二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼的极压抗磨性能

采用四球机考察了二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼（MoDTC）在150SN基础油中的极压抗磨性能,及其与二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZnDDP）、亚甲基双二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯（双DTC）添加剂的抗磨协同效应,并对MoDTC抗磨作用机制进行了分析研究。结果表明,MoDTC在基础油具有良好的极压抗磨性能,与ZnDDP、双DTC表现出了良好的抗磨协同效应,特别是与ZnDDP表现出了非常好的抗磨协同效应,这可能是ZnDDP有助于MoDTC在摩擦表面形成更多的MoS2。     

二硫二苯和二硫二苄抗磨极压剂的差别浅析

含硫抗磨极压剂是一类重要的润滑油添加剂,我国目前应用很广的有硫烯,二硫二苄(DBDS)。使用性能最好的是硫烯,耐负荷能力大,对铜腐蚀小,二硫二苄的使用性能要差一些,它们作用机理介绍的较少,作者曾合成二硫多氯二苯,讨论了与二:硫二苄抗磨极压性的差别;国外对二硫二苯(DPDS)与二硫二苄的抗磨极压性能研究较多,特别是X—射线衍射(XRD)和电子能谱(XPS)等分析技术的出现,对二硫二苯和二硫二苄的抗磨极压机理认识更深入了。本文试图说明二硫二苯和二硫二苄抗磨极压性能的差别。     

含氮硼酸酯与有机锡添加剂的抗磨协同机制

利用四球试验机评价了含氮硼酸酯(BNO)和二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锡(SnDDC)添加剂的极压和抗磨性能,以及它们复配后的极压抗磨性能。结果表明:BNO和SnDDC都具有较好的抗磨性能,当BNO与SnDDC复合后,SnDDC的浓度比例高于BNO时,不仅具有良好的抗磨协同作用,而且没有影响油样的极压性能。磨斑表面扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDX)结果表明,在摩擦过程中,金属表面形成的保护膜中锡元素含量的大小,对于该复配体系的抗磨性能有着重要的影响。     

铋化合物极压抗磨性能及其硫-铋元素复合作用探讨

研究了环烷酸铋、石油磺酸铋、二烷基二硫代磷酸铋和硫代氨基甲酸铋4类含铋添加剂的极压抗磨性能,同时对铋金属元素与硫元素之间的极压抗磨复合效果进行了分析.结果表明,铋型添加剂具有良好的润滑性能,并与含硫添加剂之间具有良好的协同效应,添加剂化合物中同时存在硫、铋元素时也表现出了良好的复合效果.     

非活性有机钼与硫磷型添加剂的抗磨协同效应

采用四球机评价非活性有机钼化合物在基础油中的抗磨性能，并考察非活性有机钼同二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZnDDP）、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、磷酸三甲酚酯（TCP）、亚甲基双二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锑、硫化异丁烯等硫、磷类添加剂的抗磨协同效应。结果表明，非活性有机钼具有良好的极压抗磨性能，特别是中、低负荷下的抗磨性能尤为突出，并且与所有含硫化合物都有良好的抗磨协同效应，特别是与ZnDDP的抗磨协同效应明显，但与TCP没有产生协同效应，这也表明了对于非活性有机钼，硫是非常重要的。     

二烷基二硫代磷酸盐的制备及抗磨性能

本文制备了四种新型的水溶性二烷基二硫代磷酸盐极压抗磨剂,并测定了其抗磨性能。结果表明,带支链及环状结构的添加剂极压抗磨性能最好。由斯本－６０所制得的二烷基二硫代磷酸盐极压抗磨剂的１％水溶液的ＰＢ值达７４４Ｎ,Ｄ１５＾３９２为０．３４ｍｍ。     

非硫磷有机钨与二烷基二硫代磷酸锌的抗磨协同效应

合成一种不含硫磷的有机钨添加剂,采用四球试验机考察非硫磷有机钨与二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)在聚α烯烃基础油中的抗磨减摩性能及协同作用,并使用扫描电子显微镜分析非硫磷有机钨与ZDDP的抗磨协同作用机制。结果表明:所合成的非硫磷有机钨在低载荷下在基础油中具有一定的减摩抗磨效果,但在高载荷下抗磨减摩性能较差;而非硫磷有机钨与ZDDP在高载荷下表现出优异的抗磨协同效应。非硫磷有机钨与ZDDP能够提高基础油抗磨减摩性能的原因是高温摩擦时在摩擦表面生成了含S和W的化合物。     

极压抗磨剂在GTL基础油中的感受性研究*

为探讨GTL基础油与常用极压抗磨剂感受性,分别将二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（T203）、磷酸三甲酚酯（T306）、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼（S-525）、钼胺络合物（MOLYVAN 855）、硫磷酸复酯胺盐（T307）、硫化异丁烯（T321）和合成酯（VANLUBE 7723）与GTL基础油进行调配,利用四球摩擦试验机分别考察单剂和复配后油样的最大无卡咬负荷、磨斑直径和摩擦因数。结果表明：T307、MOLYVAN 855在GTL基础油中极压性和抗磨性最优;T203和VANLUBE 7723复配、T203和MOLYVAN 855复配对GTL基础油极压性和抗磨性能提升明显,而T203和S-525复配具有最佳的减摩效果;T306分别和S-525、T307和T321复配时表现出的极压性能变化趋势相似,而T306和T307复配在表现出良好极压性能的同时,兼具有较好的减摩抗磨效果。     

新型有机铋化合物的极压抗磨性能

利用四球试验机评价合成的环烷酸铋的极压抗磨性能以及与硫化异丁烯(T321)、ZDDP、磷酸三甲酚酯(TCP)、氯化石蜡(T301)常用添加剂之间的极压和抗磨协同性能。结果表明,环烷酸铋具有优良的极压抗磨性能,同硫化异丁烯之间有突出的极压协同作用,与ZDDP和氯化石蜡之间也有良好的抗磨协同作用和极压协同作用,可显著提高润滑油的极压性能和改善抗磨性能;但与磷类添加剂(磷酸酯)的协同性较差。     

含硫润滑油添加剂的制备及性能研究

在催化剂作用下,合成一种含有二丁基二硫代氨基结构的有机硫化酯润滑油添加剂（CNSB）。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察CNSB在100 N基础油中的摩擦学性能,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分别分析磨损表面形貌和磨斑表面元素组成。结果表明：合成的CNSB作为润滑油添加剂具有较好的极压减摩性能,并明显优于同等条件下的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP）。SEM和EDS表明,在摩擦过程中CNSB会发生分解并在摩擦副表面发生化学反应,生成一层由有机硫化物、硼的氧化物等组成的致密保护膜,从而有效减轻钢球摩擦副表面的擦伤和磨损,且CNSB中的B元素也与S元素发生了协同作用,在一定程度上起到了抗磨减摩作用。     

Antiwear function and mechanism of action of cadmium dialkyldithiophosphate additive

A four‐ball tester was used to evaluate the antiwear performance of cadmium dialkyldithiophosphate as an additive in mineral oil. The results indicate that it exhibits good antiwear properties and load‐carrying capacity. Surface analysis was performed to investigate the topography of test specimens and the presence and chemical states of elements such as sulphur, phosphorus, and cadmium and their compounds on rubbing surfaces. The tribological performance and antiwear mechanism of the additive are discussed, and a scheme for the formation of atomic cadmium is proposed.     

Tribological Behaviour of Diisobutyl Polysulphide as an Extreme‐Pressure Additive in a Diester Synthetic Lubricant

A potentially good extreme‐pressure (EP) additive, diisobutyl polysulphide (PS‐i‐Bu), the main component of which is diisobutyl trisulphide, was synthesised at low temperature and under atmospheric pressure. Its load‐carrying capacity (P_B and P_D values) and antiwear and antifriction performance as an additive in a diester synthetic lubricant were investigated using four‐ball test machines, and compared with those for traditional sulphurised olefin (SO). Results show that the novel PS‐i‐Bu as an EP additive exhibits good load‐carrying capacity and antiwear properties. The load‐carrying capacity and antifriction performance of PS‐i‐Bu are better than those of the traditional SO; the antiwear performance of PS‐i‐Bu is slightly worse than that of the traditional SO. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data show that the PS‐i‐Bu additive undergoes similar tribochemical reactions to the traditional SO during the tribological process. The active element S in PS‐i‐Bu reacts with surface metal mainly to form FeSO₄ and/or Fe₂(SO₄)₃ inorganic films.     

A study of the tribological behaviour of an organotin compound

Oil‐soluble stannous oleate (SO) has been synthesised using oleic acid and SnO and its molecular structure confirmed. The tribological performances of SO and of complexes of SO with organosulphur or organophosphate compounds as lubricant additives in a VG26 white oil have been evaluated using a fourball friction and wear tester. The results show that SO exhibits good antiwear, load‐carrying, and friction‐reducing properties in the base stock, which are better than those of ZDDP. When 2.0% SO is added, the wear‐scar diameter reduced to 70% of that for the base stock alone, and the maximum non‐seizure load increased by 2.4 times. The friction coefficient was clearly reduced when SO was added. Synergistic effects were observed between SO and tricresol phosphate as regards the antiwear and load‐carrying properties, while a synergistic effect occurred only in terms of the antiwear properties for SO and a sulphurbased olefin. The elemental composition of the boundary lubricating film was examined by means of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The analytical results of AES indicate that the good performance of SO is attributable to the formation of a boundary lubricating film containing Sn on the rubbed surface.     

Study of the tribological performance of a rare earth naphthenate as a lubricant additive

The tribological behaviour of a rare earth naphthenate (REN) as a lubricant oil additive in VG26 white oil and the complexes of REN and organo‐sulphur or organo‐phosphate compounds have been evaluated with a four‐ball friction and wear tester. The chemical features and elemental composition of the boundary lubricating film were examined by means of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). The results show that REN exhibits good antiwear, load‐carrying, and friction‐reducing properties in the base stock. When 2.0% REN is added, the wear‐scar diameter value reduces to 54.7% of that for the base stock alone and the maximum non‐seizure load increases 2.95 times. A synergistic effect is found for the load‐carrying capability of the complex of REN and organo‐sulphur while poor compatibility is exhibited for the complex of REN and organo‐phosphate. The analytical results of AES and XPS indicate that the good performance of REN is attributable to the formation of a boundary lubricating film mainly composed of naphthenic acid, rare earth oxide, and complexes of rare earth metals, which is formed on a rubbed surface when lubricated by oil containing the REN additive.     

Tribological properties of P‐ and N‐containing organic compounds as potential extreme‐pressure and antiwear additives

An amine salt of an alkoxylphosphate (a P‐ and N‐containing organic compound, PN) was synthesised. Its extreme‐pressure, antiwear, and friction‐reducing properties were evaluated as an additive in liquid paraffin and a mineral oil. Tests were performed on a four‐ball friction and wear tester with an AISI 52100 steel ball self‐mated pair and the results were compared with those of sulphurised olefin (SO), zinc di‐n‐butyldithio‐phosphate (ZDDP), and dibutylphosphite (DBP). The morphologies of the worn steel surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope, while the binding energies of some typical elements on the worn surfaces were determined using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The additives were found to increase the load‐carrying capacity and to reduce wear and friction coefficient considerably. PN as an additive exhibits better load‐carrying, antiwear, and friction‐reducing properties than SO, ZDDP, and DBP under the same test conditions.     

氯乙基甲醚氨基甲酸酯的合成及性能研究

介绍了一种新型润滑油添加剂氯乙基甲醚的氨基甲酸酯的制备过程及其各项性能,采用旋转氧弹、PDSC和四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了其在矿物基础油中的抗氧化性能和抗磨性能,以及与几种抗氧化和抗磨损添加剂间的协同性能。结果表明:这种新型的润滑油添加剂具有一定的抗氧化性能和良好抗磨损性能,与胺型抗氧剂、ZDDP复合使用,具有增效协同作用。     

Low sulfur,phosphorus and metal free antiwear additives: Synergistic action of salicylaldehyde N(4)-phenylthiosemicarbazones and its different derivatives with Vanlube 289 additive

With a view to develop metal free, low SAPs antiwear additives, the antiwear properties of salicylaldehyde N(4)-phenylthiosemicarbazone and its p-methylphenyl, p-methoxyphenyl and p-chlorophenyl derivatives(1%w/v) and their synergistic/antagonistic behavior with Vanlube 289(1%w/v) additive were tested in base oil using four-ball lubricant tester and ZDDP as a reference additive. Antiwear testing of additives(1%w/v) was done by varying load and time. The performance of antiwear additives has been compared on the basis of tribological parameters. An appreciable synergistic activity is observed between 1% concentrations of the thiosemicarbazones and Vanlube289. The efficiencies of the synergistic formulations are far better than that of ZDDP. The topography and composition of the wear scar were analyzed by AFM and SEM with EDX. The synergistic formulations cause enormous reduction in surface roughness. The EDX analysis of the wear scar in the case of base oil with additive exhibits presence of sulfur and nitrogen.     

A tribological study of an S–P–N containing additive in polyalphaolefin

The load‐carrying capacity, antiwear, and friction reduction properties of a novel S—P—N additive (BMDDP) added to a synthetic lubricant, polyalphaolefin (PAO), were evaluated using a four‐ball test machine. The results were compared with those of a commercial S—P—N additive (T307), and show that BMDDP is an excellent extreme pressure and antiwear additive in polyalphaolefin, similar to T307. The rubbed surfaces were investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the antiwear mechanism is discussed.     

硼化二正丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯的摩擦学性能研究

合成了硼化二正丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯的采用四球实验机和ＨＱ－１摩擦磨损实验机研究了其抗磨减摩性能,并采用Ｘ－射线光电子能谱仪（ＸＰＳ）分析了磨斑表面组成和元素价态。实验结果表明：硼化二正丁基二硫代氨基甲本 良好的抗磨减摩性能和承载能力,其作用机理可能是添加剂在摩擦过程中与金属表面作用,形成含有机硼、有机氮、ＦｅＳ２和ＦｅＳｏ４的复合膜,从而起到抗磨减摩作用。