Investigating the Importance of Trust on Adopting an Autonomous Vehicle

The objective of this study is to examine the user’s adoption aspects of autonomous vehicle, as well as to investigate what factors drive people to trust an autonomous vehicle. A model explaining the impact of different factors on autonomous vehicles’ intention is developed based on the technology acceptance model and trust theory. A survey of 552 drivers was conducted and the results were analyzed using partial least squares. The results demonstrated that perceived usefulness and trust are major important determinants of intention to use autonomous vehicles. The results also show that three constructs—system transparency, technical competence, and situation management—have a positive effect on trust. The study identified that trust has a negative effect on perceived risk. Among the driving-related personality traits, locus of control has significant effects on behavioral intention, whereas sensation seeking did not. This study investigated that the developed model explains the factors that influence the acceptance of autonomous vehicle. The results of this study provide evidence on the importance of trust in the user’s acceptance of an autonomous vehicle.     

Evaluating Initial Public Acceptance of Highly and Fully Autonomous Vehicles

ABSTRACT

The autonomous vehicle (AV) is expected to dramatically increase road safety. Understanding the public’s initial perceptions and acceptance of AV is imperative because these aspects are likely to determine the future evolution of AVs. This study focuses on public perceptions and acceptance of the two highest levels of vehicle automation – highly autonomous vehicle (HAV) and fully autonomous vehicle (FAV). We drew from the conversation on trust and developed a psychological model to explain three acceptance measures, namely, general acceptance, behavioral intention to use, and willingness to pay (WTP). Using a between-subject survey (N = 742), we determined that the respondents held a stronger belief of benefits from FAV than from HAV. Trust in AV retained a direct effect as well as an indirect effect (mainly through perceived benefit) on the three acceptance measures. In comparison with perceived risk, perceived benefit exerted a higher direct effect on AV acceptance and a higher mediating effect on the trust–acceptance relationship. A prediction analysis further demonstrated that the model exhibited acceptable predictive capability for public acceptance. We drew certain implications for increasing AV acceptance.     

基于自动化接受度模型的车外交互研究

摘 要：随着科技的不断进步,新技术不断进入人们的生活,自动驾驶驾驶技术也得到了 快速的发展。但单纯的技术提高并不能带来人们接受度的随之增加。为了提高人们对无人驾驶 技术的接受度,对自动化接受度模型进行研究,探究如何从认知接受度提升的角度改善自动驾 驶座舱的人机交互,并从接受度模型的核心影响因素的角度分析车外人机交互用户体验问题。 通过分析半封闭场景下车外交互的使用场景及行人与无人车交互时的用户行为,归纳出行人行 为特征模型,再结合自动化接受度模型的相关研究,从信任度、协作性的角度提升车外交互的 有效性和认知接受度。基于自动化接受度 AAM 模型提出了符合行人行为特征和认知的车外人 机交互策略,从而提高沟通效率和接受度。     

面向无人驾驶地图更新的安全信任管理方案

地图的实时性和准确性在无人驾驶车辆导航中发挥着重要作用。基于卫星图像的数字地图能够保证地图中道路信息的准确性,但是根据相关路况信息进行实时更新时,由于车辆用户数较多且来源复杂,因此无法确保数据的安全性和可靠性。提出一种基于区块链的认证与信任管理方案。利用无证书签名技术实现车辆的匿名认证,保证车辆身份的可验证性和不可否认性。设计基于区块链的信任管理机制,通过存储在区块链上的历史信任值计算路况消息的可信度,同时将可靠的路况信息发送给地图更新服务器,根据车辆提供信息的真实与否更新车辆信誉值,实现车辆信誉的同步与更新。从计算开销、通信开销和信任管理功能等方面验证了该方案的有效性。仿真结果表明,该方案具有较高的地图更新效率和防骗能力,能够确保数据来源的安全性和可靠性,为无人驾驶车辆提供实时路况更新服务。     

Extending the TAM for a t-commerce

Broadband communication at home allows television to become an e-commerce medium that merges video, voice, and transactional data. t-commerce is electronically mediated commerce using interactive television. Theoretical and empirical analysis was undertaken and reported here to explain the factors that influence potential users’ adoption of t-commerce by extending the technology acceptance model. The study also compared the factors influencing t-commerce adoption between experienced and inexperienced users. Seven factors were identified: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, trust, attitude, normative belief of family and friends, and subjective norm. Although the factors were not the same between the two groups, the differences were not large. Perceived enjoyment is the most important factor affecting attitude and behavioral intention toward t-commerce. From a theoretical point of view, the study extended the TAM for t-commerce adoption by potential users in the home environment. Moreover, this study also provided practical implications for t-commerce providers.     

结合状态机和动态目标路径的无人驾驶决策仿真

目的 决策系统是无人驾驶技术的核心研究之一。已有决策系统存在逻辑不合理、计算效率低、应用场景局限等问题,因此提出一种动态环境下无人驾驶路径决策仿真。方法 首先,基于规则模型构建适于无人驾驶决策系统的交通有限状态机;其次,针对交通动态特征,提出基于统计模型的动态目标路径算法计算状态迁移风险;最后,将交通状态机和动态目标路径算法有机结合,设计出一种基于有限状态机的无人驾驶动态目标路径模型,适用于交叉口冲突避免和三车道换道行为。将全速度差连续跟驰模型运用到换道规则中,并基于冲突时间提出动态临界跟车距离。结果 为验证模型的有效性和高效性,对交通环境进行虚拟现实建模,模拟交叉口通行和三车道换道行为,分析文中模型对车流量和换道率的影响。实验结果显示,在交叉口通行时,自主车辆不仅可以检测冲突还可以根据风险评估结果执行安全合理的决策。三车道换道时,自主车辆既可以实现紧急让道,也可以通过执行换道达成自身驾驶期望。通过将实测数据和其他两种方法对比,当车流密度在0.20.5时,本文模型的平均速度最高分别提高32 km/h和22 km/h。当车流密度不超过0.65时,本文模型的换道成功率最高分别提升37%和25%。结论 实验结果说明本文方法不仅可以在动态城区环境下提高决策安全性和正确性,还可以提高车流量饱和度,缓解交通堵塞。     

A two-staged SEM-neural network approach for understanding and predicting the determinants of m-commerce adoption

The advancement in wireless and mobile technologies has presented tremendous business opportunity for mobile-commerce (m-commerce). This research aims to examine the factors that influence consumers’ m-commerce adoption intention. Variables such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, trust, cost, network influence, and variety of services were used to examine the adoption intentions of consumers. Data was collected from 376 m-commerce users. A multi-analytic approach was proposed whereby the research model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM), and the results from SEM were used as inputs for a neural network model to predict m-commerce adoption. The result showed that perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, trust, cost, network influence, and trust have significant influence on consumers’ m-commerce adoption intentions. However, the neural network model developed in this research showed that the best predictors of m-commerce adoption are network influence, trust, perceived usefulness, variety of service, and perceived enjoyment. This research proposed an innovative new approach to understand m-commerce adoption, and the result for this study will be useful for telecommunication and m-commerce companies in formulating strategies to attract more consumers.     

Convergence adoption model (CAM) in the context of a smart car service

This study proposes the convergence adoption model (CAM) in the context of a smart car service. The unique characteristics of convergence technology demand the incorporation of compatibility judgment, task-technology-fit (TTF) and the effect of visual design to fully understand users' adoption intention. The results of our study indicate that the compatibility with past experiences with existing and comparable technologies is indeed a critical factor affecting perceived ease-of-use, usefulness, and enjoyment of convergence technology. TTF is found to directly influence the adoption intention and mediate the effect of perceived usefulness and enjoyment on the adoption intention. Finally, the results show that visual attractiveness of the interface design enhances the evaluation of the key constructs of our model, such as compatibility judgment, perceived enjoyment, and adoption intention of convergence technology.     

具备匿名性和信任评估的车联网数据转发方案

随着智能交通系统的快速发展以及车辆用户的持续增长,数据转发成为车联网的研究热点之一.然而车辆节点的高速移动,导致网络拓扑结构的快速变化以及网络持续连通性变差;此外由于车联网无线通信的属性,数据转发的内容以及车辆用户的信息很容易被窃听和泄露;同时存在一些车辆用户可能拒绝转发数据.因此,在车联网中如何保证数据转发的可靠性以...     

An empirical investigation of a modified technology acceptance model of IPTV

This study explores the factors influencing the adoption of IPTV, and tests the applicability of the technology acceptance model (TAM) in a new convergent technology. The behavioural constructs from TAM were tested for predicting user acceptance of IPTV. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse data and to design a theoretical model predicting the individual's intention to adopt IPTV. A modified TAM for IPTV proposes that new constructs determine user-perceived usefulness and enjoyment of using IPTV. Although this study confirms the impact of information quality and system quality on consumers' technology experience, it specifically shows that the perceived quality of content and system were found to have a significant effect on users' perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment. In addition, social influences had a positive effect on the intention to use IPTV. These findings suggest an extension of the TAM model for convergence technologies. This research advances theory and contributes to the foundation for future research aimed at improving the understanding of users' adoption behaviour of convergence technologies. Implications of these findings for practice and research are examined.     

Acceptance of Internet-based learning medium: the role of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation

This study is one of the few attempts to investigate students’ acceptance of an Internet-based learning medium (ILM). By integrating a motivational perspective into the technology acceptance model, our model captured both extrinsic (perceived usefulness and ease of use) and intrinsic (perceived enjoyment) motivators for explaining students’ intention to use the new learning medium. Data collected from 544 undergraduate students were examined through the LISREL VIII framework. The results showed that both perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment significantly and directly impacted their intention to use ILM. Surprisingly, perceive ease of use did not posit a significant impact on student attitude or intention towards ILM usage. Implications of this study are important for both researchers and practitioners.     

E-banking in Jordan

The reasons why some customers use e-banking systems whereas others do not is the problem that motivated this study. This study examines the factors underlying customers' technology adoption based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). E-banking adoption is studied from the information systems acceptance point of view; banking customers use the information system to make financial transactions and hence more knowledge of the factors that affect information technology adoption is useful to better understand and facilitate their acceptance. Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, subjective norms, security and trust, Internet experience and enjoyment are the important factors that affect customers' adoption of e-banking in Jordan.     

Understanding Chinese users’ continuance intention toward online social networks: an integrative theoretical model

This study explores users’ continuance intention in online social networks by synthesizing Bhattacherjee’s IS continuance theory with flow theory, social capital theory, and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to consider the special hedonic, social and utilitarian factors in the online social network environment. The integrated model was empirically tested with 320 online social network users in China. The results indicated that continuance intention was explained substantially by all hypothesized antecedents including perceived enjoyment, perceived usefulness, usage satisfaction, effort expectancy, social influence, tie strength, shared norms and trust. Based on the research findings, we offer discussions of both theoretical and practical implications.     

Towards an understanding of the consumer acceptance of mobile wallet

This study seeks to validate a comprehensive model of consumer acceptance in the context of mobile payment. It uses the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model with constructs of security, trust, social influence, and self-efficacy. Structural equation modeling is used to construct a predictive model of attitudes toward the mobile wallet. Individuals’ responses to questions about attitude and intention to adopt/use a mobile wallet were collected and analyzed with various factors modified from UTAUT. While the model confirms the classical role of technology acceptance factors (i.e., perceived usefulness and ease of use are key antecedents to users’ attitude), the results also show that users’ attitudes and intentions are influenced by perceived security and trust. In the extended model, the moderating effects of demographics on the relations among the variables were found to be significant. The proposed model brings together extant research on mobile payment and provides an important cluster of antecedents to eventual technology acceptance via constructs of behavioral intention to use and actual system usage.     

The respective roles of perceived usefulness and perceived fun in the acceptance of microcomputer technology

Abstract

This study examined the effects of two main factors affecting microcomputer technology acceptance: perceived usefulness and perceived fun. We examined whether users are motivated to accept a new technology due to its usefulness or fun. Results of this study suggest that perceived usefulness is more influential than perceived fun in determining whether to accept or reject microcomputer technology. We also examined the impact of computer anxiety on acceptance. Results showed that computer anxiety had both direct and indirect effects on user acceptance of microcomputer technology, through perceived usefulness and fun. We also found attitude (satisfaction) to be less influential than perceived usefulness and fun. Implications for the design and acceptance of microcomputer technology and future research are discussed.     

Exploring factors affecting Chinese consumers' usage of short message service for personal communication

Abstract. Short message service (SMS) is very popular in China. While many reports indicate that the SMS market has great potential, little is known about why people adopt SMS. This study uses the technology acceptance model and network externalities to examine the factors influencing the adoption of SMS for personal communication in China. Using data collected from 262 mobile phone users, we find that perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment and perceived service cost affect SMS use. Perceived network externalities also contribute to higher perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use and affect SMS adoption. The results provide insight to SMS marketing strategies.     

An Integrated Model of Voice-User Interface Continuance Intention: The Gender Effect

Advanced speech recognition technology facilitated the development of voice-based smart devices. Voice user interface (VUI) is now a common feature on smartphones, computers, smart home devices, and car systems. The fragmented and context focused literature on VUI motivates this examination of the relationship between perceived quality and customer satisfaction in VUI portable devices. This study is the first to introduce extrinsic motivational factors as an extension to Wixom and Todd’s model. These additional antecedent factors add an enriched explanation of VUI user behavior. This study is also the first to consider the role of gender in a VUI behavior model. Our findings suggest that the proposed driving factors, including trust, perceived risks, perceived enjoyment, and mobile self-efficacy, significantly affect VUI user attitudes, which influence their continuance intention. Our results also address the role of gender on the association of attitude toward VUI use and its antecedents. The findings show that perceived risk (privacy concerns) and perceived ease of use are more influential on VUI use behavior of males than females. However, the effect of trust and mobile self-efficacy play a more crucial role for females than males.     

Driving comfort,enjoyment and acceptance of automated driving – effects of drivers’ age and driving style familiarity

Automated driving has the potential to improve the safety and efficiency of future traffic and to extend elderly peoples’ driving life, provided it is perceived as comfortable and joyful and is accepted by drivers. Driving comfort could be enhanced by familiar automated driving styles based on drivers’ manual driving styles. In a two-stage driving simulator study, effects of driving automation and driving style familiarity on driving comfort, enjoyment and system acceptance were examined. Twenty younger and 20 older drivers performed a manual and four automated drives of different driving style familiarity. Acceptance, comfort and enjoyment were assessed after driving with standardised questionnaires, discomfort during driving via handset control. Automation increased both age groups’ comfort, but decreased younger drivers’ enjoyment. Younger drivers showed higher comfort, enjoyment and acceptance with familiar automated driving styles, whereas older drivers preferred unfamiliar, automated driving styles tending to be faster than their age-affected manual driving styles.

Practitioner Summary: Automated driving needs to be comfortable and enjoyable to be accepted by drivers, which could be enhanced by driving style individualisation. This approach was evaluated in a two-stage driving simulator study for different age groups. Younger drivers preferred familiar driving styles, whereas older drivers preferred driving styles unaffected by age.     

Exploring the impact of use context on mobile hedonic services adoption: An empirical study on mobile gaming in China

Unlike traditional technologies, the use of mobile technology is exposed to shifting use contexts. Use context has frequently been described as an important factor influencing the adoption of mobile innovations. However, empirical evidence about the impact of use context is limited. This paper investigated the effect of use context on the formation of users’ perceptions of mobile hedonic services by using mobile gaming as an example. Through the employment of structural equation modelling technology, an adoption model of mobile gaming is proposed and assessed based on results from 267 questionnaires. The results show that use context is the strongest predictor of mobile game adoption. It directly or indirectly affects all different perceptions of mobile gaming in significant ways, including perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, cognitive concentration, attitude and behavioral intention. Additionally, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment and cognitive concentration all have a positive influence on the attitudinal variables of mobile game acceptance. We concluded that the formation of people’s perceptions about mobile gaming is conditional and based on the special consideration of certain use contexts. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Exploring Chinese users’ acceptance of instant messaging using the theory of planned behavior,the technology acceptance model,and the flow theory

Instant messaging (IM) is a popular Internet application around the world. In China, the competition in the IM market is very intense and there are over 10 IM products available. We examine the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations that affect Chinese users’ acceptance of IM based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the technology acceptance model (TAM), and the flow theory. Results demonstrate that users’ perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment significantly influence their attitude towards using IM, which in turn impacts their behavioral intention. Furthermore, perceived usefulness, users’ concentration, and two components of the theory of planned behavior (TPB): subjective norm and perceived behavioral control, also have significant impact on the behavioral intention. Users’ intention determines their actual usage behavior.