含氮杂环化合物与有机酸协同体系在镍、钴萃取分离中的应用

近年来开发了多种含氮杂环化合物与有机酸类萃取剂的协同体系,明显提高了镍、钴的萃取性能,同时增强了对杂质元素的分离效果,具有较大的实际应用价值。本工作综述了一些具有代表性的含氮杂环化合物与有机酸类萃取剂组成的协同萃取体系,探讨了萃取体系对镍、钴的协同萃取效果及与常见杂质元素的分离,并讨论了协同萃取体系潜在的工业应用。协同体系对镍、钴的萃取及对杂质元素的分离主要是由酸性萃取剂本身性质和含氮杂环协萃剂的影响共同决定,有机磺酸、羧酸、膦酸等萃取剂与含氮杂环化合物组成的协同萃取体系在萃取镍、钴的过程中对金属杂质元素分离的选择性不同,在镍、钴的提取及生产过程中也展现出不同的应用价值。     

萘磺酸类染料废水络合萃取机理研究

研究络合萃取体系处理萘磺酸类染料废水的作用及萃取机理,选取苯磺酸和叔胺(二甲苯)萃取剂组成的体系对萃合物的化学组成、萃取反应平衡常数K、萃取过程热效应进行了研究。结果表明,胺盐萃合物结构式为[0.63R3N·HA],K=17.51L/mol,萃取过程为放热反应。     

烟塔合一机组中水冷却的凝汽器在线化学清洗

介绍了烟塔合一机组且使用中水冷却的凝汽器在线化学清洗,使用的膦羧酸类高效清洗剂是由膦羧酸外加分散剂、缓蚀剂、粘泥剥离剂、浸润剂等清洗助剂复配而成的一种全有机化学清洗剂,具有水溶性好,螯合能力强等特点。该药剂在不停车的情况下,对换热器内的污垢起到很好的去除作用,而且对设备的腐蚀很小,安全可靠。     

络合萃取技术及其应用

络合萃取技术对于极性有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性。本文主要从有机羧酸、酚类、有机磺酸类、有机胺类及带有两性官能团的有机物稀溶液几方面介绍了络合萃取技术的研究现状及应用前景。综述了络合萃取过程的特点和研究进展。     

RE(Ⅲ)-HPMBP-DAMP协萃体系的研究

弱酸性螯合萃取剂HPMBP（1－苯基－3－甲基－4－苯甲酰基－吡唑啉酮－5）与中性协萃剂DAMP（甲基磷酸二异戊酯）对三价稀子离子RE（Ⅲ）协同萃取过程,有氢离子放出：     

溶剂萃取镁的研究进展

简述了从溶液中萃取镁的研究发展历程,分别介绍了胺类萃取剂、中性萃取剂、螯合萃取剂以及酸性萃取剂萃取镁的过程和萃取基本原理,溶剂萃取镁的技术主要用在物质的分离提纯中除去镁杂质、废水净化处理、资源化回收镁等。总结了溶剂萃取镁的研究应用现状,以及溶剂萃取镁在工业化应用中存在的不足之处。并对萃取镁的研究新方向作了简要介绍,有待进一步深入研究。     

三烷基氧膦反应萃取一元羧酸的规律

化学萃取法对有机羧酸稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性.萃取剂的相对碱性是表征萃取剂性质的重要参数.选取三烷基氧膦（TRPO）为萃取剂,煤油为稀释剂,甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、己酸、一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸、乳酸9种一元羧酸为被萃溶质,研究了溶质种类、TRPO浓度对萃取剂相对溶质的相对碱度（pK_a,BS）的影响,探索了从化学反应基本理论出发研究络合萃取平衡规律的可行性.实验结果表明,对于TRPO/煤油萃取剂体系,pK_a,BS值不随TRPO的浓度而变化;而溶质的亲油性和酸性对pKa,BS值影响显著;从基本理论出发推证的只包含溶质的pK_a以及萃取剂的pK_a,BS的描述反应萃取平衡规律的数学表达式可以预测TRPO萃取有机羧酸的平衡规律,并对水溶性较小或萃取平衡分配系数较小体系的pK_a,BS值测定提出了简单、易行的修正方法.     

盐湖提锂萃取剂及萃取体系研究进展

中国盐湖中蕴藏着丰富的锂资源,溶剂萃取法提锂是目前研究较多且较深入的方法之一。大量研究表明,萃取剂分子的结构是决定萃取效率的关键因素。对近年来盐湖卤水提锂萃取剂及萃取体系的研究进展做了综述,着重综述了醇+酮、有机磷、季胺盐-偶氮离子螯合-缔合、冠醚和离子液体等不同类型萃取剂及萃取体系的研究现状,分析了各类萃取剂在提锂过程中的机理、特点及存在的问题,并在此基础上对溶剂萃取法盐湖提锂萃取剂的发展方向做了展望。     

甲醇-丙酮体系的间歇萃取精馏研究

在常规的间歇萃取精馏实验装置中,研究了以蒸馏水为萃取剂间歇萃取精馏分离甲醇-丙酮共沸物的过程。考察了萃取剂、全回流时间、共沸物组成、溶剂与混合物的体积比、加盐、加碱等因素对萃取精馏分离甲醇-丙酮共沸体系的影响,从而得出最佳的萃取条件。     

乙醇-乙酸乙酯体系的间歇萃取精馏研究

在常规的间歇萃取精馏实验装置中,研究了以N,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)和二甲亚砜(DMSO)作萃取剂;在间歇萃取精馏塔中分离乙醇-乙酸乙酯体系的过程。对全回流时间、不同萃取剂、恒沸物组成、溶剂和混合物的体积比、加盐及加碱等因素考察,分析萃取精馏分离乙醇-乙酸乙酯共沸体系的影响,从而得出最佳的萃取条件。     

Introduction of oxygen functions into asphaltenes and resins

Introduction of oxygen functions into bitumen fractions causes significant changes in the physical properties. The products possess the capability of reducing the surface tensions of aqueous systems. Derivatives containing the sulphonic group are more hydrophilic than those materials containing carboxylic and/or phenolic functions and appear to have superior dispersing and emulsifying properties.     

EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS OF FOAMING TENDENCIES IN AQUEOUS GAS SWEETENING SOLUTIONS CONTAINING MDEA OVER A TEMPERATURE RANGE OF 297-358K AND A PRESSURE RANGE OF 101-500KPA

This work presents experimental measurements of foaming tendencies and break times for 50 wt% aqueous solutions of MDEA in contact with nitrogen, methane, and ethane gases from atmospheric pressure to 500 kPa and temperatures from 297 to 358 K. The effect of various contaminants including methanol, HEP (1,4- bis-2-hydroxyethyl piperazine), hexane, and carboxylic acids ranging from formic to dodecanoic acid was investigated. Only those systems containing carboxylic acids heavier than valeric acid exhibited foaming. Foaming tendency in systems containing carboxylic acids was worsened by the addition of methanol and HEP, although the difference was moderate. Foaming was shown to be worse at lower pressure and at higher temperature. Foaming in MDEA systems was shown to be substantially worse than that measured previously by McCarthy and Trebble (1996) for aqueous systems of DEA.     

Cross-linking agents for the protection of lyocell against fibrillation: stability of benzeneacrylamido compounds to high temperature acidic environments

A number of benzeneacrylamido compounds, each with at least one sulphonic acid or carboxylic acid group, have been synthesised and converted to the corresponding methyl ethers. The derivatives were then subjected to high temperature polyester dyeing conditions (130 °C) in pH 4.0 buffer solution for 1 h. Derivatives with sulphonic acid groups meta or para to the amide links proved to be hydrolytically stable to the high temperature treatment, whereas derivatives with either an ortho sulphonic acid or carboxylic acid substituent underwent significant amide hydrolysis. This is consistent with previous findings and with a neighbouring group participation mechanism. Accordingly, benzeneacrylamido cross-linking agents for lyocell fibres, designed to be hydrolytically stable to a range of high temperature polyester dyeing conditions appropriate for polyester/lyocell blends, should be devoid of ortho sulphonic acid or carboxylic acid substituents.     

立方型状态方程用于液体过量体积的计算

用 SRK、PR 和 YU-LU 三个立方型状态方程对常压下的液体混合过量体积进行了关联计算,涉及的体系包括非极性、弱极性、水及羧酸等强极性混合物。对于对称的非极性、弱极性、极性流体混合物获得了良好的结果,但这种计算方法不适用于含水或羧酸的体系。     

反相离子对色谱法测定甲苯法生产己内酰胺过程中的磺化副产

提出一种用反相离子对色谱测定甲苯法生产己内酰胺过程中的磺化副产(α-羧基环己烷磺酸)的方法。使用甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲溶液作为流动相,在Shim-pack VP-ODS色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)上,等度洗脱工业生产样品中的酸性副产、磺化副产、环己烷羧酸等组分。该流动相为体积分数37.5%甲醇,7.0 mmol/L的四丁基溴化铵7,5 mmol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液(pH=3.0);紫外检测波长213 nm。用本方法分析样品,证实该方法对α-羧基环己烷磺酸具有良好的分析测定效果,同时还可以测定样品中环己烷羧酸的含量和酸性副产相对值,为工业生产优化和中控提供有利的依据。     

SOLVENT EXTRACTION WITH SULPHONIC ACIDS.

Advances in solvent extraction of metal ions with sulphonic acids is reviewed for the period 1973 to the present. Physical aspects of micelle formation and water uptake by the extractant are dealt with as well as applications to specific systems. The synergism of mixtures, notably those containing crown ethers, is reviewed.     

含极性组分体系的超额焓

提出了一种改进的Flory模型,将Flory溶液模型的相互作用参数x_(12)表达成体系组成的函数,并改进了纯物质参数的确定方法。由改进后的Flory溶液模型导出的超额焓方程能用于含水、醇、酮和羧酸等强极性物质体系的超额焓计算。计算结果比改进前的Flory模型、Wilson模型和NRTL模型都好。     

Separation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids Using Quaternary Ammonium Salts on Reversed‐Phase HPLC. 1. Separation Behavior of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids

Abstract

In order to develop separation processes and analytical methods for aromatic carboxylic acids for the coal oxidation products, the separation behavior of aromatic carboxylic acids on a reversed‐phase HPLC using eluent containing quaternary ammonium salt has been investigated. The retention mechanism of aromatic carboxylic acids was discussed on the basis of both ion‐pair partition model and ion–exchange model. The retention behavior of aromatic carboxylic acids possessing one (or two) carboxylic acid group(s) followed the ion‐pair partition model, where linear free energy relationship was observed between the capacity factor and the extraction equilibrium constants of benzoic acid and naphthalene carboxylic acid. Besides, the retention behavior followed ion‐exchange model with increasing the number of carboxylic acids, where the capacity factor of benzene polycarboxylic acids is proportional to the association constants between aromatic acids and quaternary ammonium ions calculated on the basis of an electrostatic interaction model.     

Acid dyeable and printable acrylic fabrics treated with cationic aqueous polyurethane

An acid dyeable acrylic fabric has been obtained by the pretreatment with cationic aqueous polyurethane, containing different amounts of quaternary nitrogen. Cationic polyurethane has the ability to interact with the carboxylic groups in the acrylic fabrics, as well as providing basic sites suitable for acid dyeing. The prepared polyurethane has been identified with FTIR, and the effect of the pretreatment conditions on the dyeability and printability of the fabrics has been investigated. The color strength values and the fastness properties of the dyed and printed samples, reveal the ionic interaction between the sulphonic groups in the acid dye molecules and the quaternary nitrogen on the fabrics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

A novel palladium complex catalyst for carbonylation of alkynes under mild conditions

Carbonylation of alkynes has been carried out using a catalyst system consisting of Pd(OAc)₂, a monophosphine, p‐toluene sulphonic acid and semilabile anionic bidentate ligands such as pyridine or piperidine carboxylic acids. Turnover frequencies (TOF) upto 3500 h⁻¹ and 98% selectivity to 2‐substituted 2‐propenoic acid/ester have been achieved under mild CO pressures of 1–3 atm at 373 K. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.