超声辅助提取异枝麒麟菜硫酸酯多糖的工艺优化

对异枝麒麟菜硫酸酯多糖(ESSP)的超声辅助提取工艺进行研究,通过单因素试验和正交试验对该提取工艺进行优化。确定最佳工艺条件为超声时间20min、超声功率150W、料液(水)比1:90(g/mL),多糖的提取率达48.14%,所得的多糖含量96.94%,硫酸酯基含量19.66%。并与热水提取法进行比较,采用优化工艺提取的多糖提取率、多糖含量和硫酸酯基含量比热水提取法分别提高12.08%、8.07% 和1.41%。两种方法所得ESSP 均不含蛋白质和核酸,红外光谱显示其均含有糖的特征峰和硫酸酯基特征峰。     

超声辅助提取海带褐藻多糖硫酸酯的工艺研究

通过单因素试验和正交试验对海带褐藻多糖硫酸酯的超声辅助提取工艺进行优化。确定最佳工艺条件为超声功率250 W、超声时间25 min、料液比1∶70(g/m L)、温度60℃,多糖提取率达5.58%,粗多糖中岩藻糖含量20.93%,硫酸酯基含量26.87%,均高于热水法提取的多糖。热水提取方法和超声辅助提取方法所得的多糖均不含蛋白质和核酸,超声辅助提取的多糖色素更少。     

响应面法优化香椿叶多糖的提取条件

以香椿叶多糖提取率(Y1)和香椿叶多糖含量(Y2)为响应值,利用响应面法对香椿叶多糖提取工艺进行多目标同步优化。根据统计模型发现液料比、提取时间、提取温度3个因素均对香椿叶多糖提取率和多糖含量有显著影响。由响应面三维图及等高线叠加图推测得到香椿叶多糖提取率与含量均较高的最佳提取工艺参数为液料比40:1(mL/g)、提取时间3.1h、提取温度75℃。验证优化工艺参数得到多糖提取率为4.75%、多糖含量为58.5%,与模型预测值非常接近,采用响应面法对香椿叶多糖提取条件进行优化合理可行。     

响应面法优化亚临界水萃取黑木耳多糖工艺

利用响应面法对亚临界水萃取法提取木耳多糖的工艺条件进行优化。以木耳粉末为材料,研究温度、时间、液料比、压力对木耳多糖提取率的影响,用苯酚-硫酸法检测木耳多糖的含量,基于单因素试验结果,采用Box-Behnken试验设计,最终确定木耳多糖的最佳提取工艺,并与其他提取方法进行比较。经过响应面试验优化,最佳提取条件为:温度152℃,时间26 min,液料比131∶1(m L/g),提取压力1.0 MPa,此条件下木耳多糖提取率为24.51%。利用亚临界水萃取法,木耳多糖提取率得到大幅提高,与传统的热水浸提法相比提高了3.82倍,为木耳多糖的工业化生产提供了一种高效环保技术。     

黄花菜多糖的提取工艺及含量测定

采用单因子试验和L9(33)正交试验设计对水浴提取黄花菜多糖的最佳工艺条件进行了优化,并对苯酚—硫酸法测定黄花菜多糖作了修正。结果表明:提取黄花菜多糖的最佳工艺条件为:温度80℃、浸提6h、料液比1∶15时,黄花菜多糖的提取率最高,多糖含量为2.68%。并以此计算出苯酚—硫酸法葡萄糖标准曲线测黄花菜多糖的换算因子为4.2。     

响应面法优化天冬多糖的提取条件

以天冬多糖提取率(Y1)和含量(Y2)为响应值,利用响应面法对天冬多糖提取工艺进行多目标同步优化。根据统计模型发现3 个影响因素--提取时间、提取温度、液料比均对多糖提取率和含量有显著影响。由响应面三维及等高线叠加图推测得到天冬多糖提取率与含量均较高的最佳提取工艺参数为提取时间4.2h,提取温度78℃,液料比22:1(mL/g)。验证优化工艺参数得到多糖提取率达到5.24%,多糖含量达到26.42%,与模型预测值非常接近。采用响应面法对天冬多糖提取条件进行优化合理可行。     

王不留行多糖提取工艺研究及其含量测定

采用水提醇沉提取工艺,运用单因素实验和正交实验,以多糖提取率为评价指标,确定王不留行多糖的最佳提取工艺条件。多糖含量测定方法采用酶解-苯酚-硫酸法。结果表明,王不留行多糖最佳工艺条件为提取温度100℃,提取时间2h,水料比10∶1（mL/g）,提取次数为3次。在此优化条件下的多糖提取率为29.32%。王不留行经清炒炮制后,多糖提取率降为22.15%。      

响应面法优化白芷水溶性多糖提取工艺的研究

目的采用响应面法优化白芷水溶性多糖的提取工艺。方法用苯酚-硫酸比色法测定白芷水溶性多糖在波长490nm处的吸光度,计算多糖提取率并以此为实验指标,在单因素实验的基础之上,选取提取温度、提取时间、液料比为考察因素,利用Box-Bebnken方法进行三因素三水平实验设计。结果单因素最佳试验条件为液料比100:1(mL:g),提取时间90 min,提取温度70℃;响应面法优选出白芷水溶性多糖最佳提取工艺参数为液料比102:1(mL:g),提取时间90min,提取温度68℃,在该优化条件下多糖实际提取率7.35%±0.005%。结论本研究优化的白芷水溶性多糖的提取工艺方便、稳定。     

单因素考察黄芪多糖提取条件

目的考察不同提取方式和不同因素水平对黄芪多糖提取率的影响。方法采用苯酚-硫酸法,以多糖含量为指标,考察提取方式、料液比、提取时间、醇沉浓度对黄芪多糖提取率的影响。结果黄芪多糖的最佳提取工艺为:超声提取70min,料液比1:20,70%乙醇沉淀。结论不同提取方式和不同因素水平对黄芪多糖提取效果有显著影响,本研究为黄芪多糖提取工艺的进一步优化和药材质量评价提供了实验依据。     

荔枝肉水溶性多糖提取工艺优化

目的：以荔枝肉为原料,采用水溶剂提取技术从荔枝肉中提取水溶性多糖。方法：在单因素试验基础上,通过响应面试验分析方法优化水溶剂提取荔枝肉水溶性多糖的最佳工艺参数,并对多糖含量进行测定。结果：水溶剂提取的最佳工艺参数为荔枝肉与水的比例1:17(g/mL)、提取温度90.5℃、提取时间4.0h。此时的响应值即提取率达到10.06%。提取所得的粗多糖,用苯酚-硫酸法对其含量进行测定,结果多糖平均含量为6.71%。结论：响应面法优化荔枝肉多糖提取工艺参数是可行的。     

足浴盐中草药提取物中总黄酮含量测定

采用分光光度法测定了足浴盐中草药植物提取物中总黄酮的含量,检测波长为510nm,标准曲线相关系数为R=0.9995,平均加标回收率为100.50%.结果表明：此法准确度较高,可用于足浴盐中草药提取物中总黄酮成分分析.     

提高酵母抽提物得率的工艺条件

以啤酒废酵母为原料 ,研究了影响酵母抽提物得率的因素和提高酵母抽提物得率的方法。结果表明 ,机械破碎可缩短自溶时间 ,提高酵母抽提物氨基酸态氮含量和得率 ,且以高压均质法破碎效果为好 ;均质条件是 1 0 %酵母悬浮液于 3 5MPa二次均质。均质后在 5 5℃、pH5 5下自溶4h ,添加 0 8%木瓜蛋白酶 (以酵母干重计 )自溶 2 8h ,酵母抽提液中氨基酸态氮含量达 7 1 4g/L ,得率 69 47% ,风味醇厚 ,与以NaCl为自溶促进剂的酵母抽提液相比 ,氨基酸态氮含量增加42 97% ,得率净增 2 1 97%。     

广西茉莉花叶总黄酮的提取及对羟自由基的清除作用研究

利用茉莉花叶植物资源,避免资源浪费,探讨茉莉花总黄酮的提取,鉴别以及对羟自由基的清除作用。采用超声波乙醇回流提取法从广西茉莉花叶中提取黄酮类物质,对所提取的黄酮类的物质进行鉴别,并采用分光光度法测定含量,用茉莉花叶总黄酮对羟自由基清除作用进行试验。测得样品中总黄酮的含量C=0.5450mg/mL,回收率为102.5%,其纯度及产率均高。该方法采用全物理过程,无任何污染,是提取茉莉花叶黄酮类物质的有效途径,茉莉花叶总黄酮提取液对Fenton体系产生的羟自由基有很好的清除作用。     

Antioxidant activities and composition of extracts from chilli

The extract yields obtained by three methods in different solvents from chilli were compared. The antioxidant activities of chilli extracts vs. butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was determined through the peroxide value (POV), the beta‐carotene bleaching assay and the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. The results showed that the extract yields by three extract methods, namely, Soxhlet, ultrasonic wave and saturation, were 16.32%, 15.78% and 11.62%, respectively, when 85% ethanol acted as solvent. The extracting efficiency of solvent from high to low was 95% ethanol > ethyl acetate > anhydrous ethanol > distilled water. The total phenol content of chilli extracts from ultrasonic wave with 85% ethanol as solvent was 73.91 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram extracts and the value of inhibitory capacity IC₅₀ on free radical (DPPH) was 38.99 mg mL^?1. The POV of chilli extracts was close to that of BHT. The ultrasonic wave was more helpful for the extraction of antioxidant substance from chilli than other methods. In addition, the composition of chilli extracts was analysed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrum (GC‐MS).     

鲷鱼鳞多肽-木糖美拉德反应产物的制备、结构与功能

探索反应时间、木糖（xylose,Xyl）与鲷鱼鳞多肽（fish scale peptides,FSP）质量比、Xyl与FSP总质量浓度、初始pH值和反应温度对Xyl与FSP美拉德反应的影响,并对在Xyl与FSP质量比1.3∶1、Xyl与FSP总质量浓度78?mg/mL、初始pH?11.85、反应温度100?℃、反应时间4.05?h工艺条件下所得产物进行表征。荧光光谱、红外光谱、游离氨基含量以及N-三（羟甲基）甲基甘氨酸-十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳过碘酸Schiff碱染色等结构分析,表明FSP与Xyl经美拉德反应后发生共价交联,肽链结构发生变化且形成了新的化合物;1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基、2,2’-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐自由基、羟自由基以及还原力测定表明,FSP经美拉德反应后抗氧化活性显著增加（P＜0.05）;多酚氧化酶活性测定及苹果褐变实验表明,鲷鱼鳞多肽美拉德反应产物（FSP-MRPs）具有多酚氧化酶抑制活性,其IC50值为0.54?mg/mL,其可能机理为FSP-MRPs具有Cu2＋螯合特性,其螯合位点与抗氧化基团密切相关。     

龟苓膏中绿原酸含量测定及衰减跟踪监测

提出了高效液相色谱法测定龟苓膏中绿原酸含量的方法.样品经50％甲醇超声提取,以Gemini-C18色谱柱(250 mmnx4.60mm,5μm)为分离柱,以甲醇-0.4％瞵酸溶液(22:78)为流动相,用紫外检测器于327nm处检测,外标法定量.方法检出限为0.05μg/mL,加标回收率为97％,相对标准偏差(n=6)...     

索氏法与超声波辅助提取甜橙橙皮苷比较研究

为了确定从甜橙果皮中提取橙皮苷的高效方法,比较了索氏法和超声波辅助提取的效果。考虑到不同提取条件,即溶剂浓度、液固比、提取时间、提取次数和超声波功率的影响,采用单因素及正交设计比较这两种方法提取橙皮苷的效果,并用RP-HPLC法测定提取液中橙皮苷的含量。结果表明,超声波法辅助提取3个甜橙品种果皮中橙皮苷的平均含量高于索氏提取法的26.5%～34.6%,用这两种方法提取橙皮苷的数量达到统计学上的显著差异。超声波辅助提取法能真实地反映甜橙果皮中橙皮苷的含量,具有操作简便、省时的优点。建议柑橘果实橙皮苷的测定和提取可采用超声波辅助法。     

三裂蟛蜞菊茎总黄酮含量的提取及其抗氧化性研究

本实验对从三裂蟛蜞菊茎中提取总黄酮的工艺进行优化,并对提取的总黄酮进行抗氧化性测定。结果表明：三裂蟛蜞菊的总黄酮含量为4.1%;最佳的工艺提取条件是70% 的乙醇溶液按固液比1:25(m/V)配比,在温度50℃、功率210W 超声波条件下处理20min;在本实验设置的三个质量浓度梯度条件下,总黄酮提取液对羟由基、超氧阴离子自由基最大平均清除率分别达到20.16%、41.59%,对H2O2 的最大抑制率达到55.22%,随着实验时间的增加,高质量浓度的提取液能显著延缓猪油自氧化的速度,虽然提取液具有一定的抗氧化能力,但与相应质量浓度的常用抗氧化剂BHT 的抗氧化能力相比,仍存在显著的差异。     

Potential benefits of early-life supplementation of liquid feed with fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds or oregano (Origanum vulgare) leaves on growth,health, and blood metabolites in Holstein dairy calves

This study was performed to determine the early-life (first month of age) supplementation of liquid feed with fennel seed powder (FSP) or oregano leaf powder (OLP) on growth performance, health, and blood biochemical attributes in preweaning dairy calves. Holstein female calves (n = 57; 1 d of age; 34.1 ± 0.97 kg of BW; mean ± SE) were assigned randomly to receive liquid feed (colostrum and milk) with no added herbal plants (CON) or supplemented with FSP (3 g/d) or OLP (30 g/d) during the first month of age. The calves received pooled colostrum (4.5 kg/d on the first 2 d of life; total solids = 25.0% ± 1.24; mean ± SD) and then pooled waste milk (6 kg/d from d 3 to 44, 5 kg/d from d 45 to 46, 4 kg/d from d 47 to 48, and 3 kg/d from d 49 to 50 of the trial; total solids = 12.54% ± 0.50) to ensure they receive same mixed liquid feed daily. The calves had unlimited access to the starter feed and fresh water and remained in the study until weaning on d 51 of age. The average mean temperature-humidity index was 70.1 units (ranging between 61.9 to 78.2) during the experiment, indicating a borderline degree of environmental heat-load. The amount of starter feed offered and refused was recorded daily. The calves were weighed immediately after birth and every 10 d thereafter, before the morning feeding. Jugular blood samples were taken immediately before and 24 h after colostrum feeding, at first month of age, and at weaning to quantify serum concentrations of glucose, urea N, cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, globulin, aspartate transferase, alanine transferase, total antioxidant status, and malondialdehyde. Health checks including rectal temperature, general appearance (on a 1–5 score system), fecal score (on a 1–5 score system), and bovine respiratory disease (BRD; scored using the University of Wisconsin Calf Health Chart) were performed daily, by a veterinarian who was unaware of the calf treatment allocations, for all calves over the study period. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare growth performance and blood metabolites among treatment groups, and a logistic regression model using a binomial distribution (PROC GLIMMIX, SAS v. 9.4, SAS Institute Inc.) was used to assess the chance of elevated rectal temperature (≥39.4°C), general appearance (≥2), diarrhea (≥3), and BRD. A Poisson regression model (PROC GENMOD) was also used to test group differences in the experience of days with elevated rectal temperature and general appearance, and frequency and duration of diarrhea or BRD. Total nutrient intake (DM, CP, and ME, but not ether extract) originating from milk and starter feed was greater in OLP- (but not FSP-) supplemented calves compared with CON group, being partially associated with difference in milk refusal. Calves receiving FSP and OLP had greater average daily gain, BW gain, skeletal gain (withers height or heart girth, respectively), and feed efficiency compared with CON animals with no difference between FSP and OLP. Rectal temperature was lower in FSP- (but not OLP-) supplemented calves compared with CON animals. The CON animals had a greater chance of experiencing higher rectal temperature (≥39.4°C; odds ratio = 1.55 and confidence interval = 1.12–2.15 and odds ratio = 1.33 and confidence interval = 0.92–1.90, respectively, compared with FSP and OLP) and general appearance (≥2; odds ratio = 1.99 and confidence interval = 1.45–2.74 and odds ratio = 1.45 and confidence interval = 1.03–2.05), and diarrhea (odds ratio = 1.47 and confidence interval = 1.11–1.97 and odds ratio = 1.49 and confidence interval = 1.07–2.08) compared with those receiving FSP or OLP; with the chance of BRD being lower in FSP- (but not OLP-) supplemented versus CON animals (odds ratio = 1.59 and confidence interval = 1.13–2.23). As compared with OLP and CON groups, FSP treatment resulted in shorter days with elevated rectal temperature and general appearance. Supplementing FSP or OLP decreased the duration of diarrhea and BRD but not their frequency compared with CON. Duration of diarrhea was not different between FSP- or OLP-supplemented calves but calves supplemented with FSP had shorter days with BRD compared with OLP-supplemented calves. Of the blood constituents measured on d 30, concentration of aspartate transferase was higher in FSP- (but not CON) versus OLP-supplemented calves, indicating a transient liver tissue damage or dysfunction which was subsequently ameliorated. At weaning, blood concentration of triglycerides was higher in FSP and OLP groups compared with CON group. Supplementation of the liquid feed with FSP or OLP, especially FSP, had beneficial effects on calf growth performance and health. Further experiments are warranted for optimizing the dosage and duration of feeding FSP or OLP as feed additives for dairy calves.     

造纸法再造烟叶烟草提取液醇沉净化处理研究

提出了一种针对造纸法再造烟叶烟草提取液净化提质的醇沉处理方法,通过在烟草提取液预浓缩后加入95%乙醇进行沉淀处理,再进行离心去除沉淀杂质,去除烟草提取液中果胶和蛋白质等不利于感官品质的大分子物质,考察了预浓缩固形物含量、醇浓度、醇沉时间等工艺参数对醇沉效果和提取液感官品质的影响。结果表明,将造纸法再造烟叶烟草提取液预浓缩至固形物含量为20%,加入占预浓缩液体积浓度40%的95%乙醇,处理90min后,在4 000r/min转速下离心处理5min,去除沉淀后浓缩至固形物含量为40%,得到烟草浓缩液感官品质最佳,香气质和烟气浓度显著提高,杂气和刺激性明显降低,整体感官评吸得分最高可提高2分;相比未醇沉的原生产工艺条件下烟草提取液,蛋白质和果胶去除率可达55.18%和47.95%。