Al—Li8090力Ti—6Al—4V的20kHz微动疲劳研究

用超声疲劳试验技术研究了Ａｌ－Ｌ８０９０铝锂合金和Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ钛合金在２０ｋＨｚ时的微动损伤现象,试验结果表明,在极高频率下,了有微动损伤发生,并可引发疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展。导致微动疲劳破坏。     

圆弧端齿结构微动疲劳试验加载装置的设计及实现

针对圆弧端齿结构三维微动疲劳试验难度大、成本高等问题,提出了一种二维等效加载方案,设计并实现了微动疲劳试验加载装置,建立了二维结构微动疲劳试验模型。对典型圆弧端齿结构的二维等效试件进行了微动疲劳试验,发现疲劳裂纹萌生于接触面的接触边缘,接触面出现大量微动磨屑,为典型的微动疲劳失效形式。试验结果表明,该微动疲劳试验加载装置可满足端齿结构微动疲劳试验要求,为微动损伤机理分析和微动疲劳寿命预测提供了试验数据支持。     

疲劳载荷周次对铁路车轴微动损伤的影响

对比例车轴进行了微动疲劳试验,试验后对车轴轮座微动损伤进行了观察,并测量了车轴和车轮的微动磨损轮廓.此后,在考虑微动磨损的情况下,仿真研究了疲劳载荷周次对铁路车轴微动疲劳的影响.研究发现:车轴微动损伤区宽度几乎不受疲劳载荷周次的影响,而轮座边缘微动损伤随载荷周次增加而增加.低载荷周次和高载荷周次时,车轴微动区氧化物分别...     

低周载荷下NiTi微动疲劳寿命预测模型研究

微动磨损加速材料疲劳失效,微动疲劳是微动磨损和普通疲劳共同作用的结果;NiTi形状记忆合金具有良好的耐磨性和抗疲劳特性,可以延缓损伤的发生和扩展;改进原有的微动疲劳寿命预测模型,将微动磨损作为影响微动疲劳寿命的重要因素,引入NiTi微动疲劳寿命预测模型中;给出合理有效的NiTi微动疲劳寿命预测模型.     

关于微动磨损与微动疲劳的研究

微动磨损与微动疲劳是２种主要的微动模式,造成的损伤在工业中相当普遍,并可能引发灾难性的后果。主要研究了们移幅度、压力和疲劳应力３个基本微动参数,并以获得的微动区域、微动图为基础,分析了微动磨损与微动疲劳的运行机制和破坏规律。为更好地了解微动磨损与微动疲劳之间的内在联系,进一步探讨了接触磨损与局部疲劳、局部疲劳与整体疲劳之间的竞争机制。     

TC4合金微动疲劳损伤研究

研究了TC4合金在柱面-平面接触务件下的微动疲劳行为，分析了其微动疲劳损伤机制。结果表明：在试验务件下，微动区边缘的损伤特征以粘着磨损为主，而微动区中部则以磨粒磨损和接触疲劳为主。疲劳裂纹易于在微动区．特别是在蚀坑处萌生和扩展。促使微动疲劳裂纹萌生的因素：一是法向应力和切向摩擦力引起的材料表层塑性变形，二是微动磨损破坏了材料的表面完整性，造成了缺口应力集中效应。     

40CrNi2MoA合金钢的弯曲微动疲劳特性

在不同弯曲载荷下,对40CrNi2MoA合金钢进行弯曲微动疲劳试验,建立其弯曲微动疲劳下的循环次数-应力曲线;通过对微动损伤区的微观分析,研究该合金钢的弯曲微动疲劳特性。结果表明:40CrNi2MoA钢弯曲微动疲劳应力曲线不同于常规疲劳应力曲线,呈现"C"型曲线特征;随着弯曲载荷的增加,微动依次运行于部分滑移区、混合区和滑移区;相对于另外两个区域,混合区试样的裂纹更易萌生、扩展且微动疲劳寿命最短;试样表面的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和剥层;由于接触应力和弯曲应力的影响程度不同,弯曲微动疲劳裂纹的扩展分为三个阶段,即接触应力控制阶段、接触应力与弯曲疲劳应力共同控制阶段和完全受弯曲应力控制阶段。     

高低周复合载荷作用下微动疲劳寿命预测研究

对高低周复合载荷作用下微动疲劳寿命预测方法进行了研究。首先，进行了高低周复合载荷作用下的桥式试件和榫联接试件的微动疲劳试验。其次，对微动疲劳中的力学参数进行分析，提出了将力学参数分为应力状态参数和微动摩擦参数两类。用边界元法对试件接触表面的参数进行分析。最后，基于数值分析和试验结果，建立了合金钢在高低周复合载荷作用和受钛合金微动作用时的微动疲劳寿命预测公式，并将其应用于榫联接试件的寿命计算，结果令     

基于面面接触结构的高温微动疲劳寿命预测研究

航发叶片与轮盘连接处长时小幅相对位移将产生微动疲劳，交变载荷受温度效应对结构造成严重损伤。现有疲劳寿命模型预测未能充分考虑高温对微动疲劳的影响，预测结果与工程实际寿命存在较大差距。因此，需建立一种考虑温度效应微动疲劳寿命预测模型。以航空发动机燕尾榫结构为研究对象，设计高温燕尾榫微动疲劳试验，探讨高温对微动疲劳损伤的影响。基于燕尾榫的高温微动疲劳试验，探究高温对其微动疲劳损伤的影响机制，提出一种考虑温度效应的燕尾榫高温微动疲劳寿命预测模型，并通过试验验证准确性。结果表明：所提模型与试验数据之间具有良好的相关性，证明该模型具有良好的预测精度，其预测误差小于19.24%，预测结果位于±1.5倍分散带内，为航空发动机燕尾榫的结构优化改进与损伤容限设计提供理论依据。     

铁路车轴过盈配合结构微动磨损与微动疲劳研究

采用比例车轴试样进行了微动疲劳试验,试验后观察了车轴微动区的微动磨损与微动疲劳损伤,并测量了车轮、车轴配合面磨损轮廓.试验结果表明,车轴轮座边缘微动区的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损、剥层和氧化磨损.车轴微动疲劳裂纹萌生于微动区内部,初始裂纹角度与车轴径向方向成29°.随着裂纹的扩展,裂纹角度逐渐减小.此后,基于测量的磨损轮廓...     

Torsional fretting fatigue strength of a shrink-fitted shaft with a grooved hub

Fretting causes considerable reduction in the fatigue strength of a shrink-fit assembly and failures through fretting are as numerous as failures from normal fatigue. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of contact pressure and slip amplitude on the fatigue limit, and a favourable value for overhang of hub and fillet radius with constant diameter ratio, at which fretting failure can be avoided and the maximum normal fatigue strength will be obtained. The torsional fatigue strength of shrink-fitted shaft couplings was estimated by tests performed by varying the overhang of the hub, the fillet radius of the shaft and the contact pressure of the shrink-fitted assembly. Press-fitting of the hub overhanging the shoulder was used to increase the contact pressure. The tests were performed using a grooved hub. These experiments showed that fretting was reduced with an increase in contact pressure, because the slip amplitude decreased. The shaft was fractured just inside the end of the fit by fretting fatigue with low contact pressure, but if the contact pressure was very high, the shaft fractured at the fillet by normal fatigue. The fretting fatigue limit at a constant diameter ratio increases with an increase in the fillet radius, and reaches its maximum value at a certain radius using the grooved hub.     

Fretting fatigue behavior of Al7075-T6 at sub-zero temperature

In some fretting fatigue applications, such as aero industry, the temperature may drop well below −50 °C Fretting fatigue behavior of aluminum alloy Al7075-T6 is investigated at temperatures of 24, 0, −25 and −50 °C in this work. The results show that (i) normal fatigue life increases considerably at sub-zero temperatures up to around 85% for low working stresses and reduces to about 40% for higher working stresses; (ii) fretting fatigue life at sub-zero temperatures rises significantly up to around 220% for low working stresses and reduces to about 50% for higher working stresses; (iii) ultimate strength of material changes from −15% to 15% under the fretting fatigue test conditions; and finally (iv) some parameters such as mechanical properties and fatigue behavior of material at low temperatures, contact load relaxation, crack closure, oxidation and some unknown sources can be thought to be responsible for fretting fatigue behavior of Al7075-T6 at sub-zero temperatures.     

An Investigation into the Effect of Normal Load Frequency on Fretting Fatigue Behavior of Al7075-T6

Most previous studies on fretting fatigue have been accomplished under constant normal loading and less attention has been paid to cyclic normal loading. An innovative test apparatus was specially designed and manufactured for fretting fatigue tests under cyclic loading in this work and the fretting fatigue behavior of Al7075-T6 was investigated at different normal load frequencies. A finite element model was developed to study the effect of normal load frequency on the contact stress distribution. It was found that the cyclic normal load has a more damaging effect on fretting fatigue life compared to constant normal load, particularly at lower frequencies. The results showed that at the normal load frequency of f = 1 Hz, fatigue life decreased by 52% in the high cycle fatigue regime and 28% in the low cycle fatigue regime. The experimental results also indicated that at the normal load frequency of 80 Hz, the fretting fatigue life converged to its corresponding life under constant normal load condition. The fracture surface and the fretting area of the specimens were examined using both optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental observations showed that the dominant partial slip condition with a wider slip region compared to constant normal loading, severe delamination, and higher oxidation rate due to the normal load release at each cycle, are the most important reasons for significant reductions in fretting fatigue life, under cyclic normal loading, especially for low normal load frequencies.     

Fretting fatigue of zinc coated low carbon steel EN H320 M

The object of the present study was to investigate the influence of zinc coatings on steel sheets during fretting fatigue and fatigue tests. The influence of the fatigue stress range, normal pressure and amplitude of slip, on the fracture life was studied for both coated and uncoated EN H320 M steel. The wear produced by fretting was measured and compared with the fracture life evolution for different values of slip amplitude. The wear scars and the fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy to identify the degradation mechanism. Although zinc films do not influence the fatigue life of the tested steel, when fretting is superposed on to a fatigue stress the coating markedly improves the fracture life.     

Effects of humidity and contact material on fretting fatigue behavior of an extruded AZ61 magnesium alloy

Fretting fatigue tests of the extruded AZ61 magnesium alloy with the same contact material under low and high humidity were carried out to investigate basic fretting fatigue characteristics and effect of humidity on fretting fatigue behavior. Influence of contact material was also studied by using JIS S45C carbon steel contact material. Degradation of fatigue strength due to fretting was much more significant than that due to corrosion under high humidity condition. Therefore, no effect of humidity on fretting fatigue strength was found. Reduction rate of fatigue strength due to fretting for the magnesium alloy was between those of aluminum alloys and titanium alloys. Tangential force coefficient of the magnesium alloy was rather low compared to other materials such as steels, aluminum alloys and titanium alloys. Fretting fatigue strength with the S45C contact material was inferior compared to that with the same contact material. This is mainly due to higher tangential force in AZ61/S45C contact. Fretting fatigue cracks at the edge of fretting contact region were observed to nucleate in the very early stage of fatigue life, similar to other structural materials.     

Mixed high low fretting fatigue of Ti6Al4V: Tests and modelling

In this paper fretting fatigue tests under a combined HCF/LCF loading regime are reported. This loading cycle is representative of operating conditions at the interface of the dovetail fixing between fan and blade in an aeroengine, although a classical geometry was considered, viz. the contact of cylinders against a ground flat tensile specimen. Both, specimen and pads were made of fan blade and disc alloy Ti6Al4V. The main objective of these experiments was to investigate the influence of such complex contact loads on the fretting damage and most importantly on fretting fatigue. A methodology to estimate total life is proposed and assessed against the experimental data. The results show that the main effect on fretting fatigue life is associated with the level of tangential force and that the predictive method was able to capture the effect of the experimental parameters on life, together with the influence of the residual stress field due to shot peening.     

Fretting fatigue in hydrogen gas

To clarify the effect of hydrogen gas on fretting fatigue strength of the materials, which supposed to be used for hydrogen utilization machines, fretting fatigue tests were conducted in hydrogen gas. It is important to take fretting fatigue into account in strength design, because many fatigue failure accidents have occurred at joints or contact parts between components. As a part of the experiments, an austenitic stainless steel was focused in this paper. The material was SUS 304. Fretting fatigue strength in hydrogen gas decreased compared with that in air. Tangential force coefficient increased in the reverse order of fretting fatigue strength. Therefore, one of the reasons of the decrease of fretting fatigue strength was that tangential force was different depending on the environment. Absorption of hydrogen occurred during fretting in hydrogen gas was detected. The absorption could be considered as one of the causes of the decrease of fretting fatigue strength, since fretting fatigue life of pre-charged specimen was decreased and also the crack propagation threshold of short fatigue crack was reduced by hydrogen charge.     

Fretting Fatigue Life Estimation of Al 7075-T6 Using Plain Fatigue Test

Fretting fatigue occurs in many engineering applications. Fretting fatigue life is estimated by experiment, which is tedious and requires special equipment and instrumentation. In this study, we attempt to introduce a method for estimation of fretting fatigue life from plain fatigue (normal fatigue without fretting) experiments. The method employs the critical distance theory for estimation of fretting fatigue life of Al7075-T6 under rotary bending loading. The approach uses the Fatemi-Socie parameter (FSP) as a multiaxial criterion to account for the stress multiaxiality on focus path. A comparison between the predictions of the new approach with the experimental results shows that the approach is quite accurate for low stress or high cycle fatigue regimes but for high stresses it is slightly conservative. This method considers only elastic behavior for materials and two characteristic diagrams that are obtained simply by testing two simple notched specimens under plain fatigue conditions. The method is therefore an applicable approach that can be used in the context of finite fretting fatigue life estimation with no need for fretting fatigue tests.     

The effect of hydrogen gas environment on fretting fatigue strength of materials used for hydrogen utilization machines

The objective of this study is the characterization of the fretting fatigue strength in a hydrogen gas environment. The test materials were a low alloy steel SCM435H, super alloy A286 and two kinds of austenitic stainless steels, SUS304 and SUS316L. The test was performed in hydrogen gas at 0.12 MPa absolute pressure. The purity of the hydrogen gas was 99.9999%. The fretting fatigue limit was defined by the fretting fatigue strength at 30 million cycles. For all materials, the fretting fatigue strength in the hydrogen gas environment increased in the short-life region. However, the fretting fatigue strength in the hydrogen gas environment decreased in the long-life region when exceeding 10 million cycles except for SCM435H, while there was no reduction in the fretting fatigue strength in air between 10 and 30 million cycles. The reduction rate was 18% for A286, 24% for SUS304 and 7% for SUS316L. The tangential force coefficient in the hydrogen gas environment increased when compared to that in air. It can be estimated that this increase is one of the causes of the reduced fretting fatigue strength found in a hydrogen gas environment. In order to discuss the extension of the fretting fatigue life in hydrogen gas observed at the stress level above the fretting fatigue limit in air, continuous measurement of the fretting fatigue crack propagation was performed in a hydrogen gas environment using the direct current potential drop method. As a result, it was found that the extension of the fretting fatigue life was caused by the delay in the start of the stable crack propagation.     

Tangential stress range-compressive stress range diagram for fretting fatigue design curve

Fretting fatigue strength can be effectively predicted regardless of pad geometry, rigidity, contact pressure and slip amplitude based on the tangential stress range-compressive stress range diagram. However, the tangential stress range-compressive stress range diagram is a material property and applicable only to the material concerned. In the present study, a new approach for predicting fretting fatigue strength irrespective of material has been proposed based on a generalized tangential stress range-compressive stress range diagram. The generalized tangential stress range-compressive stress range diagram was obtained by normalizing the tangential stress range and compressive stress range values by tensile strength of each material. It was found that the generalized tangential stress range-compressive stress range diagrams for all the steels merged to one line and could be applicable for predicting fretting fatigue strength of wide range of steels.