用User Case表达架构观点

笔者担任软件顾问辅导与服务已多年,本身所担任的角色为“软件架构师(Software Architect)”一职,辅导的对象为一般软件ISV (Independent Software Vendor)以及中、大型公司的IT部门。担任架构师多年,经常思考架构师的职责及所该具备的技能与素养,也逐渐培养出一种直觉、感觉,往往一眼可以看出某系统的架构好坏、或是软件设计师的设计意图等……     

符合28181标准的User Agent

GB/T 28181标准对安全防范视频监控联网系统提出了新的要求,该标准规定了具体的SIP交互流程,并提出了新的扩展. 其中用户代理是SIP设备、SIP客户端等规定实体的重要组成部件. 用户代理的主要任务是不仅要符合标准的SIP流程,还要作为UAC负责发起呼叫,也要作为UAS负责接收呼叫并作响应. 用户代理的研究和设计对视频监控系统是否符合GB/T 28181标准及系统性能有着重要影响. 本文设计了一个符合标准的高效的用户代理,内容主要包括整体结构设计,设计的关键思想,以及如何基于该用户代理构建SIP客户端. 本文设计的用户代理具有高度模块化、低耦合、高效率、易扩展等特点,视频监控系统可以很方便快捷地构建相应的SIP实体.     

基于User Profile的微博用户推荐

传统微博用户推荐算法采用的数据来源单一,模型简单,导致推荐准确率不高。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于标签的User Profile推荐算法,根据微博数据的特点,深入研究“微博文本”、“标签”、“社交关系”和“用户自身基本信息”等因素对微博个性化推荐的影响,通过训练LDA主题模型和SVM分类器将它们转换为标签,并赋予权重来描述用户兴趣,进行用户推荐以提高推荐准确性。实验结果表明,与传统VSM模型方法相比,该算法进行用户推荐效果更佳。     

User Modeling in Human–Computer Interaction

A fundamental objective of human–computer interaction research is to make systems more usable, more useful, and to provide users with experiences fitting their specific background knowledge and objectives. The challenge in an information-rich world is not only to make information available to people at any time, at any place, and in any form, but specifically to say the right thing at the right time in the right way. Designers of collaborative human–computer systems face the formidable task of writing software for millions of users (at design time) while making it work as if it were designed for each individual user (only known at use time). User modeling research has attempted to address these issues. In this article, I will first review the objectives, progress, and unfulfilled hopes that have occurred over the last ten years, and illustrate them with some interesting computational environments and their underlying conceptual frameworks. A special emphasis is given to high-functionality applications and the impact of user modeling to make them more usable, useful, and learnable. Finally, an assessment of the current state of the art followed by some future challenges is given.     

支持个性化检索的User Profile研究概述

在现代搜索系统中,由于网络信息的动态性和用户兴趣的迁移性,通常的检索技术已难以满足用户的个性化需求,个性化搜索势在必行.User Profile作为描述用户兴趣和爱好的载体和手段,是个性化搜索领域的重要组成部分之一.本文论述了User Profile的创建、学习、存储、更新及其在个性化搜索系统中发挥的作用等,分析在相关反馈过程中,利用User Profile进行查询扩展的具体过程.针对向量空间模型和概率模型,分别讨论了User Profile的更新问题.最后,展望了User Profile的发展方向,得出"基于本体的User Profile是目前和将来最具潜力的方法"的结论.     

A Framework for Command Recovery in User Interface

In this paper,a framework is presented for adding a general command recovery facility to user interface.A simple model of interactive system is discussed and four meta commands.UNDO,REDO.SKIPBACK,and SKIPFORWARD,are defined.The double-linked list is used to organize the recovery information in a natural way for easy implementation.Applications of the framework to various demands of command recoveries show that the use of the framework is veryeasy and convenient.     

An Approach to User Interface Specification with Attribute Grammars

An approach to supporting user interfaces using an attribute grammar combined with an event model is described.The main emphasis is how to represent a multi-thread dialogue model in direct manipulation user interfaces.It is shown that control sequence within dialogues,communication with other dialogues, and some computations for applications can be specified with a syntactic and semantic notation.The attribute grammar specification can be implemented using an attribute grammar intepreter embedded in the run-time structure supporting communication,synchronization,and dialogue executon.     

LΩUI: Lovely ΩMEGA User Interface

The capabilities of a automated theorem prover's interface are essential for the effective use of (interactive) proof systems. LΩUI is the multi-modal interface that combines several features: a graphical display of information in a proof graph, a selective term browser with hypertext facilities, proof and proof plan presentation in natural language, and an editor for adding and maintaining the knowledge base. LΩUI is realized in an agent-based client-server architecture and implemented in the concurrent constraint programming language Oz. Received November 1998 / Accepted in revised form June 1999     

GUIDS: A Graphical User Interface Development System in UniECAD

UniECAD is an integrated electronic CAD system,the user interface development system is the key of the integration of UniECAD.This paper presents the architecture of GUIDS,a graphical user interface development system in UniECAD,and then discusses a series of new techniques and methods in the design and the implementation of this system around the following aspects:the editing environment of interface elements,the implementation of dialogue control and the automatic generation of interface code.As an example,the generation of the main interfaces of UniECAD shows the procedure of the development of user interfaces with this development system.     

Shared WiFi-Communities – User Generated Infrastructure am Beispiel von FON

Shared WiFi-Communities emerge when users share their private Wireless Fidelity with others and in return get free internet access via community members’ internet connection. Supply of wireless capacity and demand for WLAN usually are coordinated by a central authority therewith users can find specific hosts within the community. Initial players that conduct commercial WiFi-Communities established their position in the market. The international market leader with 170,000 hotspots worldwide is FON. The commercial success of shared WiFi-communities (e.g. FON) depends on the adoption of a special router or modifications of the existing WLAN-infrastructure. More importantly it is essential that users permanently offer broadband capacity to the community. Only then net effects can durably generate enhanced usage benefits. A survey of 268 German FON users reveals that the community shows a high level of cohesion. Users barely vary from the default setting concerning shared bandwidth of the router. Additionally most interviewees offer their WLAN 24 hours a day. Despite the possibility of earning money with the wireless capacity most users do not offer bandwidth with a purely economic ambition. Although the market potential of shared WiFi communities appears tremendous legal obstructions and technical restraints exacerbate penetration.     

A Domain Knowledge Driven Approach for User Interface Software Development

A domain knowledge driven user interface development approach is described.As a conceptual design of the user interface,the domain knowledge defines the user interface in terms of objects,actions and their relationships that the user would use to interact with the application system.It also serves as input to a user interface management system (UIMS) and is the kernel of the target user interface.The principal ideas and the implementation techniques of the approach is discussed.The user interface model,user interface designer oriented high-level specification notatiopn,and the transformation algorithms on domain knowledge are presented.     

User characteristics—DSS effectiveness linkage: an empirical assessment

Despite extensive research on various factors affecting the acceptance and effectiveness of decision support systems (DSS), considerable ambiguity still exists regarding the role and influence of user characteristics. Although researchers have advocated DSS effectiveness as a multi-dimensional construct, specific guidelines regarding its dimensions or the approach to derive it is lacking. The study reported here attempts to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by proposing a multi-dimensional construct for DSS effectiveness and identifying a comprehensive set of user characteristics that influences DSS effectiveness. It critically examines the relationship between these two sets through canonical correlation analysis technique. Thirty seven students, taking a graduate level course in financial management, in a large university located in the north eastern part of the United States participated in the study acting as surrogates for real-world managers. The results of the study highlight that user's domain-related expertise, system experience, gender, intelligence, and cognitive style have important influence on one or more dimensions of DSS effectiveness. However, their relative importance vary with the outcome measure of choice.     

User experience: does it matter in complex systems?

This paper explores the concept of user experience (UX) within complex systems in the domain of nuclear power production. The specific context is the development of main control room solutions. As UX has become a prevalent concept in human–computer interaction and related research fields, it is a valid question, whether the concept could bring something new to the research concerning complex safety–critical systems also. In this paper, we introduce the concept of UX as an indicator of the users’ subjective feeling of the appropriateness of the proposed tool for the activity. Based on activity theoretical contemplation, we presume that UX is grounded in the feelings and emotions evoked in the usage of the systems and which concern the status of the whole activity. In the paper, a theory-based characterization of UXs in the particular domain is developed based on three general functions of a tool: instrument, psychological, and communicative. We present the operationalization of UX and three studies in which UXs concerning different control room systems during a control room transformation process were followed. Based on the results of the three studies, we find that the significance of UX as an indicator of quality in use lies in the ability to bring the professional users’ experiences, which are embedded in the inner characteristics of the work and not always observable by external evaluators, to the process of designing new systems. Evidence to support the initial background assumption that UXs may concern instrumental aspects of tools was identified in the studies.     

Economic aspects of hybrid cloud infrastructure: User?organization perspective

Adoption of cloud infrastructure promises enterprises numerous benefits, such as faster time-to-market and improved scalability enabled by on-demand provisioning of pooled and shared computing resources. In particular, hybrid clouds, by combining the private in-house capacity with the on-demand capacity of public clouds, promise to achieve both increased utilization rate of the in-house infrastructure and limited use of the more expensive public cloud, thereby lowering the total costs for a cloud user organization. In this paper, an analytical model of hybrid cloud costs is introduced, wherein the costs of computing and data communication are taken into account. Using this model, a cost-efficient division of the computing capacity between the private and the public portion of a hybrid cloud can be identified. By analyzing the model, it can be shown that, given fixed prices for private and public capacity, a hybrid cloud incurs the minimum costs. Furthermore, it is shown that, as the volume of data transferred to/from the public cloud increases, a greater portion of the capacity should be allocated to the private cloud. Finally, the paper illustrates analytically that, when the unit price of capacity declines with the volume of acquired capacity, a hybrid cloud may become more expensive than a private or a public cloud.     

奉献，分享，开放——记北京Linux User Group

BLUG，被认为是世界上最好的Linux用户组，带头人Frederic Muller，为我们讲述了他是如何以“奉献”、“分享”与“开放”的精神，达到目前的高度。     

User’s manual as a requirements specification: case studies

This paper argues that a users manual makes an excellent software requirements specification. It describes several experiences, including one in industry, of writing users manuals as requirements specifications. Finally, it discusses several lessons learned from the experiences.

Correction to: User‑dependent interactive light field video streaming system

Multimedia Tools and Applications -