碳素除尘灰在三脱铁水预处理中的循环利用

通过对三脱铁水预处理实际生产分析,铁鳞剂在使用效果、生产成本方面存在一定的不足,使用碳素红泥球替代铁鳞剂后,生产过程稳定顺行,脱磷效果良好,碳素除尘灰得到有效的循环利用,取得良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

Development of Slag Recycling Process in Hot Metal Desulfurization with Mechanical Stirring

In order to develop an environment‐friendly steelmaking process, a slag recycling process for hot metal desulfurization by mechanical stirring was designed. The process was developed with 70 kg‐scale hot metal experiments and actual plant tests. The recycled slag has a 70% desulfurization ability compared with that of virgin flux (CaO‐5%CaF₂). The lower efficiency of the recycled slag was caused by SiO₂ contamination carried over from the previous process. There is no particular size requirement for the recycled slag, as the effect of the recycled slag size on the desulfurization ability is small. The ratio of CaO in the recycled slag to total CaO should be less than 60% in order to prevent an increase in the amount of slag. Slag recycling operation can be repeated more than twice when the optimum conditions are applied. The slag recycling process was established in an industrial operation, and consumption of desulfurization flux decreased by 40% with the process compared with that without slag recycling. Slag hot recycling was adopted at another plant where consumption of desulfurization flux decreased by 50% compared to operation without slag recycling. The positive effect of hot slag recycling is estimated to be a result of the temperature of the recycled slag.     

铁水预处理粉剂组成对脱硫的影响

在实验室小型实验炉内进行了铁水脱硫预处理的实验研究,渣的基本组成为CaO-CaF2,在脱硫剂中分别配入AD粉、BaO、CaCl2和Mg,从而不同程度提高了脱硫率。对这些组元的作用进行了理论分析。     

含锌粉尘用于铁水预脱硅

为在钢厂内循环利用含锌粉尘,在实验室进行了含锌粉尘用于铁水预脱硅的研究,分析了铁水脱硅及渣中Zn挥发的影响因素.结果表明:1500℃下将转炉和电炉含锌粉尘按1:1混合对铁水进行预脱硅,脱硅效果比烧结粉尘更好,脱硅产生的泡沫渣高度更低,脱硅渣中Zn的挥发率可达99%;提高铁水温度、增加铁水搅拌强度都有利于脱硅;随铁水初始Si含量升高,粉尘脱硅率增加.     

铁水中微量元素对炼钢工艺的影响

水钢采用低比例的钒钛矿高炉炼铁,获得含有钒钛等微量元素的铁水,其性质既不同于一般铁水,也不同于高钒钛铁水,为了弄清这些微量元素对转炉炼钢工艺的影响,分析了钒钛钢渣的物相、熔化性,用高频感应炉模拟转炉吹炼过程并结合生产试验得知:1)普通铁水的碳焰温度为1 370～1 400℃,水钢铁水的碳焰温度为1 400～1 430℃,比普通铁水高约30℃;2)在较小的供氧速度下,铁水中的钛、硅、锰可与碳分阶段氧化;3)含有TiO2炉渣的发泡能力、储泡能力强于不含TiO2的炉渣,炉渣中的CO反应性气泡使炉渣的发泡更加严重;4)在转炉吹炼前中期,炉渣中过高的FeO、较低的碱度,炉渣中大量的C-FeO反应,以及含有TiO2炉渣的储泡性质,是喷溅的主要原因。     

400系列不锈钢除尘灰复合喷吹预脱磷回收铬研究

介绍了利用400系列不锈钢除尘灰复合喷吹铁水预脱磷并回收铬的实验研究。计算了利用除尘灰铁水预脱磷并回收Cr的可行性,计算表明,脱磷后Cr的回收率较高。与单喷相比,利用除尘灰复合喷吹处理后硅的含量显著下降,铁水预脱磷的处理周期减少了约15 min,处理所消耗的石灰和氧化铁皮都有所减少。     

Research for Using Iron & Steelmaking Zinc Laden Dust to Desulphurisze Hot Metal

In order to promote recycling of zinc laden dust, desulphurizing hot metal using the dust has been researched on a laboratory scale and the possibility of developing a new desulphurization (De‐S) method has been evaluated. The thermodynamic data of the Zn‐O‐S system has been determined with an electrochemical cell. The results indicate that ZnS sublimes at a temperature between 1450 and 1460 K. Directly as a result of this phase change the driving force for desulphurization with Zn or ZnO increases with increasing temperature beyond this sublimation temperature, thus potentially making Zn based reagents useful for high temperature desulphurization reactions. Feasibility reactions were also performed to confirm that ZnO can effectively react with FeS (1473 to 1653 K) or with Fe‐Csat‐S (1473‐1673K) to remove S. There is therefore potential for the utilization of ZnO laden waste dust or granular zinc as additional or alternative reagents for desulphurization. This paper provides a theoretical basis and the feasibility for granular Zn (and/or ZnO) replacing granular Mg for desulphurizing hot metal.     

废钢材回收中含锌烟尘的产出现状分析

介绍了我国废钢材回收的现状,分析了炼钢烟尘的主要来源及特点,提出了从炼钢烟尘中回收锌的原料获得渠道。     

电炉直接利用Cr Ni不锈钢除尘灰的试验分析

 Cr Ni不锈钢冶炼过程中每吨不锈钢产生30~40 kg的除尘灰,其中含有大量氧化铬、氧化镍、氧化铁等金属氧化物,研究回收除尘灰中金属元素的技术具有重要意义。在分析研究国内外除尘灰回收利用技术的基础上,通过热力学计算分析,提出将除尘灰压球后,直接装入电炉,利用碳硅还原除尘灰中的金属元素。对此技术在160 t电炉内进行前期试验研究,由试验结果可知,铁的回收率与试验熔清碳含量、硅铁加入量、渣碱度、温度等没有直接的关系,铬、镍的还原率受上述因素影响较大。     

Self-reduction Mechanism of Coal Composite Stainless Steel Dust Hot Briquette

To efficiently recycle valuable metals such as chromium and nickel in stainless steel dust,self-reduction experiments were carried out to study the reduction mechanism of metal oxides in coal composite stainless steel dust hot briquette,which is defined as a CCSB here.Self-reduction of CCSB is proceeded by volatile matter and fixed carbon contained within CCSB.Experiments were performed to study the effects of temperature and carbon to oxygen(C/O_(Coal))ratio on self-reduction of CCSB.At 1 400 and 1 450℃,volatile matter in coal used for experiment could take the place of about 40% of fixed carbon in coal.Under the present experimental conditions,reduction product of chromium appears as FeCr_2O_4,Cr_2O_3,Cr_7C_3,and[Cr]in turn during reduction.To evaluate the formation of metal nuggets in self-reduction process of CCSB,metal nuggets containing chromium and nickel were observed in outside of reduction products under various conditions,and thermodynamic equilibrium calculation was carried out for possible products and formation of molten metal by fixed carbon.SEM and EDS analyses were made for metal nugget and slag in reduced product.The results reveal that it is reasonable to achieve the metal nuggets at 1 450 ℃,0.8 of C/OCoalratio and 20 min of reduction time.The nugget formation can indicate one innovative process for comprehensive utilization of stainless steel dust.     

钢渣热闷技术及再利用分析

介绍了钢渣热闷技术原理、工艺及热闷后加工所得产品的利用情况。生产实践表明,钢渣热闷技术可以充分回收钢渣中的残钢,提高钢渣再利用率。     

济钢低硅铁水吹炼工艺实践

介绍了低硅铁水的吹炼工艺实践。通过对少渣炼钢过程的理论分析,采用倒锥度氧枪、优化供氧及造渣制度、控制终渣碱度等措施,解决了低硅铁水炼钢的造渣、脱磷、脱硫、粘枪等技术难题,实现了低硅铁水条件下的少渣炼钢,降低了石灰消耗、提高了金属收得率。     

75t铁水罐脱硫工艺及实践

通过对高炉－转炉的长流程生产线上各脱硫工序、脱硫容器、各种喷吹型式以及脱硫剂优缺点的分析比较,论述了北台钢厂脱硫工艺的确定原则和选择结果,并提出北台钢厂喷枪和铁水罐耐火材料选用建议,并通过对北右钢厂试生产结果的分析,提出了下阶段降低脱硫剂和温降的主要措施。     

铁水热装工艺对50 t电炉特钢流程运行影响的研究

对莱钢50 t电炉特钢流程研究与应用铁水热装工艺进行了较为系统的介绍,经过实践获得了最佳的热装铁水比.对于以齿轮钢为代表的低碳钢,最佳铁水比为30%;对于以轴承钢为代表的高碳钢,最佳铁水比为40%.经过对该项技术的系统优化,使得电炉与连铸机的生产节奏匹配,提高了莱特50 t电炉流程的生产效率,缩短冶炼周期5～10 min,降低冶炼电耗80～110 kW·h/t,降低过程温降、中间包钢水过热度15～25℃,并且有效地稀释了钢中残余元素,提高连铸机连浇炉数至162炉,实现了电炉与连铸的小时产量匹配与均衡生产.     

不锈钢AOD精炼过程数学模拟进展

综述了不锈钢AOD精炼过程的数学模拟。分析了有关模型的成功和不足，指出进一步深入研究该精炼过程具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

铁水包脱磷工艺研究

研究在铁水包内喷吹CaO粉剂、顶加氧化铁皮及同时喷吹氧气的铁水脱磷反应。通过测定实际生产过程中脱磷渣的磷平衡分配比及其它组成物成份和相关工艺参数,计算出脱磷渣的磷容量,进而分析了铁水硅含量、温度、脱磷渣碱度及氧化铁等成份对该脱磷工艺的影响。     

济钢600t混铁炉侧兑铁工艺

为解决混铁炉的烟尘污染，济钢将600t混铁炉的顶兑铁工艺改为侧兑铁工艺。增加了兑铁槽、流槽等设施，在兑铁槽上设置挡渣结构并安装了兑铁、出铁除尘罩，使铁水中的铁渣过滤掉70％～80％，减轻了铁渣对耐火材料的侵蚀，减轻了铁水对混铁炉内衬的冲刷，烟尘的捕集率达90％，改善了工作环境。     

宝钢铁水预脱硫用复合颗粒钝化镁开发

钝化镁粒在铁水炉外脱硫中已得到了广泛应用.采用新工艺开发了一种新型复合颗粒钝化镁,经测定该钝化镁的燃点约为650℃,安息角平均值为26°,阻燃时间平均达到25.7 s,在宝钢获得了较好的工业应用效果,铁水预处理终点w(S)均达到了0.003%以下,最低终点w(S)达到0.001%.     

铁水成分和工艺参数对转炉炼钢成本影响的分析

针对鞍钢第三炼钢厂现有工艺，建立了转炉冶炼和炉外精炼的原料成本模型，以研究铁水成分及工艺参数对转炉炼钢的成本的影响，由于计算机模拟生产条件和工艺参数的变化，确定了一最佳出钢硫含量，使转炉炼钢成本最低。