Investigating the Importance of Trust on Adopting an Autonomous Vehicle

The objective of this study is to examine the user’s adoption aspects of autonomous vehicle, as well as to investigate what factors drive people to trust an autonomous vehicle. A model explaining the impact of different factors on autonomous vehicles’ intention is developed based on the technology acceptance model and trust theory. A survey of 552 drivers was conducted and the results were analyzed using partial least squares. The results demonstrated that perceived usefulness and trust are major important determinants of intention to use autonomous vehicles. The results also show that three constructs—system transparency, technical competence, and situation management—have a positive effect on trust. The study identified that trust has a negative effect on perceived risk. Among the driving-related personality traits, locus of control has significant effects on behavioral intention, whereas sensation seeking did not. This study investigated that the developed model explains the factors that influence the acceptance of autonomous vehicle. The results of this study provide evidence on the importance of trust in the user’s acceptance of an autonomous vehicle.     

In Google We Trust: Users' Decisions on Rank, Position, and Relevance

An eye tracking experiment revealed that college student users have substantial trust in Google's ability to rank results by their true relevance to the query. When the participants selected a link to follow from Google's result pages, their decisions were strongly biased towards links higher in position even if the abstracts themselves were less relevant. While the participants reacted to artificially reduced retrieval quality by greater scrutiny, they failed to achieve the same success rate. This demonstrated trust in Google has implications for the search engine's tremendous potential influence on culture, society, and user traffic on the Web.     

The Impact of Company,Subject, and System Characteristics on the Trust Factors Affecting the Adoption of Internet-based Interorganizational Systems

An empirical study was conducted in Hong Kong to investigate perceptions regarding the impact of company, subject, and system characteristics on trust factors affecting the adoption of internet-based interorganizational systems (IIOSs). Data were collected from 295 practitioners and analyzed using t-tests and one-way ANOVA. This study confirms that company size affects views regarding the importance of trust factors to the adoption of IIOSs. Thus, practitioners should focus on company size during the adoption of IIOSs.     

Modelling and Control Strategies in Path Tracking Control for Autonomous Ground Vehicles: A Review of State of the Art and Challenges

Autonomous vehicle field of study has seen considerable researches within three decades. In the last decade particularly, interests in this field has undergone tremendous improvement. One of the main aspects in autonomous vehicle is the path tracking control, focusing on the vehicle control in lateral and longitudinal direction in order to follow a specified path or trajectory. In this paper, path tracking control is reviewed in terms of the basic vehicle model usually used; the control strategies usually employed in path tracking control, and the performance criteria used to evaluate the controller’s performance. Vehicle model is categorised into several types depending on its linearity and the type of behaviour it simulates, while path tracking control is categorised depending on its approach. This paper provides critical review of each of these aspects in terms of its usage and disadvantages/advantages. Each aspect is summarised for better overall understanding. Based on the critical reviews, main challenges in the field of path tracking control is identified and future research direction is proposed. Several promising advancement is proposed with the main prospect is focused on adaptive geometric controller developed on a nonlinear vehicle model and tested with hardware-in-the-loop (HIL). It is hoped that this review can be treated as preliminary insight into the choice of controllers in path tracking control development for an autonomous ground vehicle.     

Autonomous Vehicles and Avoiding the Trolley (Dilemma): Vehicle Perception,Classification, and the Challenges of Framing Decision Ethics

Abstract

This article aims to introduce a degree of technological and ethical realism to the framing of autonomous vehicle perception and decisionality. The objective is to move the socioethical dialog surrounding autonomous vehicle decisionality from the dominance of “trolley framings” to more pressing ethical issues. The article argues that more realistic ethical framings of autonomous vehicle technologies should focus on the matters of HMI, machine perception, classification, and data privacy, which are some distance from the decisionality framing premise of the MIT Moral Machine experiment. To support this claim the article appeals to state-of-the-art technologies and emerging technologies concerning autonomous vehicle perception and decisionality, as a means to inform and frame ethical contexts. This is further supported by considering a context specific ethical framing for each time phase we anticipate regarding emerging autonomous vehicle technology.     

Applying the Technology Acceptance Model to Social Networking Sites (SNS): Impact of Subjective Norm and Social Capital on the Acceptance of SNS

With their heavy traffic and technological capabilities, social networking sites (SNS) introduced a new means of building and maintaining perceived social capital. This study aims to identify underlying factors and causal relationships that affect behavioral intention to use SNS. For this purpose, this research developed an extended technology acceptance model, incorporating subjective norm and perceived social capital for predicting SNS acceptance and usage. Exploratory correlation and path analyses were conducted to identify the relationships between five constructs: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norm, perceived social capital, and intention to use. The results showed that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use had robust effects on the user's intention to use SNS. The research findings also demonstrated that subjective norm and perceived social capital were significant predictors of both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use and therefore should be considered as potential variables for extending the technology acceptance model.     

Investigating the Impact of Task Change Type and Transparency on Transfer of Learning

This article investigates users' transfer of learning on two e-mail platforms with different transparency levels and task change types. The objective is to provide implication on task design in product upgrading. A mixed design of 4 (types of task change)?×?2 (transparency)?×?2 blocks (Hotmail and Outlook platform) within-subjects design and 3 levels of expertise between-subjects design, both having repeated measures on type of task change and transparency, was used to evaluate participants' transfer of learning. A main effect of both transparency and task change type is expected. High-transparency tasks are expected to lead to higher performance than low-transparency tasks. Commission task changes are expected to lead to lower performance than other types of task change due to the addition of new task steps. The results showed that commission task changes led to the greatest disturbance on user performance, whereas performance is best during sequence task changes in which participants have a positive transfer in performance time per step and no increase in error ratio. Participants also showed better transfer of learning in high-transparency tasks. The conclusion is that transparency level is critical in the future design of product changes. A refined design approach is necessary to ensure that the design tasks are highly transparent to users. In addition, to facilitate user's transfer of learning, commission task changes should be reduced and sequence task changes should be increased.     

Social Mental Shaping: Modelling the Impact of Sociality on the Mental States of Autonomous Agents

This paper presents a framework that captures how the social nature of agents that are situated in a multi-agent environment impacts upon their individual mental states. Roles and social relationships provide an abstraction upon which we develop the notion of social mental shaping . This allows us to extend the standard Belief-Desire-Intention model to account for how common social phenomena (e.g. cooperation, collaborative problem-solving and negotiation) can be integrated into a unified theoretical perspective that reflects a fully explicated model of the autonomous agent's mental state.     

Trust and Social Control: Sources of Cooperation,Performance, and Stability in Informal Value Transfer Systems

Computational Economics - We study the functioning of informal value transfer systems through the example of Hawala. By complementing the institutional theory with computational experiments that...     

The Impact of Flow Experience and Personality Type on the Intention to Use Virtual World

Virtual World (VW) had gained and lost its popularity over the past decades. Although people were initially excited about the potential of such technology, the original excitement has not been maintained and the VW has lost its reputation. We design an experimental study to learn about the factors that impact the intention to use or not use VW (i.e., Second Life, SL). Our proposed model is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, Technology Acceptance Model, Embodied Social Presence theory, Flow theory, and Jungian personality theory. Over 160 students participated in this study and the results support our proposed model, where a positive flow experience with VW influences the attitude towards VW, in turn influencing intention to use VW. Furthermore, VW flow experience can itself be impacted by personality of the individuals behind the avatars in VW, perceived peer influence, perceived usefulness, and familiarity with VW.     

汽车散热器烘焊工艺优化控制系统的研究

本介绍了汽车散热器芯子烘焊自动线优化控制系统的设计方案，提出了双重优化控制方法，即先借助正交试验建立各种型号散热器的工艺参数模型库，生产中再依靠质量、能耗指标进行修正，及时调整控制过程参数。实际运行表明：生产质量大大提高，能耗显降低。     

智能网联电动汽车节能优化控制研究进展与展望

提升纯电动汽车整车能效、降低百公里耗电量, 是我国新能源汽车产业发展的重大需求. 智能网联背景下, V2X (Vehicle to everything)网联信息以及激光雷达、毫米波雷达、摄像头、定位及导航装置等各类车载传感器, 为智能网联电动汽车(Connected automated electric vehicle, CAEV)提供了全方位的信息交互、共享和状态感知能力, 赋予了其巨大的节能优化潜力. 针对CAEV节能优化控制问题, 首先从动力电池、电机控制器、驱动电机、传动机构、轮胎和驾驶决策六个环节分析电动汽车的典型损耗特性, 从决策、控制和执行三个层面分析CAEV的能量转换过程及耦合关系, 以及网联信息对CAEV 的节能影响; 然后, 从决策层车速优化、控制层驱动/制动转矩优化控制和执行层电流矢量优化控制三个方面, 对各层的节能优化问题进行阐述, 并重点对国内外研究现状进行归纳分析; 最后, 对决策层、控制层和执行层CAEV节能优化控制的难点以及现有研究工作进行总结, 并对下一步发展趋势进行展望.     

Investigating the Impact of Investments in Telecoms on Microeconomic Outcomes: Conceptual Framework and Empirical Investigation in the Context of Transition Economies

We propose and test a conceptual model allowing for the investigation of the microeconomic impact of investments in telecoms. While the impact of investments in telecoms on the macroeconomic outcomes has been previously investigated, there seems to be no published research that looked at the microeconomic impact of telecom investments. The proposed conceptual model links investments in telecoms with microeconomic constructs that are closely associated with such measure of macroeconomic bottom line as GDP; this allows us to outline a more detailed path traversed by the impact of investments. We use structural equation modeling to test the proposed model in the context of a sample of transition economies comprising two groups differing in terms of economic development. The results suggest the existence of the context-independent paths that are common to both groups; however, there is evidence that some of the impacts of investments in telecoms are dependent on the level of economic development. The results of the investigation offer valuable insights to decision and policy makers tasked with the responsibility of improving the micro- and macroeconomic impacts of investments in telecoms.     

Defining the virtual self: Personality,behavior, and the psychology of embodiment

Although researchers have discussed the existence of a virtual self, or embodiment of human characteristics within an avatar, little known about how the virtual self influences a player’s behavior within a virtual environment. To better understand this relationship, World of Warcraft game players were asked to complete personality-rating scales for both themselves and their avatars. In addition, in-world behavior was recorded and then analyzed using a behavioral assessment checklist. Results suggested a relationship between personality and behavior within the domain of agreeableness. Based on these findings, the researchers discuss implications for the construct known as the virtual self, as well as the inclusion of psychological systems design into the overall game design process.     

A Review of the Web Sites of Small Australian Wineries: Motivations, Goals and Success

Many Australian small and medium sized businesses have web sites that offer a range of facilities for the consumer: information provision, online ordering, and community participation. In a study carried out on Australian winery web sites, it was observed that the smaller the winery, the less likely it was that it had a web site. However, those small wineries that do have web sites seem to be more innovative and are more likely to offer a wider range of Internet facilities than other small business web sites. This is almost the opposite of the general trend where the smaller the business the less innovative it is likely to be. An e-mail interview conducted with owners of a sample of the wineries, indicated that the reason for this is the need for smaller wineries to attract a larger market, perhaps at a lower cost. This stage of the study indicated that there is also a lack of planning going into web site implementation and maintenance. Recommendations are made for governments and industry bodies to improve the level of understanding of the benefits of the Internet to small wineries in general, and to impress upon them the need for planning for their implementation and upkeep. These findings are important for the opportunities that they provide to the many small wineries that have not created a web site and may provide the catalyst for some of them to do so.     

微机械陀螺冲击特性及可靠性研究

为了深入掌握微机械陀螺的冲击响应特性,本文进行了详细的理论推导和MATLAB仿真分析,并进行了测试验证。冲击试验结果表明,理论分析和试验结果基本一致,考虑最坏情况可知,当脉宽对应的冲击频率与陀螺固有频率越接近,并且陀螺品质因子和冲击加速度幅值越大时,则冲击带来的影响就越大,梁越容易发生断裂失效。因此要使MEMS陀螺具有较强的抗冲击能力,必须综合优化设计陀螺的真空度和固有频率。     

浅析跨国网络犯罪的特征及防控

计算机信息技术的迅速发展和普及在给人们提供方便快捷的同时,也给了不法分子以可乘之机。跨国网络犯罪的滋生、蔓延和扩大不仅侵害到了人们的财产、隐私及安全,还对社会政治、经济秩序造成了严重的影响。把握跨国网络犯罪的特征,并提出切实有效的防控对策才能遏制和打击跨国网络犯罪的发展及其危害的扩大。     

自动导航车驱动模块设计及运动控制仿真

设计了自动导航车(AGV)的驱动模块,建立了三轮式AGV的运动学模型,获得了运动控制规律.以直线和"8"字形为参考轨迹,进行仿真跟踪.仿真结果验证了控制策略的有效性和正确性.