大型透平压缩机机组扭振分析方法及数值比较

大型透平压缩机组的转子系统是齿轮耦合轴系,工程上常用折合法或扭转耦合对这类机组进行扭振分析.通过数值计算将这两种方法与弯扭耦合计算方法进行了比较与分析,结果表明,目前工程中广泛使用的折合法或扭转耦合算法不能完全反映该类机组的扭转动力学特性,存在缺陷.为了使机组避免一切有害的扭转振动,在进行机组扭振分析时,必须考虑机组转子横向振动对扭转振动的影响,应用弯扭耦合振动理论进行系统分析.     

摩擦系数对轴向推力作用下碰摩转子振动特性的影响

推导建立了轴向推力作用下的碰摩转子非线性动力学方程。以转定子间摩擦系数为控制参数,对碰摩转子系统横向振动和轴向振动行为进行了数值仿真。分析表明:转子与定子间摩擦系数对转子系统横向振动和轴向振动特性的影响非常明显,摩擦系数越大,转子系统振动越复杂。随着摩擦系数的增加,转子系统由简单的周期振动突变为拟周期振动。增大摩擦系数,以转速比为控制参数的系统轴向振动的复杂运动区范围变大,且复杂运动区的振动幅值也有增大趋势。分析结果对旋转机械碰摩故障的识别提供了理论依据。     

某涡扇发动机转子系统稳定裕度及其灵敏度分析

某型涡扇发动机转子系统由3个单转子系统构成。将该三转子系统在耦合处分开,把耦合力作为单个转子上的外力,并利用集总参数法和各节点的振动微分方程表达式建立单个转子的振动方程。利用各转子间耦合部件的总体耦合矩阵将单个转子的振动方程耦合在一起,建立了整个三转子系统的振动微分方程。通过求解整个系统的振动微分方程,得到整个系统所有模态的对数衰减率,并进一步求出系统的稳定裕度和其灵敏度。研究结论表明：提高高压转子轴承的阻尼和高压转子的弯曲刚度可以有效提高系统的稳定裕度;联轴器的存在和转子转速的提高都会降低转子系统的稳定裕度。     

Theoretical and experimental study on non-linear vibration characteristic of gear transmission system

In order to investigate the vibration of gear transmission system with clearance, a vibratory test-bed of the gear transmission system was designed. The non-linear dynamic model of the system was presented, with consideration of the effects of nonlinear dynamic gear mesh excitation, flexible rotors and bearings. Integration method was used to investigate the non-linear dynamic response of the system. The results imply that when the mesh frequency is near the natural frequency of gear pair, it is the first primary resonance, the bifurcation appears, and the vibration becomes to be chaotic motion rapidly. When the speed is close to the natural frequency of the first-order bending vibration, it is the second primary resonance, the periodic motion changes to chaos by period doubling bifurcation. The vibratory measurement of test-bed of the gear transmission system was performed. Accelerometers were employed to measure the high frequency vibration. Experimental results show that the vibration acceleration of the gear transmission system includes mesh frequency and sideband. The numerical calculation results of low speed can be validated by experimental results basically. It means that the presented non-linear dynamic model of the gear transmission system is right.     

转子动态过程弯扭耦合振动的仿真和实验

利用弯扭耦合振动微分方程,仿真研究了弯曲振动与扭转振动的相互影响。研究结 果表明,轴系上的不平衡使得弯曲振动和扭转振动之间产生耦合,导致轴系上发生扭转振动。 当轴系上发生扭矩冲击时,将发生频率为固有频率的扭转振动,弯振的振幅稍有增大。实验 研究证实了仿真研究的结果。仿真研究表明,当轴系转速在弯扭耦合区而没有发生弯扭耦合 时,扭矩冲击可能会导致转子发生较大的弯曲振动和扭转振动。     

电磁轴承陀螺力矩耦合及其交叉解耦分析

对飞轮类转子的电磁轴承的陀螺力矩耦合现象进行分析,并对径向四自由度系统建模,应用软件方法在控制中对其进行速度交叉解耦补偿．系统解耦前后的仿真对比表明,消除了陀螺力矩耦合对系统在高速下的稳定裕度的影响,并提出了低、高速采用不同控制方法的新思想．     

转子系统磁控挤压油膜阻尼器

为了使传统挤压油膜阻尼器的动力特性可控，基于电涡流效应提出了一种新型磁控挤压油膜阻尼器.在一个悬臂柔性转子系统上详细地测量了在不同磁场强度条件下新型磁控挤压油膜阻尼器支撑的转子系统在非旋转状态下的频响函数、在恒定转速下的运动轨道以及在慢加速运行过程中的不平衡响应曲线，并研究了磁控挤压油膜阻尼器对转子系统的振动进行主动控制的可能性.结果表明，通过调整阻尼器间隙中的磁场强度就能够对阻尼器的动力特性进行控制.在设计合理的条件下磁控挤压油膜阻尼器能够显著地抑制转子系统的振动.随着磁场强度的增大，转子系统在各阶共振转速区的振动减小，共振转速向低转速方向移动.在磁场强度工作范围内，磁场强度越大，阻尼器的减振效果越好.     

转子轴承系统涡动的稳定性分析

转子系统的运动稳定性是力学中的重要研究课题,它直接关系到汽轮机组运行的安全性与可靠性。基于Muszynska转子动力学模型,采用短轴承理论,对转子非线性振动的稳定性进行了分析研究。采用局部线性化方法,分析判断了转子涡动方程零解和自激振动极限环的稳定性,确定了转子运动的稳定性条件。在极坐标系下首次给出了用3个状态方程表示的转子系统运动的简捷方程。主要分析了转速、流体润滑粘度和轴承的结构参数对转子运动稳定性的影响。     

悬臂双盘-轴承转子系统幅频特性分析

目的研究转子系统幅频特性抑制振幅,为提出一种更优化的鉴别方法——振幅跳跃.方法建立具有碰摩故障的八个自由度悬臂双盘-轴承转子系统的力学数学模型,利用计算机数值模拟分析系统的幅频特性.结果该转子系统存在两个临界转速;阻尼能有效地抑制振幅,但当阻尼达到一定值时,再增大阻尼对抑制振幅效果不明显,阻尼使一阶临界转速提高、工作转数范围变窄;碰摩使一阶临界转速提高,共振振幅增大,在低频段出现振幅跳跃现象,随着碰摩间隙的减小,振幅跳跃现象更加复杂.结论在振幅跳跃转速范围,系统的拓扑结构发生了变化,故会出现混沌运动,为研究混沌运动提供一种新的方法.     

大型汽轮发电机组碰摩引起的振动突变机理

研究大型汽轮发电机组运行过程中碰摩引起的振动突变现象及其机理.研究结果表明:转子与定子之间的碰摩使得转子系统的刚度由线性刚度演变成非线性刚度,导致转子系统的振动行为发生变化;动静碰摩,在转子上施加了一个热不平衡量,这个热不平衡分量与原始不平衡量合成后,产生一个旋转的综合不平衡;当综合不平衡量达到最大值时,在非线性转子系统上施加一个很大的作用力,从而使转子的振动发生突变.控制转子的原始不平衡量和碰摩引起的热不平衡量是控制转子振动突变的根本措施.     

Super-harmonic responses analysis for a cracked rotor system considering inertial excitation

In this paper, an investigation on the nonlinear vibration, especially on the super-harmonic resonances, in a cracked rotor system is carried out to provide a novel idea for the detection of crack faults in rotor systems. The motion equations of the system are formulated with the consideration of the additional excitation from an inertial environment as well as the forced excitation of the rotor unbalance. By using the harmonic balance method, the analytical solutions of the equations with four orders of harmonic exponents are obtained to analyze the nonlinear response of the system. Then through numerical calculations, the vibration responses affected by system parameters including the inertial excitation, the forced excitation, the crack and damping factors are investigated in detail. The results show that the occurrence of the super-harmonic resonances of the rotor system is due to the interaction between crack breathing and the inertial excitation. Correspondingly, the super-harmonic responses are significantly affected by the inertial excitation and the crack stiffness(or depth). The rotor unbalance, however, does not make apparent effects on the super-harmonic responses. Consequently, the super-harmonic resonances peaks can be viewed as an identification signal of the crack fault due to the application of the inertial excitation. By utilizing the inertial excitation, the super-harmonic response signals in rotor systems with early crack faults can be amplified and detected more easily.     

主动电磁轴承失效后转子坠落在备用轴承上的动力学

采用有限元法建立了由滚动轴承组成的具有固定间隙的备用轴承-电磁轴承-柔性转子系统在电磁轴承失效前后的动力学方程，分析了转子的初始坠落位置、转速、转子不平衡量以及备用轴承的支撑阻尼和刚度对转子在坠落过程中的瞬态动力特性的影响。结果表明，即便转子系统在工作时的振动很小，初始脱离位置对转子在坠落过程中的动力特性具有明显的影响；柔性备用轴承的采用，特别是具有较大阻尼的备用轴承，不仅可以减小电磁轴承失效后转子在坠落过程中的振动及碰撞力，而且能够抑制在长时间内具有较大振动和碰撞力的在全间隙范围内的反向回转运动；随着转子不平衡量、备用轴承的支撑刚度及转子转速的增大，在坠落过程中备用轴承所受到的碰撞力和转子在全间隙范围内出现回转运动的可能性增大。     

轴向运动屈曲梁非线性振动研究

为解决屈曲梁在不同的激励条件下产生共振问题,基于哈密顿原理建立屈曲梁的振动模型以及非线性偏微分振动方程和边界条件,通过数值模拟分析了屈曲梁在相平面的动态特性.采用多模态伽辽金离散法预测静态弯曲参数,通过局部分析获得某一个弯曲附近处的非线性近似响应,并得出有效的非线性表达式和频率响应曲线.     

滑动轴承支承转子系统非线性不平衡响应研究

本文使用非线性分析方法，研究了透平机械中常用的几种滑动轴承支承转子系统的非线不平衡响应问题。联立动态Ｒｅｙｎｏｌｄｓ方程和转子运动微分方程，通过数值逐步积分法，求解了具有大不平衡的转子的运动轨迹极限环。研究结果表明：可倾瓦轴承抑制大不平衡振动的能力最强。其次是圆轴承。而椭圆轴承和三油叶轴承较差。     

永磁同步电动机振动分析及转子设计

永磁同步电动机转子内开有大量用于安装永磁体的磁槽和用于装配起动笼条的转子槽。而使转子结构趋于复杂．冲片强度受到了严重削弱，转子刚度也有所减小，另外。大功率稀土永磁同步电动机在起动和运行过程中，由于机械和电磁等原因而产生的振动非常严重．为此。对大功率异步起动稀土永磁同步电动机的振动和转子的结构强度进行了分析，并设计出了合理的转子结构．     

变转速倾转旋翼机多体系统气弹响应分析

基于多体动力学方法建立了考虑机翼/旋翼刚柔耦合的倾转旋翼机过渡状态气弹响应分析模型,通过引入倾转过程旋翼尾迹弯曲影响,修正了直升机旋翼常规动态入流模型.集成非定常动态入流方程与倾转过渡状态的多体动力学方程,建立了倾转旋翼机过渡状态下时域非定常耦合分析模型.以半展长弹性机翼全铰接式倾转旋翼机模型为例,分析了倾转旋翼机倾转过渡状态气弹响应时间历程.数值计算表明:建立的时域模型能够快速有效分析了倾转旋翼机过渡状态的气弹特性,能够捕捉变转速倾转旋翼机的机翼/旋翼间复杂的气弹耦合特性.     

A new hybrid piezoelectric ultrasonic motor with two stators

A new hybrid piezoelectric ultrasonic motor, which consists of one rotor and two stators, was proposed in this paper. In order to match the resonance frequencies of longitudinal vibration and torsional vibration excited in the stators, a symmetrical structure was adopted in design of the motor. A so-called mass matching method, namely adding two rings to the outside circumference of the two stators respectively, was used to adjust the resonance frequencies of these two vibrations. A finite element model was developed using ANSYS software for the purpose of analyzing the resonance frequencies of longitudinal vibration and torsional vibration as well as the function of the adjusting rings. The results show that the resonance frequency of torsional vibration varies with the position of the ring, but the resonance frequency of longitudinal vibration changes little. By means of adjusting the mass and the position of the rings, the first order resonance frequency of longitudinal vibration is coincided with that of torsional vibration and the value is 20.75kHz. An experimental prototype motor was fabricated according to the analytical results and its performance is in agreement with the theoretical predictions. The speed of motor reaches the maximum 92r/min at the working frequency 19.0kHz.     

Analysis on Nonlinear Dynamic Properties of Dual-Rotor System

In order to clarify the effects of support structure on a dual-rotor machine, a dynamic model is established which takes into consideration the contact force of ball bearing and the cubic stiffness of elastic support. Bearing clearance, Hertz contact between the ball and race and the varying compliance effect are included in the model of ball bearing. The system response is obtained through numerical integration method, and the vibration due to the periodic change of bearing stiffness is investigated. The motions of periodic, quasi-periodic and even chaotic are found when bearing clearance is used as control parameter to simulate the response of rotor system. The results reveal two typical routes to chaos: quasi-periodic bifurcation and intermittent bifurcation. Large cubic stiffness of elastic support may cause jump and hysteresis phenomena in resonance curve when rotors run at the critical-speed region. The modeling results acquired by numerical simulation will contribute to understanding and controlling of the nonlinear behaviors of the dual-rotor system.     

爪式氢气循环泵高密封型转子及瞬态流动特性

爪式压缩机具有结构紧凑、干式无油和可靠性高等显著优点，是最具潜力的氢气循环泵泵型。传统爪式氢气循环泵转子间采用点与点的啮合方式，导致氢气在此处产生严重的泄漏，降低泵的容积效率，制约爪式氢气循环泵的发展。为减小爪式转子间的气体泄漏、提高泵的容积效率，本研究采用圆弧、高次曲线及其共轭曲线代替传统爪式转子的节圆型线，提出一种爪式转子间的新型曲折型啮合结构，进而构建一种新型高密封型齿轮爪式转子，有效解决了爪式转子间的气体泄漏问题。同时，建立新型齿轮爪式转子的几何模型，推导其截面型线方程。在工作过程中，对具有复杂几何边界的爪式氢气循环泵的内部气体的非定常流动进行数值模拟，对比分析了传统泵和新型泵工作腔内部的压力分布和瞬态流动特征；搭建了爪式氢气循环泵性能实验平台，验证了数值模拟结果的准确性。结果表明，相比于传统爪式转子，在压缩和排气过程中新型齿轮爪式转子间气体泄漏速度减小了31.42%和33.09%,容积效率提高了10.92%。     

非线性弹性支承对转子系统瞬态过程的影响

转子系统在启动、停车等瞬态过程中常常会产生剧烈的振动,如果让转子系统快速通过共振区则可以有效地降低转子系统瞬态过程的最大振幅．但是实际工况表明,有时转子通过设计的临界转速达到工作转速之后,振幅仍然很大,这一现象利用线性转子系统模型不能得到合理的解释．本文考虑转子支承非线性刚度的影响,建立了转子—支承系统的多自由度非线性模型,利用摄动理论和数值仿真解释了这一现象．此外本文还定量研究了起动、制动加速度的大小对转子系统瞬态过程最大振幅的影响．