梅钢250t钢包浇铸过程旋涡卷渣行为研究

钢包浇铸末期旋涡卷渣严重影响钢水洁净度和金属收得率。利用钢包渣示踪法研究了上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司250 t钢包浇铸过程卷渣行为。通过在中间包注流区采集钢样,基于含Ba夹杂物成分、尺寸和形貌研究卷渣形成的夹杂物特性,并通过夹杂物中平均Ba含量变化来判断旋涡卷渣发生的程度。结果表明:卷渣形成的夹杂物普遍尺寸较大、形貌呈球形,在钢包余钢量不低于15～18 t的时候便开始出现旋涡卷渣。为了抑制旋涡卷渣,针对梅钢250 t钢包的实际工况,提出了一种新的出水口结构,并利用物理模拟试验对比了常规出水口和新出水口的旋涡特性,采用新的出水口可以显著降低钢包的起旋高度和贯通高度。     

钢包浇注过程中旋涡临界高度控制

为了有效控制钢包浇注过程中汇流旋涡的临界高度,以150 t钢包为原型,基于相似原理,采用1∶3的物理模型,通过水模拟研究了钢包初始液位、静置时间、水口位置、水口结构和阻旋装置对汇流旋涡形成过程的影响.结果 表明,初始液位对旋涡的形成影响较小,而静置时间和水口位置的影响显著.在逆时针注水情况下,随着静置时间的增加,旋涡起...     

连铸钢包浇钢优化控制系统

<正>一、企业及项目概况连铸生产过程中,随着钢包浇注的进行,钢包内部的钢水液面会逐渐下降,同时会产生流动。在浇注的中后期,钢水在钢包内会产生旋转流动,在出钢口上方附近形成漩涡,漂浮在钢水上面的钢渣被漩涡的吸附力卷下,混着钢水经长水口流入中间包,形成下渣。过量的钢渣不仅会降低钢水的洁净度,影响铸坯质量,甚至导致拉漏事故;而且会加速中间包耐火材料的腐蚀,缩短其使用寿命,增加中间包渣壳重量,影响连铸生产的进行。     

钢包水口偏心率对浇注过程影响的数学模拟

 钢包的水口偏心率会显著影响浇注末期汇流旋涡的形成和发展过程。基于钢包特征设置合理的水口偏心率,有利于控制旋涡形态、抑制旋涡的危害。但是偏心率的变化如何改变流场,对浇注过程产生哪些影响,目前的研究并不充分。通过数值模拟方法,研究了水口偏心率对钢包流场和旋涡的影响规律,同时定义了“影响度”指标,定量分析了偏心率对浇注过程中表征流场和旋涡特性的14个物理量(如水口流量、旋涡角速度、湍动能、水口含气率等)的影响程度。结果表明,水口偏心率和各物理量之间存在非线性关系;不同物理量变化的临界点不同,普遍为0.5~0.7,旋涡的稳定性和容器壁面是影响临界点的主要因素。     

薄板坯连铸漏斗形结晶器内卷渣行为物理模拟

针对高拉速下薄板坯连铸结晶器内的液面卷渣问题，建立了1∶1水力学模型，采用水/真空泵油模拟钢/保护渣介质，研究了连铸拉速、水口插入深度、保护渣黏度对漏斗形结晶器内液渣层变化及卷渣行为的影响。结果表明，随着拉速提高，结晶器内液面波高升高，液面高度自窄边向水口方向逐渐降低，液渣层厚度相应由薄变厚，导致结晶器窄边附近钢液裸露；结晶器内窄边至水口之间1/2处波高变化较大、液面流速最大、易发生剪切卷渣。在试验条件下，采用增加水口插入深度、降低最高拉速、适当提高保护渣黏度等方法，使液面速度小于0.486 m/s的临界流速、液面波动指数F数小于5.45,可防止结晶器内产生剪切卷渣。然而，这些手段不能避免结晶器内水口附近的旋涡卷渣，这是因为薄板坯连铸钢通量大以及漏斗形结晶器和鸭嘴形水口容易形成负压旋涡造成的。     

连铸过程控制下渣技术的研究进展

连铸生产中,钢包浇注末期及一个浇次结束中间包浇注末期均会发生下渣,对铸坯质量及生产顺行产生不利影响,因此严格控制连铸过程下渣非常重要。介绍了连铸过程中下渣的机理并阐述了汇流漩涡及排流沉坑的形成机理,分析了控制下渣的主要方法,并针对连铸钢包及中间包浇注过程分别阐述了典型的控制下渣技术,为连铸过程下渣控制提供理论基础。     

钢包底吹氩卷渣临界条件的水模型研究

以钢厂70t钢包为原型,建立模型与原型尺寸比为1:2.75的水模型。通过水模型实验对钢包临界卷渣吹氩量进行测量,得到临界卷渣气量是450 L/min。实验测量不同吹气量下钢包液面水平流速,分析水平流速与钢包卷渣的关系,得到钢包临界卷渣的液面流速为0.652m/s、韦伯准数为6.967。讨论了采用临界卷渣韦伯准数计算临界卷渣液面流速,通过测量达到临界卷渣液面流速时的吹氩量,来确定临界卷渣吹氩量的方法。     

110t不锈钢钢包炉底吹氩水模拟

依据相似原理建立钢包的物理模拟体系,采用水模型对110t LF钢包底吹氩过程进行研究,分析了吹气量、吹氩位置、钢包覆盖渣和钢包液面高度对钢包混匀的影响,并进行了相应的试验验证。研究结果表明：水模型试验结果和大工业应用具有较好的一致性,验证了水模型的可行性;钢包液面高度越高,混匀时间越长;吹气量越大,混匀时间越短;相同的液面高度和吹气量下,底吹氩最佳位置为0.33r 附近;钢包覆盖渣较黏时会使钢液流动显著减慢,增大吹气量容易产生卷渣现象。     

浇注钢包环出钢口四孔透气塞吹氩控制下渣工艺北大核心CSCD

针对浇注钢包环出钢口四孔透气塞吹氩控制下渣工艺,建立了某钢厂130 t钢包三维DPM-VOF耦合数学模型以计算浇注钢包下渣过程,并通过冷态实验验证了该模型的有效性。利用该模型研究了不同偏心率对下渣行为的影响,揭示了该工艺控制下渣的行为规律,并分析了吹氩流量对控制下渣的影响。结果表明,随着偏心率的增大,不同浇注高度下的最大切向速度减小,汇流漩涡临界高度降低。环出钢口四孔透气塞吹入氩气后,气泡流股的汇聚有效地减弱了水口上方钢液的周向旋转速度,大幅降低了汇流漩涡下渣临界高度。4个气泡流股的气液两相流会抑制流向水口钢液的径向流动速度,由排流沉坑引起的下渣也得到明显抑制。随着吹氩流量的增加,下渣临界高度呈降低趋势。就本研究而言,控制下渣的最佳吹氩流量为30 L/min。     

钢包浇注过程的数学物理模拟

采用CFD商用软件FLUENT,选取VOF气-液两相流模型和标准k-ε湍流模型对60t钢包浇注过程进行了数值模拟和物理模拟,利用水口流量和液面高度随时间的变化曲线分析了浇注过程中旋涡的产生及变化规律,得到了产生旋涡时自由液面的速度场,并与水模拟实验结果进行了比较.研究结果表明,水口直径及其水口位置对旋涡影响的数值计算结...     

Two-phase sink vortex suction mechanism and penetration dynamic characteristics in ladle teeming process

At the late stage of continuous casting (CC) ladle teeming,sink vortex can suck the liquid slag into tundish,and cause negative influences on the cleanliness of molten steel.To address this issue,a two-phase fluid mechanical modeling method for ladle teeming was proposed.Firstly,a dynamic model for vortex suction process was built,and the profiles of vortex flow field were acquired.Then,based on the level set method (LSM),a two-phase 3D interface coupling model for slag entrapment was built.Finally,in combination with high-order essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) and total variation diminishing (TVD) methods,a LSM-based numerical solution method was proposed to obtain the 3D coupling evolution regularities in vortex suction process.Numerical results show that the vortex with higher kinetic energy can form an expanded sandglass-shape region with larger slag fraction and lower rotating velocity;there is a pressure oscillation phenomenon at the vortex penetration state,which is caused by the energy shock of two-phase vortex penetration coupling.     

150 t钢包自由表面旋涡的数值模拟与湍流模型的选择

钢包在非稳态浇注过程中易形成旋涡,导致钢渣及空气的大量卷入,严重危害了钢的质量.为了更好的研究旋涡,采用ANSYS CFX软件,分别采用k-ε和RNG k-ε 2种湍流模型对钢包非稳态浇注过程中自由表面旋涡进行数值模拟,得到自由表面从表面旋转到旋涡贯通水口的演化过程,将两者的计算结果与相关文献以及Burgers涡模型进行相互对比,得到:两者计算的旋涡演化过程、旋涡产生临界高度无差别;两者的速度场与相关文献均一致,但RNG k-ε模型更真实的表现了旋涡的剪切流动;将两者的切向速度分布与Burgers涡对比,得到RNG k-ε湍流模型与理论模型更加吻合.综上:用RNG k-ε湍流模型计算自由表面旋涡更加正确合理.      

Numerical Simulation for Effect of Inlet Cooling Rate on Fluid Flow and Temperature Distribution in Tundish

 The fluid flow in tundish is a non-isothermal process and the temperature variation of stream from teeming ladle dominates the fluid flow and thermal distribution in tundish. A numerical model was established to investigate the effect of inlet cooling rate on fluid flow and temperature distribution in tundish based on a FTSC (Flexible Thin Slab Casting) tundish. The inlet cooling rate varies from 0.5 to 0.25 ℃/min. Under the present calculation conditions, the following conclusions were made. When the stream temperature from teeming ladle drops seriously (for inlet cooling rate of 0.5 ℃/min), there is a “backward flow” at the coming end of casting. The horizontal flow along the free surface turns to flow along the bottom of tundish. The bottom flow shortens the fluid flow route in tundish and deteriorates the removal effect of nonmetallic inclusions from molten steel. Nevertheless, when the inlet cooling rate decreases to 0.25 ℃/min, the horizontal flow is sustained during the whole casting period. The present research provides theoretical directions for temperature control in teeming ladle and continuous casting tundish during production of advanced steels.     

Transient Flow and Inclusion Removal in Gas Stirred Ladle during Teeming Process

A water model of a typical 150t ladle was designed and constructed to determine the flow characteristics. A kind of organic emulsion was selected to model nonmetallic inclusion particles with the purpose of studying the inclusion removal effect under gas blowing in a teeming ladle. The presented modeling method for inclusion particles in the teeming process is different from those under steady condition. The numerical simulation was performed by using commercial software with the Eulerian‐Eulerian multiphase model applied to a model gas blown through a ladle. The numerical component of this study was conducted aiming at exploring the transient flow characteristics in teeming ladle corresponding to the physical experimental condition. Under the present conditions the authors came to the conclusion that soft gas blowing (2.7～4.0 × 10^?6 m³/s) was favourable to float inclusion particles into the slag layer. It is suggested to end the gas blowing when the drainage percentage reaches 50%.     

吹气孔直径对钢包模型内流动的影响

采用相似比为1∶10的水模型研究了钢包底吹氩系统中吹气孔直径对钢液流动的影响,通过测量钢包中心面的速度场,得到流体流动随吹气孔直径的变化规律。研究结果表明,吹气孔直径在1~3 mm范围内,随吹气孔直径增加,气柱、液面和包壁附近的流体速度减小,整个钢包内速度场分布更均匀。随吹气孔直径增加,涡心坐标从(0.12,0.12)向(0.12,0.10)和(0.12,0.09)变化,涡心向上移动,横向移动不明显。随着吹气孔直径的增加,底部产生的气泡直径变大,混匀时间有所减小。     

Mathematical simulation of fluid dynamics during steel draining operations from a ladle

Fluid flow dynamics during ladle drainage operations of steel under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions has been studied using the turbulence shear stress transport k-ε model (SST k-ω) and the multiphase volume of fluid (VOF) model. At high bath levels, the angular velocity of the melt, close to the ladle nozzle, is small rotating anticlockwise and intense vertical-recirculating flows are developed in most of the liquid volume due to descending steel streams along the ladle vertical wall. These streams ascend further downstream driven by buoyancy forces. At low bath levels, the melt, which is close to the nozzle, rotates clockwise with higher velocities whose magnitudes are higher for shorter ladle standstill times. These velocities are responsible for the formation and development of a vortex on the bath free surface, which entrains slag into the nozzle by shear-stress mechanisms at the metal-slag interface. The critical bath level or bath height for this phenomenon is 0.35 m (in this particular ladle design) for a ladle standstill time of 15 minutes and decreases with longer ladle standstill times. At these steps, the vertical-recirculating flows are substituted by complex horizontal-rotating flows in most of the liquid volume. Under isothermal conditions, the critical bath level for vortex formation on the melt free surface is 0.20 m, which agrees very well with that determined with a 1/3 scale water model of 0.073 m. It is concluded that buoyancy forces, originated by thermal gradients, as the ladle cools, are responsible for increasing the critical bath level for vortex formation. Understanding vortex mechanisms will be useful to design simple and efficient devices to break down the vortex flow during steel draining even at very low metal residues in the ladle.     

钢包引流砂烧结与钢包自动开浇率提升研究进展

为了提升钢包自动开浇率,总结了钢包引流砂烧结的研究与工业实践成果,阐述了引流砂的烧结性能、钢包自动开浇的影响因素及提升措施,重点关注了不同材质引流砂的烧结机理和钢液对引流砂烧结的作用机制.不同材质引流砂的烧结结构类似,一般分为烧结层(包括部分烧结层)和未烧结层.引流砂的实际烧结层很薄,而且绝大多数引流砂会呈现未烧结的状...