分形企业和成组技术

本文介绍了欧洲提出的分形企业的基本概念，分析了其主要特点，并简要说明成组技术在分形企业中的作用。     

Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Selection Process

Abstract:

This article presents a Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) evaluation and selection process that utilizes a weighted scoring model to facilitate the comparison of COTS components relative to a number of pre-established evaluation criteria. The application of a COTS evaluation methodology will enable project teams responsible for designing complex systems to take advantage of potential economic leverage and performance advantages COTS technology presents. More importantly, this approach provides a mechanism for careful evaluation of the candidate COTS components to ensure engineers developing COTS-intensive systems give appropriate consideration to critical COTS attributes such as operational requirements, risk, cost, technology maturity, and supplier viability.     

New Program and Directions at the National Institute of Standards and Technology

The Trade Act of 1988 created the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) from the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). In addition to explicitly defining and reconfirming the traditional measurement services, the law assigned new responsibilities to NIST to assist U.S. industry in capitalizing on new technologies developed in the U.S. scientific and technical community at a faster rate. This article decribes the new programs being established at NIST to comply with this mandate and the new organizational unit at NIST that brings together the traditional services and these new programs.     

基于AMTS和现代市场发展的制造企业组织重构问题研究

从先进制造技术体系的飞速发展以及现代市场发展、国有企业改革等方面揭示了我国国有制造企业组织重构紧迫性和必要性，提出并剖析了制造组织重构的概念，在此基础上构造建了制造企业组织重构的原则并对制造企业的组织重构的操作提出了一些初步的想法。最后，本文对此课题的进一步研究进行了展望。     

电子制造业一线员工工作压力与心理健康影响机制研究

应用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)和症状自评量表(SCL-90),对电子制造业一线员工工作压力和心理健康状况进行测量,深入了解其工作压力与心理健康状态。研究结果表明,电子制造业一线员工工作压力状况显著高于全国平均水平,其心理健康水平显著低于全国常模,且心理健康情况与工作压力呈显著相关关系。回归分析发现,躯体紧张反应、心理紧张反应、社会支持、任务模糊、任务过重和工作环境6因子对员工心理健康具有重要影响作用;同时,通过中介作用检验,发现个体紧张反应和个体应对资源变量是职业任务因子与心理健康变量之间的中介变量,在职业任务与心理健康之间起完全中介作用。该结果对于电子制造业一线员工的针对性管理具有指导价值。     

军品包装标准体系构建研究

界定了军品包装标准体系的相关概念,分析了国内外包装标准体系的建设情况,重点从阐述军品包装标准体系的构建原则、构建依据出发,确定了标准体系的框架和主要内容。     

军事计量测量标准价值分析

本文从军事计量测量标准的经济性出发,分析了军事计量测量标准的寿命周期及其费用构成.以实例分析为基础,对军事计量测量标准的经济价值进行了评估.     

洛氏硬度标准装置不确定度的评定

详细给出了洛氏硬度标准装置不确定度的评定方法及步骤。     

标准铂电阻温度计在0—30—℃范围内的不确定度评定

本给出了0-30℃分温区内基于ITS-90温标定义的固定点——镓熔点复现装置的标准不确定及坟展不确定度评定,以及由此引起的0-30℃范围内工作基准铂电阻温度计分度的各温度点上的不确定度。本的分析结果可用于该温区内使用标准铂手工电阻温度计测温结果的不确定度分析。     

“制造强国的主要指标研究”课题摘要

“制造强国的主要指标研究”是中国工程院“制造强国战略研究”重大咨询项目中的一个课题,于2013年1月启动, 一年多来,课题组围绕指标体系构建、制造强国指数评价、战略路径等方面多次召开课题组会和专家研讨会。课题组在充分研究国内外指标体系、工业发达国家强国之路的基础上,详细分析了我国制造业现状,提出了制造强国的内涵和特征,构建了制造强国评价指标体系,并对国际上公认已是制造强国的典型国家进行了评价、也对我国制造强国的进程进行了预测。同时结合指标体系的构建和评价结果,提出推进制造强国的战略路径。     

Extending capacity planning by positive lead times and optional overtime,earliness and tardiness for effective master production scheduling

In this paper we consider the problem of improving the Master Production Schedule (MPS) in make-to-order production systems when demand exceeds available resource capacity. Due to the complexity of the problem, in practice solutions are usually obtained manually. We propose an algorithm that offsets production orders guided by tardiness, earliness and overtime penalties. The intermediate tool used to determine resource utilization is Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP) extended by positive lead times and options for overtime, earliness and tardiness. This approach leads to a more realistic resource loading calculation, similar to CRP but without its computational burden. The discrete optimization model is solved by a Genetic Algorithm (GA); within the GA, delays or early deliveries of each order are represented as genes of a chromosome. The method is tested against systematically developed benchmark problems and real industrial data. Improvements over the traditional RCCP procedure and an ERP's embedded routines are demonstrated by the computational results and support the applicability of the proposed approach for real-life make-to-order environments.     

虚拟加工环境中标准化通信的研究与实现

通过在虚拟加工环境中实现基于MMS（制造报文规范）的标准化通令系统,探讨了虚拟制造平台实现网络集成的方法。介绍了MMS协议的内容,提出了系统的总体框架,并详细描述了基于MMS协议的通信支持系统与虚拟设备相连的服务接口系统的实现方法、框架结构和程序执行流程。     

瞬态波形记录仪器计量标准的建立

叙述了瞬态记录仪器计量标准建立中的几个问题 ,包括校准系统的构成、校准项目、校准方法、校准设备的选择 ,以及影响有关指标校准不确定度的几个因素     

数字心电图机计量发展及数字心电图标准波形评定方法

随着心电检测设备的发展,原有的计量标准已经不能全面评定其计量性能,波形一致性、波形失真度等参数正在成为新的计量检定规程和工作标准中主要考虑的内容.通过回顾数字心电图机计量法规和标准的发展,探讨了数字心电图标准波形的评定方法.结果表明,波形总失真度能够作为评定数字心电标准波形的有效参数.     

100～400K真空红外亮温标准黑体辐射源研制

介绍了中国计量科学研究院研制的100~400K真空红外亮温标准黑体辐射源的工作原理、结构、性能测试方法及测试结果。黑体辐射源通过液氮制冷与3温区控制实现了100~400K范围内的温度控制。在真空环境下,测试了其在温度范围100~400K轴向温度均匀性、底部温度稳定性等技术指标,结果表明均匀性优于0.120K,控温稳定性优于0.020K/20min;在室温大气环境下,利用基于控制环境辐射的发射率测量方法测量了黑体空腔发射率,空腔法向发射率为0.9998。采用基于蒙特卡罗黑体发射率仿真计算方法分析轴向温度均匀性对空腔发射率的影响,分析了标准黑体辐射源的不确定度来源,在8~16 μm波长亮度温度的合成标准不确定度优于0.030K。     

The Manufacture of the Grinding Wheels Based on the Ca–K Geopolymer Matrix

This article describes the successful manufacture of new grinding wheels based on a binding agent from a clay substance and blast-furnace slag (the Ca–K geopolymer matrix) on industrial presses. Trained factory staff of the company Best – Business, a.s. tested the pressing process for the manufacture of geopolymer-bonded wheels and verified their quality by factory control equipment (Grindo Sonic and Zeiss-Mackensen methods, test of the safe peripheral speed). The results have shown that the Ca–K geopolymer matrix is suitable for grinding-tool preparation and the grinding-wheel properties are comparable with similar products based on the fired ceramic binding agent.     

我军军用物资包装及包装标准的现状与发展趋势

首先阐述了包装在军用物资保障中的重要作用,而后分析了目前军用物资包装及包装标准的现状,最后提出了我军军用物资包装和包装标准的发展趋势。