排的潜力和状况,在根据火电厂运行指标的特点建立火电厂节能减排指标体系的基础上,建立了基于物元分析理论的节能减排评价模型,并选取5台发电机组进行实例分析,得出的结果与实际情况相符.这说明物元分析理论对发电机的节能减排改造有指导作用.     

OLAM技术在医疗保险系统中的应用研究

针对OLAM兼有OLAP多维分析的在线性、灵活性以及数据挖掘对数据处理的深入性特点,在医疗保险系统中设计并实现了一个OLAM应用模型.该模型使用浙江省某市医疗保险数据库中2005年的医保数据,建立了面向医疗保险费用和诊断项目为主题的数据仓库,从多维的角度来分析数据仓库的数据,并且运用了Apriori算法挖掘出一些潜在的关联规则例如人们特别关注的“骗保”行为,为医疗决策提供科学有效的依据.     

复杂医疗电子设备辐射干扰技术研究

随着医疗器械行业电磁兼容标准YY0505-2012的发布实施,其电磁兼容问题迫切需要解决.针对复杂医疗电子设备产生的辐射EMI噪声,本文建立两种辐射噪声理论模型,即芯片晶振时钟信号引起的辐射噪声模型以及PCB板软线路板（FPC）引起的辐射噪声模型,并提出相应噪声抑制方法. 实验结果表明,采用文中方法,某型医疗微波治疗仪、医疗尿量监测仪能够通过医疗器械行业电磁兼容标准YY0505-2012标准测试,噪声抑制效果可达10 dBμV/m以上,从而验证了文中方法的有效性.     

低品位镍红土矿直接氢原实验研究

在对单纯镍铁氧化物氢还原热力学分析的基础上,对低品位复杂红土镍矿进行了直接氢还原实验研究,考察了还原时间、还原温度、氮氢混合气体中氢含量对镍铁还原率的影响。对还原产物进行的物相分析表明,由于红土矿组成的复杂性,高温下共熔相产生的粘结和包覆作用使还原率降低。最佳实验条件为还原温度850℃,还原时间40 min,氮氢混合反应气体中氢含量65%,镍和铁的还原率分别达到43%和62%。铁氧化物的还原为分步还原过程。     

基于无线射频识别技术的医疗垃圾信息采集与管理系统设计

运用无线射频识别技术建立基于瘦客户端结构的医疗垃圾信息采集与管理系统,实现医疗垃圾的自动化无害处理。通过该系统,可实现信息采集、运输、定位与管理中数据的实时监控与无线远程传输,以及医疗垃圾调度与管理、运输车端信息监控、数据状态分析与查询等全过程的数字化管理,使医疗垃圾参与方能够随时进行数据的上传与下载。     

Preparation, optical properties and cell staining of water soluble amine-terminated PAMAM G2.0-Au nanocomposites

The solution chemical and optical characteristics of formation of amine-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimer G2.0（NH2-PAMAM G2.0）-Au nanocomposites in the aqueous solution of NH2-PAMAM G2.0 at various mole ratios of Au（Ⅲ） to NH2-PAMAM G2.0 were studied by both UV-visible spectrometry and fluorospectrometry. The NH2-PAMAM G2.0-Au nanocomposites, with a type of structure in which one Au nanoparticle is surrounded by several NH2-PAMAM G2.0 dendrimers, emit strong bluish violet fluorescence, and are uniform, water soluble and biocompatible as well as very stable in frozen conditions. The size of gold nanoparticles in the nanocomposites is about 2.5 nm and decreases with the increase of NH2-PAMAM G2.0 concentration. The NH2-PAMAM G2. 0 plays an important role in acting as host or micro-reactor for Au（Ⅲ） before Au（Ⅲ） reduction and acting as dispersant and stabilizer for gold nanoparticles after Au（Ⅲ） reduction. Preliminary experiments of cells staining to human embryonic lung fibroblast cell lines show that the NH2-PAMAM G2.0-Au nanocomposites can be used as optical imaging markers for bioanalyses and medical diagnoses.     

船舶LCC影响因素分析方法研究

针对影响船舶LCC的因素很多,且各因素之间又相互影响,要根据这些因素建立船舶LCC的估算模型比较困难,提出了综合分析的方法;该方法使用了粗糙集进行聚类分析,对各因素进行初步约简,然后使用关联度进行相关性分析,对各因素进行进一步的约简,最后使用主成分进行主元分析,得到约简后的因素;运用上述方法减少影响船舶LCC因素的维数,降低建立船舶LCC估算模型难度。     

粗糙集分层递阶约简算法在医学诊断中的应用

粗糙集理论的分层递阶约简算法是根据属性的获取方式、采集成本和实时性要求等对属性进行分类,使信息系统或者决策系统中的所有属性在单层次和单粒度上的知识表示变为部分属性所构成的知识在多种层次和多种粒度上的表示,从而可以逐层对决策系统进行约简。分层递阶约简算法在某医学诊断中的应用证实其有效性。     

Hydrogen Reduction and Microstructural Changes of ISF Hot Briquette

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Research on the application of blockchain technology in the sharing of electronic medical records

Electronic health records contain the occurrence, development and treatment of patients' diseases, and have a high medical value. Due to the privacy and sensitivity of medical data, data sharing and privacy protection are key issues for electronic medical records. Aiming at the characteristics of decentralization and tamper resistance of the blockchain, an electronic medical record sharing model based on the blockchain is proposed. First, a private chain and an alliance chain are built to store the encrypted electronic medical and electronic medical's security index records of users, respectively. Second, a combination of distributed key generation technology and a type and identity based proxy re-encryption scheme is proposed, and a multi-center scheme is designed as a data sharing protocol, which uses the entrusted-proof-of-rights-and-interests algorithm to select proxy nodes. Finally, an analysis and calculation of the proposed scheme and the existing scheme in various aspects such as tamper resistance and attack resistance are conducted. The result shows that the scheme consumes less energy in terms of communication overhead and computing power so that it can achieve the safe sharing of medical data effectively.     

低品位红土镍矿的直接氢还原实验研究

在对单纯镍铁氧化物氢还原热力学分析的基础上,对低品位复杂红土镍矿进行了直接氢还原实验研究,考察了还原时间、还原温度、氮氢混合气体中氢含量对镍铁还原率的影响。对还原产物进行的物相分析表明,由于红土矿组成的复杂性,高温下共熔相产生的粘结和包覆作用使还原率降低。最佳实验条件为还原温度850℃,还原时间40 min,氮氢混合反应气体中氢含量65%,镍和铁的还原率分别达到43%和62%。铁氧化物的还原为分步还原过程。     

Empirische Forschung in der Medizinethik: Methodenreflexion und forschungspraktische Herausforderungen am Beispiel eines mixed-method Projekts zur ärztlichen Handlungspraxis am Lebensende

Definition of the problem The contribution of empirical research to medical ethics is part of the current interdisciplinary debate on methods in medical ethics. In contrast to the numerous empirical studies which have been published in medical ethics journals there is scarcity of literature which reflects on methodical challenges of empirical research projects in medical ethics. Arguments The analysis of the relationship between ethics and empirical facts in the context of defined research projects is interesting for several reasons. On one hand such work provides an opportunity to analyse the potential contribution of the research to the medical ethical discourse. On the other hand methodical as well as practical challenges with respect to the planning and conducting of interdisciplinary research can be demonstrated by using a specific piece of interdisciplinary research in medical ethics. In this paper the methodical challenges of applying empirical methods in an interdiscplinary research project on physicians’ practice at the end of life will be presented and discussed. Conclusion The paper gives examples for the potential contribution of empirical research to the medical ethics discourse and provides illustrations for the challenges of such research.     

基于EHR的医疗知识图谱研究与应用综述

电子健康记录(EHR)作为一种医疗信息化手段,在数十年的使用过程中储存和积累了越来越多的医疗过程和结果大数据.知识图谱作为一种从海量数据中抽取结构化知识的手段,近年来在多个行业展示了广阔的应用前景.知识图谱的优势在于对海量、异构的数据进行组织,完成知识推理.知识图谱适用于自然语言的分析,有助于在以自然语言形式存在的海量EHR数据中获得宝贵的医疗知识和医疗经验. EHR分析研究的价值主要集中在辅助诊断、辅助治疗和疾病预测.利用大量的EHR数据构建医疗知识图谱,当新的患者数据来临之时,知识图谱可以发挥查询扩展、临床决策支持和疾病预测等作用.本文首先简要介绍了EHR的发展现状,以及现有著名的EHR数据集及其应用成果.其次,在概括介绍知识图谱发展总体现状基础上,分析了知识图谱在医疗领域的发展趋势和热点迁移.然后,对基于EHR的医疗知识图谱研究与应用进展进行了比较全面的总结,包括EHR的信息抽取、数据整合、查询扩展、临床决策支持和疾病预测等.最后,对该领域未来发展方向和面临的挑战作了展望.