低合金高强度钢的强化机理及生产工艺的探讨

针对国内低合金高强度钢发展中存在的问题，探讨了该钢种微合金元素的强化机理，简要介绍了低合金高强度钢的成分的优化设计及生产工艺。     

V对C-Mn钢针状铁素体组织的改善

1　前言在焊接用低 C钢中 ,相互交错的细针状铁素体是所希望的显微组织 ,因为通过诸如普通的粗大贝氏体转变成细针状铁素体 ,可提高钢的韧性。通过金相观察 ,已较早认识到焊接金属中氧化物含量的重要性 ,焊接钢的夹杂物在铁素体片晶内形核 ,而不是在晶粒边界 ,这为针状铁素体组织的发展提供了有说服力的证据 ,否则 ,在晶粒边界成核将形成粗大组织。然而 ,关于针状铁素体形核的精确机理目前仍不清楚 ,很多理论还在辩论。通过对钢和夹杂物的密度的测量和比较 ,已认识到 ,并不是每一个铁素体单元都可以被夹杂物核化 ,而只有约 1 / 1 0是通过夹…     

Ti对低合金高强度钢焊接粗晶热影响区组织及韧性的影响

对Ti微合金化高强度钢模拟粗晶区组织及韧性的研究结果表明,焊接热循环过程中,钢中弥散的TiN粒子可有效地阻止奥氏体晶粒的长大,促进针状铁素体析出,从而显著改善低合金高强度钢粗晶热影响区的韧性,t8／5（800－500℃冷却时间）越大,这种改善作用越明显。     

低合金高强钢中针状铁素体控制的综述

在低合金高强钢中,形成大量的针状铁素体是满足高强度和高韧性的主要方法。影响针状铁素体体积分数的几个关键因素在不同的文献均有体现,也有综述文献总结了针状铁素体形核机制和有利于形核的夹杂物特征,但是并没有系统地总结各因素变化带来的影响。本文总结了奥氏体晶粒尺寸、冷却速率、夹杂物成分、夹杂物尺寸的变化对针状铁素体体积分数的影响。得出结论如下：奥氏体晶粒尺寸为100～200μm、冷却速率为5～10℃/s、夹杂物尺寸为1～2μm和（Ti、Mg、Zr）O_x夹杂物均有利于促进针状铁素体形核。     

新型低合金高强韧性耐磨钢的研究

采用多元合金化及变质处理设计了一种新型低合金高强度高韧性耐磨钢。研究了钢的基本特性、显微组织、断口形貌以及热处理工艺对钢的力学性能和耐磨性的影响。研究结果表明,该钢的过冷奥氏体的稳定性高,具有高淬透性及高回火稳定性,经８８０～９２０℃淬火及２５０～３００℃回火后获得回火板条马氏体组织,使钢具有高强韧性及高耐磨性     

冷却速率对Ti-Zr处理钢针状铁素体转变的影响

 大线能量焊接技术在低合金钢中的广泛使用降低了低合金钢的低温韧性,向低合金钢中添加适量的钛、锆元素可以促进针状铁素体形核,细化晶粒组织从而提高低合金钢的低温韧性。为了研究Ti-Zr处理钢中针状铁素体转变机理,使用25 kg真空感应炉中熔炼试验所需钢种,向低合金钢中添加了0.04%钛元素和0.014%锆元素;利用高温激光共聚焦显微镜原位观察了冷却速率对针状铁素体转变行为的变化;使用扫描电镜观察了Ti-Zr处理钢中的夹杂物成分和针状铁素体在夹杂物表面形核,使用光学显微镜观察不同冷速下的微观组织变化差异。试验发现,随着冷却速率从1增加至10 ℃/s,侧板铁素体的开始转变温度从770.2降低至632.4 ℃,针状铁素体的开始转变温度从731.5降低至612.6 ℃,针状铁素体的面积分数从47.91%增加至68.04%,针状铁素体与侧板铁素体的面积分数比值从1.34增加至3.54,针状铁素体与侧板铁素体的开始转变温度与结束转变温度差的比值从0.52增加至0.83,针状铁素体与侧板铁素体的面积分数之比与其转变温度区间之比存在正比例关系;不同冷却速率下,Ti-Zr处理钢中的主要夹杂物为ZrO₂-TiN-MnS,并且ZrO₂-TiN-MnS夹杂物可以有效促进针状铁素体形核;一方面是因为生成的贫锰区增加了铁素体转变驱动功;另一方面是因为ZrO₂-TiN-MnS夹杂物与铁素体有良好的晶格匹配关系降低了针状铁素体在夹杂物表面形核的界面能。     

提高低合金高强度钢强韧性的措施

本文通过对提高低合金高强度钢强韧性措施的探讨，结合舞钢的具体生产情况，提出了提高低合金高强度钢强韧性的工艺方法。     

低合金高强钢微观组织转变机制

摘要：通过高温激光共聚焦显微镜原位观察低合金高强钢（Q345R）在热循环过程中微观组织演变规律,并结合扫描电镜和纳米压痕,研究不同类型铁素体形核、长大机制及硬度。结果表明,铁素体可在晶界、亚晶界及夹杂物上形核,多边形铁素体及链状晶界铁素体主要在晶界上形核,而侧板条铁素体可在晶界及亚晶界上形核,而针状铁素体则主要在夹杂物及已形成的铁素体上形核,且奥氏体晶界及晶内亚结构尺寸控制了铁素体尺寸;讨论了夹杂物特征参数对针状铁素体形核的影响规律,Al、Mg、Ca、S等元素的含量达到一定比值且尺寸在5μm以下的复合夹杂物更容易成为针状铁素体的诱导核心;硬度实验结果表明,不同类型铁素体组织硬度存在差别,针状铁素体硬度最大可达到4GPa。     

Microstructure development in high-strength low-alloy steel welds

The reliability of steel welds becomes more critical issue with increasing steel strength,because brittle phases are more likely to form in the weld metals and heat-affected zone(HAZ) and thereby the toughness and ductility of the welds are degraded.Therefore,refinement of microstructure and minimization of the brittle phases are necessary to improve the reliability of the high-strength steel welds.In this presentation,microstructure formation that controls the toughness of weld metals and HAZ in high-strength low-alloy(HSLA) steel welds is reviewed and possible routes to the improvement of the weld microstructure and weld toughness are discussed.     

稀土处理钢中夹杂物对晶内针状铁素体形成的影响

分析了稀土处理钢中夹杂物的特征(夹杂物种类、尺寸分布和体积分数)对微观组织中针状铁素体形成的影响.结果表明,钢中夹杂物种类和体积分数对针状铁素体组织的形成非常重要.稀土氧化物(包含稀土氧硫化物)与铁素体具有低至1.9%的错配度降低针状铁素体在夹杂物表面的形核能垒,从而促使它在稀土氧化物上形核.反之,稀土硫化物与铁素体具有高达42.5%的错配度不能诱导生成针状铁素体组织.此外,微观组织中针状铁素体的体积分数随着夹杂物体积分数的增加而增大,当钢中夹杂物体积分数是9.5×10^-4时其体积分数达到53%.     

高强高韧低合金锰钢的研制

采用多元合金化思路设计了一种新型低合金高强度高韧性锰钢.研究了该钢的静态CCT曲线、显微组织、断口形貌以及热处理工艺对钢的力学性能的影响.结果表明:该钢中过冷奥氏体的稳定性高,具有高淬透性及高回火稳定性,经890～930℃淬火及200～230℃回火后获得回火板条马氏体组织,使该钢具有高的强韧性(抗拉强度R_m≥1500MPa,冲击韧性A_kv≥85J)匹配;钢中适当提高锰含量,符合我国资源情况,具有较高的性价比.     

原位观察TiN粒子对低合金高强度钢模拟焊接热影响区粗晶区晶粒细化作用

采用高温激光共聚焦显微镜原位观察和电子背散射衍射技术研究TiN粒子在低合金高强度钢模拟大线能量焊接热循环过程中晶粒细化效果.研究发现合理的Ti和N含量能形成大量细小弥散分布的纳米级TiN粒子,在焊接热循环过程中有效钉扎热影响区粗晶区奥氏体晶界,抑制晶粒粗化.同时,TiN附着在Al₂O₃表面析出,在冷却过程中有效促进针状铁素体形核,得到有效晶粒尺寸非常细小的由少量针状铁素体和大量贝氏体构成的复合组织.     

冷却速度对Ti脱氧钢中针状铁素体形成的影响

观察了不同冷速下获得的Ti脱氧钢的显微组织,并用能谱仪分析了夹杂物的化学成分.结果表明,在500～800 ℃,以8～15 ℃/s的速度冷却,钢中会有针状铁素体析出.氧化物冶金钢中的Ti-Al复合夹杂物诱导针状铁素体形核并促进感生形核,针状铁素体互相交织,从而产生细化组织的效果.     

Toughness improvement by Zr addition in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steels

The effect of Zr addition on the microstructure and impact toughness in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of high-strength low-alloy steels subjected to 100?kJ?cm^-1 heat input was investigated. The second- phase particles were mainly Al–Ti complex oxides and (Ti,Nb)N precipitates in Zr-free steel, whereas lots of finer Zr–Al–Ti complex oxides and (Al,Ti,Nb)N precipitates were formed in Zr-bearing steel because of Zr addition. These finer oxides and precipitates effectively restricted the austenite grain growth by pinning effect during welding thermal cycle, and smaller and more uniform prior austenite grains were obtained in CGHAZ of Zr-bearing steel. Furthermore, more acicular ferrite grains nucleated on Zr–Al–Ti complex oxides, inducing formation of fine-grained microstructure in CGHAZ of Zr-bearing steel. The toughness improvement in CGHAZ of Zr-bearing steel with dimple fracture surface was attributed to the grain refinement by pinning effect and acicular ferrite formation.     

20MnSi中夹杂物对针状铁素体形成的影响

 通过热模拟试验对20MnSi连续冷却过程中的相变规律进行了测定,通过电石、硅钙线脱氧及热处理得到了含有晶内针状铁素体试样,利用显微硬度仪对针状铁素体聚集区进行了显微硬度的测定,利用光学显微镜对晶内针状铁素体进行了形貌观察,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对诱导针状铁素体生成的夹杂物的性质进行了分析。结果表明,20MnSi中可以形成晶内针状铁素体的冷却速度范围为5～20 ℃/s;能够诱发针状铁素体组织形核的夹杂物主要为MnS夹杂,其次为MnO·SiO2和MnS·SiO2夹杂,并且3类夹杂物的尺寸主要在小于3 μm的区间内;MnS夹杂促进针状铁素体形核是由应力-应变能和惰性界面能等原因共同造成的;高温加热和等温保温有利于使贫锰区减弱或消失,不利于针状铁素体的形成;高熔点夹杂物有利于诱导针状铁素体的形核,复合夹杂物和镶嵌存在的夹杂物可以为针状铁素体的形核提供多个合适的形核区,有利于促进多个针状铁素体的同时形核、长大。     

Effect of the Small Reaustenized Grains on the Mechanical Properties of a HSLA Steel

Grain refinement improves not only strength but also toughness.Small reaustenized grains were discovered to form along the grain boundaries and lath boundaries in an as rolled high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel when heated to double phase region.The number and size of the small reaustenized grains were revealed to depend mainly on temperature in the range of 700 to 760℃.These small reaustenized grains were deduced to form by consuming precipitates.The mechanical property tests showed that they resulted in slight changes to tensile properties.However,the sample heated at 740℃ produced a peak Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact energy of 248J when tested at-30℃.Fractography showed that the facture surface of the 740℃ heated impact sample exhibited the smallest brittle zone away from the notch root and a large dimple zone lay ahead of the notch tip,which demonstrated the highest toughness.     

ICP-AES法同时测定低合金钢中锆和铌

利用全谱ICP -AES(CID检测器 )分析技术 ,对试样溶解方法、元素分析谱线、共存元素干扰、背景校正、仪器分析参数 (射频发生器功率、雾化器压力和泵提升量 )等因素进行了研究 ,综合确定了最佳实验条件 ,并采用稀硫酸溶样后 ,经硫磷酸冒烟 ,直接进行试样前处理 ,建立了一种可同时测定低合金钢中Zr和Nb含量的简单、快速和实用的分析方法。结果表明 :本法测定钢中锆和铌含量的分析误差和精密度符合国标GB2 2 3 3 0 -94和GB2 2 3 3 9-94的技术要求 ,其检出限均为0.0 0 0     

Microstructure and properties of laser-arc hybrid welding of high-strength low-alloy steel

Laser-arc hybrid welding has the characteristics of optimal surface formation and greater penetration;it is extensively used in the welding of plates of medium thickness.However,for hybrid welding of lasers,the welding seam cooling rate is rapid;thus,the welding seam has a higher tendency to significantly harden,which has a negative impact on the weld quality of the high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steel plates of medium thickness.In this study,laser-arc hybrid welding is performed on the BG890QL HSLA steel produced by Baoshan Iron&Steel Co.,Ltd.,and the quenching tendency of the welded structure is examined.The results demonstrate that the specific growth direction of the columnar crystal structure of the laser-arc hybrid welded joint is obvious.However,at the center and top of the welded seam,there are equiaxed crystals.The impact properties at room temperature and-40℃of the weld area are 58.0 J and 40.0 J,respectively,and those of the heat-affected zone(HAZ)are 147.0 J and 66.5 J,respectively.The impact performance can meet these requirements.Laser-arc hybrid welding of HSLA steel can yield strong and durable welds and the HAZ structure to meet the requirements of engineering applications.