升温速率及水蒸气分压改变对煤焦气化反应性的影响

用非等温热重法考察了神华煤焦、平朔煤焦及潞安煤焦的水蒸气气化反应性,分析了升温速率、水蒸气分压改变对煤焦气化反应性的影响,即水蒸气分压越大,煤焦的气化反应速率越快;随升温速率的提高,热失重曲线向高温区偏移,最大失重速率相应增大。利用最大反应速率法和半衰期法评价了所选样品的气化反应性。试验结果表明,在相同的气化反应条件下,随着变质程度的提高,煤焦的气化反应性逐渐减小,其气化反应性顺序为神华煤焦>平朔煤焦>潞安煤焦。     

煤焦-CO2气化反应性及其动力学模型

采用热重分析仪在不同的升温速率下，对义马，兖州和平朔煤的3种焦样进行了CO2气化反应性研究，计算了动力学参数，并进行了反应动力学模型的优化。结果表明，在本试验条件下，义马焦样气化行为可用扩散模型描述，平朔焦样可用随机核化模型描述，兖州焦样在不同升温速率条件下需用不同的模型描述。     

煤焦在加压条件下的气化反应性研究

在高压管式炉试验装置上,进行了煤焦在加压条件下的气化反应动力学研究,采用缩芯模型对试验数据进行处理,得到煤焦与二氧化碳及水蒸气气化反应的动力学参数.试验结果表明,温度和压力越高,煤焦的气化反应性越好;煤焦在水蒸气气氛下反应活性高于二氧化碳气氛下煤焦反应活性;缩芯模型适用于煤焦在加压情况下气化反应动力学计算研究;煤焦在加压气化时活化能与指前因子之间存在补偿效应.     

煤焦与水蒸气及CO2共气化反应性研究

采用常压热天平实验装置,在温度为1 173～1 323 K条件下,研究了3种煤焦与水蒸气、CO₂及二者不同配比混合气体的气化特性.结果表明：气化反应温度越高,煤焦的气化反应性越好;气化剂配比中水蒸气的含量越高,煤焦的反应性越好.3种煤焦与水蒸气及CO₂共气化反应性顺序为：神东>宝一>王坡;同一气化剂配比下,3种煤焦的平均比气化速率随温度的升高而增大,同一气化温度下,3种煤焦的平均比气化速率随气化剂中水蒸气含量的增加而增大;3种煤焦在与水蒸气及CO₂混合气体共气化过程中表现出的交互作用不同.     

一种褐煤煤焦水蒸气和CO2气化活性的对比研究

面向循环流化床褐煤热解-部分气化-残炭燃烧分级转化工艺,以宁夏石沟驿褐煤为原料,采用水平管式炉在700～950 ℃,以快速热解和慢速热解方式制备煤焦,考察煤焦表面形貌和结构随制焦条件的变化。利用热分析技术研究气化温度、热解温度和热解速率对煤焦水蒸气和CO2气化反应活性的影响。结果表明：煤焦气化反应速率主要受气化温度影响,受热解温度的影响相对较小;煤焦分别与水蒸气和CO2气化的活性有较大差异,差异随着气化温度的升高而减小;与煤焦的水蒸气气化相比,热解条件对煤焦的CO2气化活性影响更大;煤焦水蒸气气化和CO2气化的反应性指数之间的关系可用二次曲线进行描述,在10%～80%碳转化率范围内分布活化能存在良好的线性关系。     

煤焦气化反应及硫的析出特性分析

对来自河津、伊泰及灵石的3种煤焦与CO2和水蒸气在气化反应中的反应特性及硫的析出特性进行了研究,并对气化硫析出的2种主要产物H2S和COS进行监测分析。结果表明:在CO2气氛和水蒸气气氛中3种煤焦的气化反应性由大到小依次为伊泰煤焦、灵石煤焦、河津煤焦,且随着气化温度的升高煤焦的气化反应性增加,同时由于水蒸气要比CO2气化反应产生活性位的数量多,使得煤焦的水蒸气气化反应性高于CO2气化反应性。在CO2气化过程中,由于生成的CO气体量多,煤焦中的硫大部分以COS的形式逸出到气相中,几乎没有H2S生成;而在水蒸气气化过程中,煤焦中的硫以H2S形式逸出到气相中,没有检测到COS的生成,这主要是因为在还原剂存在的条件下煤焦中各种形态的硫都可被还原为H2S。     

右玉元堡煤煤焦-水蒸气气化规律研究

煤焦-水蒸气气化是鲁奇加压气化的重要工艺过程,水蒸气气化特性对于确定气氧比及预测水蒸气分解率具有重要意义。以右玉元堡长焰煤为研究对象,采用自制立式管式炉在800~1 100℃范围内进行了块煤煤焦水蒸气气化实验,比较了不同热解终温煤焦样品的比表面积及孔径分布特征,并利用气相色谱对不同时刻的煤气组分进行了检测。研究结果表明,煤焦内孔隙主要为2~10 nm的中孔,随热解终温的升高煤焦的比表面积降低。依据煤焦的二氧化碳反应性,以不同温度下水蒸气的还原率β作为评价煤焦-水蒸气气化反应性的指标,低温时温度对水蒸气反应性影响较大,温度由800℃升至900℃,β增大22.74%。     

神木煤焦与CO 2和水蒸气反应后期动力学特性

采用等温热重法对比神木煤焦在900～1 050 ℃分别与CO 2和水蒸气气化的反应活性。为研究气化残炭反应性,分别采用均相模型、缩核模型、混合模型和修正体积模型对煤焦气化后期反应速率与碳转化率的关系进行拟合。结果表明：混合模型和修正体积模型对实验数据有很好的拟合效果;均相模型和缩核模型的拟合效果随气化温度和反应气氛而变化;不同模型预测煤焦分别与CO 2和水蒸气反应后期的活化能范围分别为200.65～231.00 kJ/mol和105.48～169.10 kJ/mol;修正体积模型预测神木煤焦在这两种气氛中反应后期的活化能都比前中期高36 kJ/mol左右;在实验温度范围内,神木煤焦气化后期以化学反应控制为主。     

配入低阶煤对制得气化焦气化特性的影响

从7种煤样中筛选出3种制焦配煤,利用高温热解实验装置在不同热解温度条件下制备3种煤焦,分析了温度对热解产物分布的影响规律,测定了煤焦的比表面积、孔体积及孔径分布特征,并揭示了煤焦孔隙特性及煤种与煤焦的CO2气化反应活性的相互关系。结果表明,随热解温度的升高,3种煤焦收率下降,同等温度条件下,配煤CY/QM制得的煤焦收率最低;在制焦终温低于1 150℃时,煤焦的比表面积及孔体积随制焦温度的提高而增大,气化活性亦随之增加,不同配煤所制得的煤焦反应性大小顺序为:CY/QMCY/QM/JMCY/GSJM;而在制焦温度达到1 150℃之后,煤焦部分孔结构坍塌,其气化活性不再明显增加,3种配煤所制得煤焦的反应性亦相差不大。     

非等温热重法对潞安煤焦-H2O气化反应动力学的研究

用非等温热重法考察了潞安煤焦的水蒸气气化反应,分析了升温速率及水蒸气分压改变对煤焦气化反应性的影响。动力学计算结果表明：潞安煤焦气化行为可用体积反应模型来描述;通过求取的动力学参数可以发现,活化能与指前因子存在明显的动力学补偿效应,补偿效应可由过渡态理论给予解释。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

2014 second batch of rare earth quota released

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矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片ANSYS模态分析及应用

高效节能矿用防爆对旋主要通风机的叶片是主要通风机运行的关键部件,叶片在运行时不断受到气流的作用力,从而使叶片产生振动,当叶片振动的频率与叶片的固有频率接近时,容易产生共振从而导致叶片的断裂。一旦叶片断裂时,对主要通风机的安全运行产生致命的影响,从而导致矿山、化工等企业发生重大事故,将会产生不可估量的损失。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对高效节能矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片进行模态分析及产生对应的六阶模态频率,对主要通风机叶片的运行频率、固有频率及产生的共振问题进行了原理分析,并且解决了叶片频率共振的问题,从而为主要通风机叶片结构设计提供理论依据,并对主要通风机叶片的安全运行提供保障。     

2013 NdFeB export analysis

<正>China totally exported nearly 24,000 tonsof NdFeB products during 201 3,including 18,825 tons of permanent magnet,valued USD 1.34 billion at an average price of 71.4 USD/kg;3,277 tons of NdFeB magnetic powder,valued USD 1 01 million at an average price of 30.9 USD/kg;1,334 tons of strip casting ribbon,with total export value of USD 74million at an average price of 55.3 USD/kg;and 586