Universality of slip avalanches in a ductile Fe-based bulk metallic glass

Intermittent serrated flows of a novel ductile Fe60Ni20P13C7 bulk metallic glass(BMG)at variant strain rates were investigated by statistics analysis.Peak and clutter distribution of slip-avalanche magnitudes are displayed during stable plastic flows at strain rates of 2×10-4 s-1 and 5×10-5 s-1,respectively,which means that serration behavior depends on the strain rate.However,the remarkable agreement between measured slip-avalanche magnitudes and the scaling behavior,i.e.a universal complementary cumulative distribution function(CCDF)predicted by mean-field theory(MFT)model,indicates that the plasticity of the present Fe-based BMGs can be tuned by imposed strain rates:Smax~6)ε-λ.This tuned plasticity is elucidated with expended free-volume model.Moreover,the scaling behavior of serrated flows for other strain rates can be predicted as well.     

Effect of pre-existing shear bands on mechanical properties and serration behaviors in bulk metallic glasses

Pre-existing (multiple) shear bands were introduced into the ductile Zr56 Co28 Al16 and Zr65 Ni10 Cu15 Al10 bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) through the lateral-deformation, respectively.It was found that the pre-exi-ting shear bands can further enhance the compressive plasticity of ductile BMGs.According to the serra-tion analysis on the plastic deformation of the as-cast and the pre-deformed samples, the serration events in the stress-strain curves during deformation display a self-organized critical (SOC) behavior.Compared with the as-cast BMGs, a larger power-law scaling exponent calculated based on serrated flow behaviors becomes larger for the pre-deformed BMGs, implying that the shear banding stability of BMGs is effec-tively enhanced.This should be caused by the pronounced interactions of shear bands during plastic de-formation for the pre-deformed BMGs.However, by introducing a large amount of multiple shear bands into the glassy matrix, it also becomes easier for shear bands to propagate along the pre-existing shear bands, leading to a lower cut-off elastic energy density for the pre-deformed BMGs.More multiple shear bands with stronger interactions for the pre-deformed BMGs could provide a larger chance to activate the shear-band cracking but less local elastic energies are remained for the subsequent crack-linking.     

Statistical analysis on strain-rate effects during serrations in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass

By means of statistical analysis, the deformation mechanisms taking place in elastic loading and plastic shearing stages during serrated flows on the stress-strain curves for bulk metallic glasses were studied comprehensively.Normalized serration number presented a linear increasing tendency with the decrease of applied strain rates due to the reduction of free volumes.An excellent plastic deformation was illustrated from the influences of structure arrangement with activation energy.By using mean-field theory (MFT), maximum elastic-energy density at different strain rates could be predicted by MFT besides maximum stress drops during serrations.These results were helpful for understanding the serrated flow behavior or designing decent schemes to improve the plasticity of bulk metallic glasses at room temperature.     

Rate Dependence of Serrated Flow and Its Effect on Shear Stability of Bulk Metallic Glasses

The rate dependence of serrated flow and its effects on the stability of shear banding were systematically investigated in a prototypic bulk metallic glass.It was found that with the increase of external strain rate,the serra-ted flow is gradually suppressed and could completely disappear at a critical strain rate.The serration size,character-ized by the mean stress drop amplitude,decreases inversely with the strain rate,while the waiting time for serration decreases with the strain rate in a power-law manner.The rate dependence of the serrated flow has important effects on the dynamics and stability of shear banding process,and leads to an optimal plasticity achieved around the critical strain rate for the disappearance of serrated flow.These results are discussed and interpreted in terms of the mi-croscopic deformation theory and the stick-slip dynamics of shear banding for bulk metallic glasses.     

A Brief Review of High Entropy Alloys and Serration Behavior and Flow Units

Multicomponent alloys with high entropy of mixing,e.g.,high entropy alloys (HEAs)and/or multiprin-cipal-element alloys (MEAs),are attracting increasing attentions,because the materials with novel properties are being developed,based on the design strategy of the equiatomic ratio,multicomponent,and high entropy of mixing in their liquid or random solution state.Recently,HEAs with the ultrahigh strength and fracture toughness,excel-lent magnetic properties,high fatigue,wear and corrosion resistance,great phase stability/high resistance to heat-softening behavior,sluggish diffusion effects,and potential superconductivity,etc.,were developed.The HEAs can even have very high irradiation resistance and may have some self-healing effects,and can potentially be used as the first wall and nuclear fuel cladding materials.Serration behaviors and flow units are powerful methods to understand the plastic deformation or fracture of materials.The methods have been successfully used to study the plasticity of amorphous alloys (also bulk metallic glasses,BMGs).The flow units are proposed as:free volumes,shear transi-tion zones (STZs),tension-transition zones (TTZs),liquid-like regions,soft regions or soft spots,etc.The flow units in the crystalline alloys are usually dislocations,which may interact with the solute atoms,interstitial types,or sub-stitution types.Moreover,the flow units often change with the testing temperatures and loading strain rates,e.g., at the low temperature and high strain rate,plastic deformation will be carried out by the flow unit of twinning,and at high temperatures,the grain boundary will be the weak area,and play as the flow unit.The serration shapes are related to the types of flow units,and the serration behavior can be analyzed using the power law and modified power law.     

Elastic deformation behavior of CuZrAlNb metallic glass matrix composites with different crystallization degrees

The room temperature brittleness has been a long standing problem in bulk metallic glasses realm.This has seriously limited the application potential of metallic glasses and their composites.The elastic deform-ation behaviors of metallic glass matrix composites are closely related to their plastic deformation states. The elastic deformation behaviors of Cu48-xZr48Al4Nbx(x=0, 3 at.%) metallic glass matrix composites (MGMCs) with different crystallization degrees were investigated using an in-situ digital image correlation (DIC) technique during tensile process.With decreasing crystallization degree, MGMC exhibits obvious elastic deformation ability and an increased tensile fracture strength.The notable tensile elasticity is attrib-uted to the larger shear strain heterogeneity emerging on the surface of the sample.This finding has impli-cations for the development of MGMCs with excellent tensile properties.     

铸轧AZ31镁合金的高温拉伸性能

研究了铸轧AZ31镁合金的高温拉伸性能和变形机制.在300~450℃条件下,分别以恒定拉伸速率10-3 s-1和10-2 s-1进行拉伸至失效试验,在真实应变率为2×10-4~2×10-2 s-1的范围内进行变应变率拉伸试验.当拉伸速率为10-2s-1时,试样在400℃和450℃的延伸率均超过100%;当拉伸速率为10-3 s-1时,试样在400℃和450℃的延伸率均超过200%,该条件下的应力指数n≈3,蠕变激活能Q=148.77 kJ·mol-1,变形机制为溶质牵制位错蠕变和晶界滑移的协调机制.通过光学金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察显示试样断口处存在由于发生动态再结晶和晶粒长大而形成的粗大晶粒,断裂形式为空洞长大并连接导致的韧性断裂.      

Self-organized Criticality Behavior in Bulk Metallic Glasses

Serrated flows are known as repeated yielding of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs)during plastic deformation under different loading conditions,which are associated with the operation of shear banding.According to the statis-tics of some parameters,the shear avalanches can display a self-organized critical state,suggesting a large ductility of BMGs.The emergence of the self-organized criticality (SOC)behavior in different BMGs is due to the tempera-ture,strain rate,and chemical compositions.The SOC behavior is accompanied with the following phenomena:the interactions occur in the shear bands;the incubation time is longer than the relaxation time;the time interval is lac-king of typical time scale;and the spatial or temporal parameters should display a power-law distribution.     

Cr17铁素体不锈钢的应变速率脆性

研究了Cr17铁素体不锈钢在高温拉伸试验过程中应变速率对合金断面收缩率的影响,并对其发生机制进行了分析。合金在500℃下以不同应变速率(1.43×10-6~1.33s-1)拉伸至断裂,测试断面收缩率,并利用电子探针对晶界成分进行了观察测试。结果表明:应变速率从1.43×10-6 s-1升高至1.43×10-2 s-1,断面收缩率降低,约在1.43×10-2 s-1时达到最低值。然后,随着应变速率增加至1.33s-1,断面收缩率升高。经电子探针测试证实,断面收缩率达到最低值的样品,硫在晶界上偏聚,其他应变速率拉伸的样品没有观察到硫的晶界偏聚。基于多晶金属弹性变形的微观理论,分析这些试验结果,证实了此合金在拉伸试验中具有应变速率脆性的基本特征——临界应变速率。     

应变速率对Q&P钢拉伸变形行为的影响

以汽车用先进高强度Q&P钢为研究对象,分析了应变速率对Q&P钢拉伸性能及变形行为的影响。结果表明,随应变速率增加,Q&P钢的强度增加,断裂延伸率则呈先下降(10-4s-1～10s-1),后上升至峰值(8×10s-1),之后再下降(102s-1～103s-1)的趋势。变形过程中强度的增加可能同形变回复受限,位错运动受阻有关。而断裂延伸率的变化主要与不同应变速率下Q&P钢中残余奥氏体向马氏体转变(即TRIP效应)有关。     

Serration Phenomena Occurring During Tensile Tests of Three High-Manganese Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steels

In this study, the serration phenomena of two high-Mn TWIP steels and an Al-added TWIP steel were examined by tensile tests, and were explained by the microstructural evolution including formation of localized Portevin–Le Chatelier deformation bands and twins. In stress–strain curves of the high-Mn steels, serrations started in a fine and short shape, and their height and periodic interval increased with increasing strain, whereas the Al-added steel did not show any serrations. According to digital images of strain rate and strain obtained from a vision strain gage system, deformation bands were initially formed at the upper region of the gage section, and moved downward along the tensile loading direction. The time when the band formation started was matched with the time when one serration occurred in the stress–time curve. This serration behavior was generally explained by dynamic strain aging, which was closely related with the formation of deformation bands.     

Optimisation of superplastic processing parameters for (Cu43Zr48Al9)98Y2 bulk metallic glasses

In this study,hot compression tests of (Cu_(43)Zr_(48)Al_9)_(98)Y_2 bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) were performed,and their micro structure and thermal properties after the deformation were studied to explore the appropriate range of their optimum processing parameters. The experimental results show that the superplastic deformation of (Cu_(43)Zr_(48)Al_9)_(98)Y_2 bulk metallic glasses depends mainly on the temperature and strain rate. It is suitable for superplastic processing when the alloys are in the state of Newtonian flow and do not crystallise. The appropriate processing parameters of (Cu_(43)Zr_(48)Al_9)_(98)Y_2 BMGs are the temperatures and strain rates, which are below the "dividing line". And when the temperature is above733 K, the strain rate must be1×10~(-3) s~(-1).     

Tensile Mechanical Behaviors of In Situ Metallic Glass Matrix Composites at Ambient Temperature and in Supercooled Liquid Region

In this study, new Ti-based metallic glass matrix composites (MGMCs) are fabricated, which contains ~41 vol pct of large dendrites with a size of ~0.8 to 1.2 μm, The newly developed Ti-based MGMCs exhibit excellent tensile strength of ~1650 MPa and a tensile strain of ~2.5 pct at room temperature. During tensile deformation, the work hardening is scarcely found in this alloy. Thus, the deformation of the in situ MGMC is simply described with two stages: (1) elastic and (2) softening deformation stages. Two simple models are adapted to simulate each stage. In the supercooled liquid region [at 613 K (340 °C)], superplastic homogeneous deformation, which is the feature of monolithic bulk metallic glasses, is not observed. The mechanical properties at 613 K (340 °C) are sensitive to the strain rates, the yield strength drops from 1390 to 960 MPa, when the strain rate decreases from 1 × 10^?2 to 1 × 10^?3/s, while the displacement is almost increased by twofold.     

Superplasticity of Directionally Solidified NiAl-15Cr Alloy at High Temperature

Ni-25Al-15Cr (atomic percent, %) alloy was directionally solidified (DS) under argon atmosphere in an Al2O3-SiO2 ceramic mold by standard Bridgman method. The microstructure of the as-fabricated alloy was studied using optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscope. The alloy consisting of dendritic β-NiAl phase, interdendritic γ/γ′ phase, and transient layer γ′ phase, has been investigated. This alloy exhibits superplastic deformation behavior at 1 273-1 373 K over an initial strain rate range of 8.35×10-4-1.67×10-2 s-1. The maximum elongation of 280% with strain rate sensitivity index m=0.22 was obtained at the temperature of 1 323 K and an initial strain rate of 8.35×10-3 s-1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicate that the superplastic deformation stems from the balance between high resistance (by dislocation sliding) and strain softening (by dynamic recovery and recrystallization).     

Deformation Behavior of Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr-1.0Mo-0.35Si-0.85Nd Alloy in β/Quasi-β Forging Process

The hot deformation behavior of Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr-1.0Mo-0.35Si-0.85 Nd alloy in β/quasi-β forging process was studied using isothermal compression tests over temperature range from 1040 ℃ to 1100 ℃ and strain rates form 0.001 s~(-1)to 70 s~(-1)The results show that the flow stress and microstructure are sensitive to thermomechanical parameters.The processing maps based on the dynamic materials model at strain of 0.3 and 0.7 were established.The optimum deformation thermomechanical parameters at a strain of 0.7 have two regions that exhibit the peak of power dissipation efficiency.One is the region of 1062-1100 ℃ and 10~(-3)-10~(-1.5)s~(-1); and another which represents dynamic recrystallization is 1040-1045 ℃ and 10~(-1.8)-10~(-0.9)s~(-1)The instable region is located where the strain rate is larger than 1 s~(-1)which corresponds to the mechanical instability.     

Indentation creep behaviors of Mg61Cu28Gd11 and （Mg61Cu28Gd11）99.5Sb0.5 bulk metallic glasses at room temperature

The room temperature creep behaviors of Mg61Cu28Gd11 and(Mg61Cu28Gd11)99.5Sb0.5 bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) were revealed by means of nanoindentation technique.The creep mechanism was explored by characterization of creep rate sensitivity,creep compliance and retardation spectra.The results showed that the experimental creep curves could be well described by a generalized Kelvin model.The low creep rate sensitivity of both Mg-based BMGs indicated that their room temperature creep was dominated by localized shear flow.In addition,the(Mg61Cu28Gd11)99.5Sb0.5 glassy alloy exhibited lower creep rate sensitivity,creep compliance and milder retardation peak,indicating its higher creep-resistance and less relaxed state.Furthermore,the creep retardation spectrum consisted of two relatively separated peaks with the well defined characteristic relaxation times.     

DP980钢的动态力学性能及本构模型构建

随着汽车轻量化事业的不断推进,先进高强DP钢得到了快速的发展和应用.而汽车碰撞过程安全性的模拟仿真,对DP钢提出了动态力学性能数据的迫切需求.利用万能拉伸试验机和高速拉伸试验机系统研究了高强度DP980钢不同应变速率下的力学性能,构建并修正了基于JC模型的动态本构数学模型,并进行了模型计算结果与试验数据的对比分析.试验...     

55SiMnMo贝氏体钢高温流变应力本构方程

 采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对55SiMnMo贝氏体钢进行了热压缩试验,得到了其在变形温度为950~1150℃和应变速率为0.01~10s-1条件下的高温流变应力行为。试验结果表明,峰值应力随变形温度的降低和应变率的提高而增大;当应变速率为0.01和0.1s-1,变形温度t ≥1000℃时,发生动态再结晶。基于试验结果,充分考虑了热变形工艺参数（应变、应变速率和变形温度）对流变应力的影响,建立了一种考虑应变速率补偿的高温流变应力本构方程。通过对该本构方程预测得到的流变应力值和试验值对比,验证了模型的准确性。     

On some aspects of compressive properties and serrated flow in Mg-Y-Nd-Zr alloy

The deformation behavior of the Mg-Y-Nd-Zr (WE54) alloy at temperatures between 25 and 400 °C was investigated by uniaxial and plans strain compression tests at strain rate values of 10-2 and 10-4 s-1....     

On the Portevin-Le Chatelier Effect Due to Snoek Strain Aging in the Niobium Oxygen System

Dynamic strain aging in niobium containing between 0.01 and 0.95 at. pct oxygen was investigated between 77 and 971 K using a nominal strain rate of 8.8 × 10^-5 s^-1. At higher oxygen concentrations both type A and type B serrations were observed between 355 and 422 K. It is proposed that all of this serrated flow is due to Snoek dynamic strain aging. This is supported by the appearance of the serrations at much lower temperatures than those normally associated with Cottrell strain aging and the observation that the time between the type A serrations on a stress strain curve equals the jump time of an oxygen atom. Strain rate sensitivity measurements were consistent with the generally accepted view that serrations occur only when the strain rate sensitivity becomes sufficiently negative.