低温甲醇洗净煤气硫含量超标浅析

低温甲醇洗是一种节能型的酸性气体净化工艺。本文介绍了低温甲醇洗净化流程、基本原理。利用甲醇的选择性吸收特性,在高压、低温条件下,甲醇对CO2、H2S进行选择性吸收。重点讨论了影响因素如甲醇浓度、甲醇循环量、温度、压力等对净煤气总硫含量的影响及相应的调整措施。     

环氧/蒙脱土复合涂层的制备及在H2S/CO2环境中的耐热防腐性能研究

通过优化固化工艺、有机蒙脱土含量及树脂组分改善环氧涂层的耐热性,制备应用于高温H2S/CO2腐蚀环境中的环氧耐热防腐涂层,采用高温高压釜试验测试了涂层的耐热防腐效果。结果表明:适当的高温处理能显著提高基体树脂的玻璃化转变温度;环氧树脂在80℃机械搅拌条件下插入有机蒙脱土的层间,质量分数为3%的有机蒙脱土在基体中分散均一,为插层/剥离混合型复合结构,兼顾材料的热机械性能和阻隔性能;清漆涂层的玻璃化转变温度为153.7℃,其防腐涂层在150℃以下含H2S/CO2的油气环境中的防腐效果良好,说明玻璃化转变温度作为防腐涂层的使用上限温度是可行的。     

温度对80SS油管钢腐蚀行为的影响

模拟含H2S/CO2高温高压井下腐蚀环境,研究温度对80SS油管钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:随着温度升高,80SS油管钢的腐蚀速率呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在100℃时腐蚀速率达到最大(6.13 mm/a);150℃时腐蚀速率下降到4.14mm/a.随着温度升高,材料表面形成的腐蚀产物膜由致密、覆盖均匀逐渐变得颗粒粗大且疏松,当温度超过100℃时,腐蚀产物膜又变得颗粒较小且致密;膜的厚度也呈现先增加后减小的趋势;80SS油管钢的腐蚀形态为均匀腐蚀;在温度低于100℃时腐蚀产物膜主要由FeCO3和FeS0.9组成;高温(150℃)时,腐蚀中夹杂了Fe的氧化,产物膜主要由FeO(OH)、FeCO3和FeS0.9组成.     

铜基低变催化剂H2S中毒机理热力学分析

为掌握CO变换制氢过程中催化剂中毒机理,采用热力学非均相反应体系中G ibbs自由能最小原理,分析了铜基低温变换催化剂在463.15—523.15 K内H2S中毒过程中可能发生的化学反应及其产物,并结合文献实验结果综合讨论了铜基低温变换催化剂的H2S中毒机理。结果表明:催化剂的H2S中毒过程中,硫酸盐和积碳会造成催化剂的暂时性中毒,生成Cu2S和CuS化合物造成永久性中毒;O2的存在会加快催化剂的中毒反应;铜基低温变换催化剂不适合用于含高体积分数CO原料气的变换反应过程。     

CO2/H2S对油气管材的腐蚀规律

综述了CO2 、H2 S对油气管材的腐蚀机理及影响因素 ,提出了开发经济型油管的设想。     

SOLUBILITY OF CO2AND H2S IN A MIXED SOLVENT

Mixed solvents are a combination of chemical and physical solvents and have some advantages over traditional treating solvents for the removal of acid gases from gas streams. The solubility of H₂S and CO₂in a mixed solvent consisting of AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol), sulfolane, and water has been measured at 40 and 100°C at partial pressures of the acid gas to 6000 kPa. The solubility in the mixed solvent was compared with the solubility in an aqueous solution of equivalent amine concentration. At solution loadings less than 1 mol acid gas/mol amine, the solubility of the acid gas is lower in the mixed solvent than in the corresponding amine solvent. At higher loadings, the trend is reversed and the solubility is greater in the mixed solvent. The results are rationalized in terms of the effect of the physical solvent component on the chemical reaction and physical vapor-liquid equilibria. The solubility model of Deshmukh and Mather was used to correlate the data.     

凝析油直馏液化气管线腐蚀分析及应对措施

福海创石油化工有限公司一套凝析油分离装置直馏液化气管线直管段局部腐蚀破裂,通过对工艺、物料、设备、腐蚀产物进行分析,判断腐蚀机理,确定该管线的腐蚀成因及合理应对措施。     

SIMULTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF H2S AND CO2 INTO A SOLUTION OF SODIUM CARBONATE

The simultaneous absorption of H₂S and CO₂ has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. A model has been developed which predicts the absorption rates of H₂S and CO₂ into a sodium carbonate solution. The absorption rates are calculated according to the two-film theory. In the liquid film, the finite rate of the CO₂ reaction was considered. Otherwise, in the liquid film as well as in the liquid bulk, equilibrium conditions for all reactions were assumed. Absorption experiments were performed on a packed column using a counter-flow strategy. In the experiments the influence of the initial carbonate concentration, the gas flow rate and the temperature on the removal efficiencies of H₂S and CO₂ and the selectivity of H₂S were investigated. It is desirable to absorb the H₂S but not the CO₂. The agreement between the absorption model and the experimental results from the absorber tower was satisfactory. The mass transfer coefficients were determined by fitting the experimental data to the model with respect to the H₂S and CO₂ content in the outgoing gas. The H₂S content was used to determine the gas side mass transfer coefficient and the CO₂ content was used to determine the liquid side mass transfer coefficient, The effective contact area of mass transfer was taken from published data. With a constant packing height, both the experiments and the model indicated that high carbonate concentration benefits the removal efficiency of H₂S. Higher gas flow rate also benefits the selectivity for H₂S. However, the removal efficiency will decrease. At higher temperatures the selectivity and the removal efficiency of H₂S decreased. Under the conditions investigated, the absorption of H₂S was essentially controlled by gas-side mass transfer and the absorption of CO₂ was controlled by liquid-side mass transfer     

低温甲醇洗工艺在30万吨甲醇中的应用

介绍了河南煤业化工集团义马气化厂30万t/a甲醇项目配套的低温甲醇洗工艺流程,分析了该工艺设计的特点;实践证明低温甲醇洗在实际应用中能够对酸性气体进行有效的脱除,净化气质量稳定,可以满足甲醇工段和城市煤气的生产需求。     

SIMULTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN HOT CARBONATE SOLUTIONS IN A PACKED ABSORBER-STRIPPER UNIT

An experimental investigation for the simultaneous absorption of CO₂ and H₂S in 20 wt% hot K₂CO₃ solution have been conducted in a pilot scale packed absorber-stripper. The effects of liquid circulation rate, gas flow rate, inlet gas composition, steam pressure at bottom of stripper, and DEA promoter concentration, on the individual gas removal % and stripping efficiency were studied. The results showed that the performance of the absorber and stripper influenced one another and so must be considered together.     

MODELLING OF EQUILIBRIUM SOLUBILITY OF CO2 AND H2S IN AQUEOUS AMINO METHYL PROPANOL (AMP) SOLUTIONS

Information on acid gas solubility in solvents utilized is needed for the design of gas plants. A mathematical model for the prediction of equilibrium solubility of CO₂ and H₂S in aqueous 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol (AMP) solutions is presented. The equilibrium constant, K₁ governing the main amine reaction is expressed as a function of not only temperature but also acid gas partial pressure and AMP concentration. Model predictions agree favourably with experimental data.     

HYSYS模拟在换热器计算中的应用

随着流程模拟技术在炼油化工生产中的不断推广应用,越来越多的装置已经开始通过模拟来优化装置的操作,从而提高企业的经济效益。通过使用HYSYS.Process稳态流程模拟软件平台,建立生产装置部分模型,进行换热结构调整,计算新添加换热器所需的换热面积。     

52万t/a尿素装置中低温甲醇洗工艺流程及设计特点

介绍了国电赤峰化工一期工程52万t/a尿素项目配套的低温甲醇洗工艺流程,分析了该工艺流程的设计特点:采用真空鼓风机抽真空,提高了甲醇半贫液的贫度、CO2产品气的纯度;采用CO2吸收塔,可同时处理来自H2S吸收塔的脱硫气和甲烷转化装置来的转化气;变换气冷却器采用缠绕式换热器,可降低能耗等。生产实践表明,采用低温甲醇洗技术能够有效脱除酸性气体,且净化气质量稳定,可满足合成氨工段和生产尿素的需求。     

小型天然气膨胀液化工艺模拟及研究

国内油气资源分散、单井产量小,边远地区的油气资源较丰富,可以利用小型液化天然气装置制成LNG后外输,同时小型天然气膨胀液化工艺又是我国LNG研究工作的重点。利用Aspen Hysys软件对N2-CH4膨胀制冷液化流程进行模拟、研究和分析,得出影响该流程的主要参数:制冷剂高压压力、主换热器出口温度、制冷剂氮气含量、天然气进料压力和LNG储存压力对液化率和比功耗的影响。     

管道用酚醛环氧树脂内涂层失效分析

使用电化学工作站中的交流阻抗实验、结合高温高压釜实验以及端口扫描电镜（SEM）分析技术,研究了酚醛环氧树脂管道内涂层在含饱和H2S／CO2的3．5％NaCl（质量分数）水溶液中不同温度下的失效规律。结果表明,在电化学交流阻抗测试中,随着温度（50℃、70℃、90℃）的升高,涂层失效减缓：在高温高压釜16h实验后,涂层表观正常（未出现起泡、开裂、表面颜色无明显变化）、附着力良好：结合端口扫描电镜（SEM）技术,进一步证明温度升商会导致涂层在含H2S／CO2的3．5％NaCl溶液中失效减缓。     

CATALYTIC PRODUCTION OF ELEMENTAL SULFUR FROM THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF H2S IN THE PRESENCE OF CO2

The feasibility of using a cobalt-molybdenum (Co-Mo) sulfide catalyst that was prepared from a commercial Co-Mo oxide catalyst for the production of elemental sulfur from hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in a packed bed catalytic reactor was studied. It was demonstrated that the desired sulfide catalyst could be prepared by first reducing, then sulphiding the corresponding oxide. The results showed that the prepared catalyst was capable of producing elemental sulfur from the thermal decomposition of H₂S in the presence of CO₂ over a temperature range of 465-700°C and at atmospheric pressure. A specific rate coefficient was calculated as well as the Arrhenius parameters for the non-equilibrated reaction. The H₂S decomposition reaction was found to be a second order reaction and have an activation energy of 114.4kJ/mol(27.3kcal/mol).