PDMS/SiO2杂化电纺纤维的制备与表征

采用溶胶凝胶工艺和电纺丝法制备了聚二甲基硅氧烷/二氧化硅(PDMS/SiO2)电纺纤维.纤维连续、直径均匀、表面光滑平整,形成了一块完整的纤维毡。并用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、红外光谱法(FT-IR)、热重分析法(TG)研究了纤维的形态、结构和热性能。结果表明,PDMS通过两端羟基与TEOS发生了缩合,电纺纤维具有良好的耐高温性能,并且随着PDMS含量的增加,纤维直径变粗。     

PVA/SiO2杂化纤维的制备与表征

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了不同SiO2含量的PVA/SiO2杂化溶胶,通过拉丝得到杂化纤维。对溶胶的可纺性和杂化纤维的性能进行了研究。结果表明,SiO2溶胶与PVA/SiO2杂化溶胶在反应过程中的黏度变化规律相似,黏度均存在三个变化区间,随PVA含量的增加,杂化溶胶的可纺性能改善。FT-IR表明,杂化纤维中PVA与SiO2之间形成了化学键结合;XRD、DSC和光学显微分析表明,杂化使PVA结晶能力明显降低;热失重和耐溶剂研究表明,PVA与SiO2之间的化学键结合使杂化纤维具有良好的耐热性能。     

PVA/SiO_2/TiO_2杂化纤维的制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为原料制备了SiO2/TiO2溶胶,并与PVA进行杂化,得到PVA/SiO2/TiO2杂化溶胶,陈化后用拉丝法制得PVA/SiO2/TiO2杂化纤维。研究了PVA和TBOT对杂化溶胶的黏度变化与成纤性能的影响,并对杂化纤维的性能进行了测试。用FT-IR、EDS、XRD和TG对制得的纤维进行了表征。结果表明,PVA有利于改善杂化溶胶的成纤性能,随钛含量增加杂化溶胶的黏度变化速度加快;杂化纤维中各组分分布较为均匀,通过杂化限制了PVA的结晶并改善了PVA的耐热性能。     

水杨酸铽/聚乙烯醇杂化光功能材料的制备和性能

采用溶胶/凝胶方法制备了一系列含有铽-水杨酸配合物的聚乙烯醇高分子杂化光功能材料,考察了偶联剂的引入对杂化材料的形貌和光学性能的影响。利用红外光谱表征材料的结构,扫描电镜和荧光光谱表征材料的性能。结果表明,随着偶联剂的引入,可以有效避免相分离现象和荧光淬灭,显著提高了杂化材料的光学性能。     

SiO2/胶原水解物-聚乙烯醇杂化复合膜的制备与性能

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法原位制备了SiO2/胶原水解物-聚乙烯醇杂化复合膜(SiO2/CH-PVA杂化膜).通过溶胀、热重(TG)、红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和拉伸实验,考察了SiO2对杂化膜性能的影响.结果表明,SiO2的引入减小了膜的平衡溶胀度,减缓了膜的溶胀速率,有效地抑制...     

PVA-PEG/SiO_2-TiO_2杂化纤维的制备与表征

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)与聚乙二醇(PEG)共混,并以正硅酸乙(酯TEOS)和钛酸四丁酯(TBT)为无机前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同(SiO_2-TiO_2)含量的PVA-PEG/SiO_2-TiO_2杂化溶胶,陈化后用提拉法制得杂化纤维.研究了杂化溶胶的可纺性,并使用IR、光学显微镜、UV-Vis和TG对杂化纤维的结构与性能进行了研究.结果表明:随硅钛摩尔比的增加或随有机相中PEG/PVA质量比的增加,溶胶的可纺性变好;有机相与无机相之间通过化学键连接;纤维直径为50μm左右;TiO_2的引入增加了其抗紫外性,杂化纤维的耐热性优于纯PVA-PEG.     

静电纺有机/无机杂化纳米纤维载药体系的构建及其生物医学应用

纳米纤维具有极大的比表面积、可控的多孔二级结构等一系列优良特性,使其在环境保护、能源利用、催化剂、药物载体、组织工程支架材料等领域得到了广泛应用。通过静电纺技术制备的纳米纤维主要有有机纳米纤维、无机纳米纤维、以及有机/无机杂化纳米纤维3类。结合作者课题组之前的研究成果积累,综述了各种不同的静电纺有机/无机杂化纳米纤维载药体系的构建及其生物医学应用。着重介绍了如何将药物负载在无机纳米颗粒(埃洛石、锂皂石、羟基磷灰石、介孔二氧化硅等)的表面或内部并进而和高分子混纺形成双载体纳米载药纤维的过程和相关药物缓释机理,并探讨了有机/无机杂化纳米纤维载药体系的生物医学应用,尤其是在抗菌和抗肿瘤方面的治疗应用。文章最后对该领域的研究方向和前景作了展望。     

十二酸十二酯/复合聚乙烯醇调温电纺纤维的制备及性能

为改善聚乙烯醇(PVA)对相变材料十二酸十二酯(PCM)的包封稳定性与力学性能,以经戊二醛交联改性的复合分子量共混PVA作为支撑材料、以十二酸十二酯作为相变材料,采用乳液静电纺丝技术制备了PCM/PVA蓄热调温纤维.采用旋转流变仪、扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪、温度记录仪、热红外成像仪、多功能拉伸仪等研究了O/W型PCM/...     

PBMA-SiO2杂化纤维的制备及表征

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯(PBMA)为前躯体,乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTEOS)为偶联剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2纤维和PBMA/SiO2杂化纤维,并使用IR、SEM、TGA等进行了结构与性能表征,研究了溶胶的杂化反应机理、成纤性能.结果表明:硅烷偶联剂的引入使得PBMA-SiO2杂化纤维均匀性较好,纤维中有机相与无机相之间通过化学键连接,实现了有机-无机组分的充分贯穿;其耐热性能优于纯PBMA.     

PEG/SiO2-TiO2杂化纤维的制备与表征

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和钛酸四丁酯(TBT)为无机前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了PEG/SiO2-TiO2杂化溶胶,通过提拉法制得杂化纤维,并对其进行了简单表征.结果表明,随钛硅物质的量比的增加或有机相质量的增加,溶胶的可纺性变好;有机相与无机相之间通过化学键连接;纤维直径为40μm左右;TiO2的引入增强了其抗紫外性,杂化纤维的耐热性优于纯PEG.     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) electrospun fibers

Ultrafine fibers of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (CS/PVA/PVP) were prepared via electrospinning. The structure and morphology of CS/PVA/PVP ultrafine fibers was characterized by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, the effects of the concentration of PVA, PVP and the electrospinning voltage on the morphology of ultrafine fibers were investigated the the SEM. When the concentration of PVA was at the range of 30wt%–40wt%, ultrafine fibers could be obtained. The diameter distributions of ultrafine fibers decreased when the electrospinning voltage increased from 20 to 30 kV. The rough surface fibers could be obtained after etching with CHCl₃.     

Effect of annealing on aqueous stability and elastic modulus of electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers

Electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers rapidly dissolve in water. Their aqueous stability can be improved by annealing using a combination of controlled temperature and treatment time. The increase in aqueous stability of the PVA fibers is associated with an increase in PVA crystallinity and is defined by X-ray diffraction and the ratio of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy band intensities at 1141 and 1425 cm⁻¹. A ratio of intensity of these two infrared bands ≥2.5 or ~75% and above in the degree of crystallinity as determined by X-ray diffraction indicates fiber stability in water. Annealing treatment also results in an increase in the stiffness of the fibers. At a treatment temperature of 135 °C for 4 h, the elastic modulus of the fiber increased by 80%. This information is useful when these fibers are being considered for applications in an aqueous environment such as membrane filter or tissue scaffold.     

Nickel (II) ions sensing properties of dimethylglyoxime/poly(caprolactone) electrospun fibers

A novel dimethylglyoxime (DMG)/poly(caprolactone) (PCL) blend was electrospun into fibers to serve as an optical sensor for the nickel detection based on the formation of a red Ni(DMG)₂ complex. DMG was mixed with PCL at 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) in a mixture of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dichloromethane (DCM) (50/50, v/v) prior electrospunning process. The best fibers were prepared under an electric field of 20 kV and a distance between needle and collector of 20 cm. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the average diameter of the fibers remained nearly constant with increasing amount of DMG. The optimum mass ratio of DMG and PCL was found to be 20:80 as it produced fibers with the smallest diameter distribution and the best sensing property. The formation of the Ni(DMG)₂ complex was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The colorimetric response of the PCL/DMG electrospun fibers were then tested against the nickel ions over a concentration range of 1-10 ppm using reflectance spectroscopy. Good linearity between the reflectance values at 547 nm and the concentrations was obtained (R² = 0.9925). These proposed DMG and PCL fibers could be used as the naked-eye sensor for nickel in waste water.     

Swelling and mechanical behaviors of carbon nanotube/poly(vinyl alcohol) hybrid hydrogels

In this paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels to modify their mechanical properties. A series of CNT/PVA hybrid hydrogels were prepared by freezing/thawing method. The mechanical and swelling properties of all hybrid hydrogels are better than those of the original PVA hydrogel. Especially, for CNTP-0.5 specimen with 0.5% w/w CNTs, its tensile modulus, tensile strength and strain at break are increased by 78.2%, 94.3% and 12.7%, respectively. And its swelling behavior is different from that of the pure PVA hydrogel. Its final swelling ratios at room temperature and 310 K are increased by 35.7% and 44.9%, respectively.     

Acacia stabilized polyaniline dispersions: preparation, properties and blending with poly(vinyl alcohol)

Polyaniline (PANI) dispersion in water has been prepared by using industrially produced and cheaper stabilizer, namely gum acacia — dried exudates from a species of acacia tree. Gum acacia stabilized PANI particles can be easily isolated from the aniline polymerization reaction mixture and then re-dispersed in water. By increasing the content of gum acacia — in the polyaniline-gum acacia (PANI-ACACIA) redispersable composite from 42 to 70 wt.% it is possible to diminish the average particle diameter from 450 nm to 200 nm and lower its size distribution. The suitability of the dispersion for blending with water-soluble polymers, such as for example poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has also been tested. The composite PANI-ACACIA containing 60 wt.% of gum acacia has yielded the best blends with PVA with the conductivity in the range of 10^− 4 to 10^− 5 S/cm.     

Mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) fibres and composites

This paper describes the performance of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) fibres and their composites. PVOH fibres have been studied, with the emphasis on long-term properties. Results indicated that the long-term properties of PVOH fibres are superior to those of high-performance polyethylene (HP-PE) fibres. Mechanical tests on PVOH/epoxy composites showed that, in general, their structural performance is between those of plasma-treated HP-PE and aramid fibre-reinforced composites. Structural mechanical properties of PVOH composites are better than those of HP-PE based composites due to the combination of a strong interfacial bond strength and a less pronounced anisotropic fibre character. However, the strong bonding between PVOH and epoxy results in a rather brittle failure mode of the composite and consequently relatively poor impact properties.     

氧化石墨烯/聚乙烯醇复合材料的纳米压痕实验及力学性能

为了研究氧化石墨烯(GO)对聚合物基复合材料力学性能的影响,通过溶液混合法制备了GO/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合材料。然后,采用XRD、TEM、FTIR、DSC和纳米压痕实验等研究了GO/PVA复合材料的结构、界面结合性能、力学性能、蠕变行为和吸水膨胀率。结果表明:GO可以均匀分散在PVA基体中,二者之间主要通过氢键作用结合,具有较高的界面结合力;与纯PVA相比,1wt% GO/PVA复合材料的硬度和有效弹性模量分别提高了28.9%和23.3%,压入蠕变深度下降了19.8%;GO/PVA复合材料具有较低的无限剪切模量与瞬时剪切模量比,表明GO提高了PVA的蠕变抗力;GO的添加同时增加了GO/PVA复合材料的阻水性并降低了膨胀系数。吸湿纳米压痕实验结果表明:纯PVA的力学性能会随吸湿时间延长而下降,而GO/PVA复合材料吸湿72h后的力学性能基本保持不变。所得结论为石墨烯增强聚合物基复合材料的研究提供了理论指导。      

纳米纤维素增强聚乙烯醇/水性聚氨酯静电纺膜的研究

采用TEMPO(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物自由基)氧化纤维素纳米纤维(TOCNs)作为聚乙烯醇(PVA)/水性聚氨酯(WPU)静电纺膜的增强剂。研究中使用拉伸实验研究TOCNs的增强作用,此外还使用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、热重分析仪及差示扫描量热仪等对静电纺膜进行结构性能表征。扫描电镜观察发现当纳米纤维素加入量为5%(质量分数)时,其在聚合物基质中分散良好,所得静电纺纳米纤维保持了良好的形态。此外,加入5%(质量分数)的纳米纤维素能够将材料的抗张强度提高44%,且纳米纤维素的加入对材料的热稳定性也有一定的改善,纳米纤维素起到一种纳米填料的效果。鉴于PVA、WPU、TOCNs均为亲水性,无毒且具有生物相容性的物质,所得静电纺膜在组织支架及伤口护理材料等方面具有潜在应用。