共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Abstract:This article contributes to how teams comprised mainly of knowledge workers influence project team performance. This article highlights the need to examine knowledge work and knowledge worker teams' impact on performance. Three large-sized companies were investigated through their projects, knowledge work, team environment, and team success. Results showed that the percentage of knowledge workers on a project team and project objectives had positive associations on performance. Exploratory analyses revealed that project team responsibility influenced knowledge worker project team performance as defined by projects schedule, cost, and scope. 相似文献
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This research empirically investigates the relationship between organizational culture, knowledge sharing, organizational innovation, and competitive advantage. Data were collected from 294 industrial managers, and PLS-SEM was used to validate data and examine the hypothesized relationships. Results revealed that organizational culture, knowledge sharing, and organizational innovation positively affect competitive advantage. More specifically, organizational culture fosters knowledge-sharing and innovation activities among the workforce and links them with high-level business processes that could be conducive to acquiring advanced manufacturing capabilities. The present study highlighted that organizational culture is indispensable for business operational success, and knowledge-sharing and organizational innovation appear to be key drivers for gaining competitive advantage. 相似文献
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K. A. McCuaig C. K. A. Marsland R. A. Boutilier 《Engineering Management Journal; EMJ》2013,25(2):30-34
ABSTRACTSelecting a main battle tank for an army is a lengthy and complex decision-making process. Military procurement staffs use various management and engineering tools to conduct their studies. This article describes a decision support software package that can assist in selecting the best tank from a set of competitors. The package assesses the design features that affect three major performance criteria: firepower, protection, and mobility. The package combines the Expert Choice? implementation of the analytical hierarchy process with a LOTUS? spreadsheet. 相似文献
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Jose Albors-Garrigos Jose Carlos Ramos-Carrasco Angel Peiro-Signes 《Engineering Management Journal; EMJ》2013,25(3):168-178
AbstractKnowledge management and engineering management are closely related. However, the latter has focused primarily in the codification and systemization of knowledge. This article proposes a schema based on organizational learning and cultural values that enhance the latter and aims at explaining how knowledge can be actioned and deployed successfully in an organization. The construct was field tested among the technical staff of a large perfumes firm. This article parts from the influential concept of actionable knowledge introduced by Chris Argyris and his school and follows with subsequently-developed paradigms, such as the knowledge maturity model, organizational competencies, and Actional Intelligence. From a practical point of view, it proposes concrete recommendations for the utilization of knowledge management by engineering managers and fills the cultural and organizational gap of traditional knowledge engineering approaches. Additionally, it aims at contributing to a better understanding of knowledge management systemization and practice. It fills a particular research gap in the state of the art of knowledge management practice, while it suggests a more reasonable and comprehensible focus of knowledge management and a more precise and dynamic perspective to engineering management and knowledge engineering. 相似文献
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Michel Bédard Shawn Marshall Malcolm Man-Son-Hing Bruce Weaver Isabelle Gélinas Nicol Korner-Bitensky Barbara Mazer Gary Naglie Michelle M. Porter Mark J. Rapoport Holly Tuokko Brenda Vrkljan 《Accident; analysis and prevention》2013
Background
A new tool, the SIMARD-MD, has been proposed to help physicians identify cognitively impaired drivers who may be unfit to drive, but little empirical evidence is available to justify its use. We analyzed data from a cohort of older Canadian drivers who had undergone cognitive testing to: (1) correlate the SIMARD-MD with other tools that measure cognition (e.g., trail-making test), (2) identify how many drivers, using published cut-offs on the SIMARD-MD, would be recommended to lose their license, or be considered fit to drive, or be required to undergo further driving assessment, and (3) determine if the SIMARD-MD is biased by level of education as many cognitive tools are.Methods
Cross-sectional data from 841 drivers aged 70 and over from seven Canadian sites who are enrolled in a 5-year cohort study were used for the analyses. Scores on the SIMARD-MD were correlated with scores on the other cognitive measures. The recommendations that would be made based on the SIMARD-MD scores were based on published cut-off values suggested by the authors of the tool. The impact of education status was examined using linear regression controlling for age.Results
Correlations between the SIMARD-MD and other cognitive measures ranged from .15 to .86. Using published cut-off scores, 21 participants (2.5%) would have been recommended to relinquish their licenses, 428 (50.9%) would have been deemed fit to drive, and 392 (46.6%) would have been required to undergo further testing. We found a difference of 8.19 points (95% CI = 4.99, 11.40, p < .001) in favor of drivers with post-secondary education versus those without, representing over 11% of the mean score.Discussion
The SIMARD-MD is unlikely to be valuable to clinicians because it lacks sufficient precision to provide clear recommendations about fitness-to-drive. Recommendations based solely on the SIMARD-MD may place many seniors at risk of losing their transportation mobility or incurring unnecessary stress and costs to prove they are safe to drive. Furthermore, the education bias may create an unwanted structural inequity. Hence, adoption of the SIMARD-MD as a tool to determine fitness-to-drive appears premature. 相似文献6.
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Jacob L. Peterson 《Engineering Management Journal; EMJ》2013,25(2):37-42
ABSTRACTSerious distortion can occur in manufacturing product costing systems that use a single volume-related base (like direct labor hours) to assign overhead costs to products. Activity-based costing (ABC) assumes that activities consume resources, and products consume activities; hence, ABC makes activities its focus. Costs are traced from activities to products based on demand for the focus activity (or activities). Conventional cost systems are imprecise due to the lack of detail in the allocation of overhead. In contrast, ABC provides more accurate product cost because it captures many dynamic variables while assigning overhead costs through defined activities. 相似文献
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技术创新是技术标准的源头和技术保障,是实现科技进步、促进企业发展的原动力,企业技术创新的需求和积极性不断提升,技术创新的基础和源泉、途径和方式受到了更多的关注。知识经济时代,隐性知识被认为是技术创新的重要推动力;同时,组织资本作为企业竞争优势的重要来源,为如何转移和有效利用隐性知识,以及如何影响技术创新提供了独特的视角。 相似文献
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Amy Javernick-Will 《Engineering Management Journal; EMJ》2013,25(3):16-26
Abstract:Multinational, project-based organizations are faced with competing challenges of adapting to a local marketplace and integrating various offices globally. Case studies with 14 multinational real estate development, general contracting, and engineering firms revealed types of knowledge required for international operations, knowledge management strategies, and the level of embeddedness within the local project area. Eighty-nine interviews were recorded, transcribed, and imported into qualitative coding software. Analysis of the data built propositions regarding different levels of local project embeddedness and the relationship between embeddedness and knowledge management strategies. The findings indicate that firms with a low level of local embeddedness have more formal knowledge management platforms to share local knowledge, whereas firms with a high level of embeddedness, which require the most local knowledge, lack formal knowledge management strategies to share their knowledge across projects. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTA new way of portraying the technical aspect of the project cycle clarifies the role and responsibility of systems engineering to a project. This new three-dimensional graphic representation illustrates the end-to-end involvement of systems engineering in the project cycle, clarifies the relationship of systems engineering and design engineering, and encourages the implementation of concurrent engineering. 相似文献
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This research investigates the impacts of proactiveness, openness to experience, and extraversion on innovative performance among engineers. The work also examines the mediating role of knowledge sharing. Using a person–situation interaction perspective, the study further explores the moderating role of perceived organizational support (POS) in personality–knowledge sharing relationships. Data collected from engineers (N = 183) across various public and private engineering firms in Pakistan reveal that knowledge sharing mediated the relationship of proactiveness and extraversion with innovative performance. In addition, highly proactive and extraverted engineers are more likely to share knowledge when the POS is high. Contrary to the expectations, engineers who highly exhibit openness to experience are less likely to share knowledge under high POS. These findings provide significant contributions to the theory and practice of engineering management by highlighting the essential link of personality traits with knowledge sharing and innovation among engineers. 相似文献
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Although nearly two decades have elapsed since the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) announced the ISO 9000 series standards in March 1987, there have been few attempts to explore the reasons why certified firms may fail to maintain ISO certification. In this paper, survey data from certified firms in Taiwan are used to examine the differences between firms that maintain certification and those that do not in terms of the benefits that firms felt they had obtained from certification. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) is used in order simultaneously to assess group differences across the 16 multiple dependent organizational benefit variables, covaried for company size and certification motives. Our findings show that those certified firms that maintain certification gain more benefits from the standards than those that do not. This study also demonstrates that firms’ motives for obtaining certification have an impact on the strength of the relationship between the maintenance of certification and the benefits gained. However, company size does not appear to affect the strength of the relationship. 相似文献
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中国企业实施并行工程的若干特点,问题及解决方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于对我国实施并行工程的若干企业的实际案例调查,分析并总结了我国企业实行并行工程在组织形式,人员选拔,培训,绩效评价和奖酬谢方法等方面的一些作法,特点和存在的问题,并探讨了解决的措施。 相似文献
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Shaohua “Carolyn” Mu Devi R. Gnyawali Donald E. Hatfield 《Management International Review》2007,47(1):79-102
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| – | This study examines antecedent factors that influence foreign subsidiaries’ innovation through learning from local environments, which in turn influences their knowledge contribution back to the headquarters. We argue that subsidiary local embeddedness, subsidiary top management team heterogeneity, and MNC corporate entrepreneurial culture are the key enablers for subsidiaries to learn and innovate in the local environments. |
| – | The findings support that the learning and innovation of U.S.-based subsidiaries are significantly influenced by their local embeddedness, their top management team heterogeneity, and the corporate entrepreneurial culture of their parent company, along with the control variables including subsidiary size and the internationalization of parent company. |
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Objectives
Previous research has found that older driver fatal crash involvement rates per licensed driver declined substantially in the United States during 1997–2006 and declined much faster than the rate for middle-age drivers. The current study examined whether the larger-than-expected decline for older drivers extended to nonfatal crashes and whether the decline in fatal crash risk reflects lower likelihood of crashing or an improvement in survivability of the crashes that occur.Methods
Trends in the rates of passenger vehicle crash involvements per 100,000 licensed drivers for drivers 70 and older (older drivers) were compared with trends for drivers ages 35–54 (middle-age drivers). Fatal crash information was obtained from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for years 1997–2008, and nonfatal crash information was obtained from 13 states with good reporting information for years 1997–2005. Analysis of covariance models compared trends in annual crash rates for older drivers relative to rates for middle-age drivers. Differences in crash survivability were measured in terms of the odds of fatality given a crash each year, and the historical trends for older versus middle-age drivers were compared.Results
Fatal crash involvement rates declined for older and middle-age drivers during 1997–2008 (1997–2005 for the 13 state subsample), but the decline for drivers 70 and older far exceeded the decline for drivers ages 35–54 (37 versus 23 percent, nationally; 22 versus 1 percent, 13 states). Nonfatal injury crash involvement rates showed similarly larger-than-expected declines for older drivers in the 13 state subsample, but the differences were smaller and not statistically significant (27 percent reduction for older drivers versus 16 percent for middle-age drivers). Property-damage-only crash involvement rates declined for older drivers (10 percent) but increased for middle-age drivers (1 percent). In 1997, older drivers were 3.5 times more likely than middle-age drivers to die in police-reported crashes (6.2 versus 1.8 deaths per 1000 crashes), but this difference was reduced during the 9-year study period to 2.9 times, as the rate of older drivers dying in a crash declined (5.5 deaths per 1000 crashes in 2005) and the death risk remained relatively stable for middle-age drivers.Conclusions
Contrary to expectations based on increased licensure and travel by older drivers, their fatal crash risk has declined during the past decade and has declined at a faster rate than for middle-age drivers. The decreased risk for older drivers appears to extend not only to nonfatal injury crashes but also to property-damage-only crashes, at least as reported to police in the 13 states included in the nonfatal injury analysis. Although insurance collision data suggest that overall crash risk of older drivers may not be changing relative to middle-age drivers, the current analysis indicates that the reduced fatality risk of older drivers reflects both less likelihood of being involved in a police-reported crash and greater likelihood that they will survive when they do crash. 相似文献18.
In the past two decades, business process re-engineering (BPR) and organizational restructuring (OR) have been two of the most popular approaches to improving the efficiency and the effectiveness of an organization. However, a review of the relevant literature reveals that the two approaches have been studied in isolation. The theoretical gap in academic research is also reflected in practice. The present paper therefore proposes a customer-oriented and process-focused two-stage framework, entitled the ‘process re-engineering-oriented organizational change exploratory simulation system’ (‘PROCESS’), to address these theoretical deficiencies. Two key concepts are introduced in this two-stage framework. The first is the ‘process module’ (PM), which indicates a set of common sequential activities that can be grouped as a subunit of a business process. The second is the ‘macro-process’ (MP), which indicates that a set of business processes have similar characteristics or functions. The two concepts serve as ‘stepping stones’ between BPR and OR. Based on these two concepts, the decision rules and the mathematical/simulation model can be developed under this two-stage framework. The paper then presents a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ‘PROCESS’. 相似文献
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我国企业CIMS系统中技术与组织之间相互关系的实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于对我国ＣＩＭＳ实施企业的调查,研究了企业的适应ＣＩＭＳ中的技术要求而进行组织创新的四大方向：（１）组织结构纵向的扁平化;（２）组织结构横向的合工精简,（３）建立新的信息中心组织;（４）建立各种类型的跨部门团队。指出了ＣＩＭＳ技术适应企业组织的主要方式;（１）开发设计技术系统时充分考虑企业现有的组织管理状况;（２）开发设计技术系统时充分考虑企业今后经营管理和组织体制的改革方向,最后还分析总结了我 相似文献
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